Gough Palmer 1980: On 29 December news of the disaster at Bronkhorstspruit was received, and he was instructed to defend the Fort against attack, in which regard he took immediate steps. Gough Palmer, M. (December 1980). "The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880–1881". South African Journal of Military History. 5 (2). Retrieved 18 December 2013.