First Fitna (English Wikipedia)

Madelung (1997), pp. 169, 170. Rogerson (2006), p. 295. Poonawala (1982). Gleave (2008) Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64696-0. Rogerson, Barnaby (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet Muhammad: And the Roots of the Sunni-Shia Schism. Abacus. ISBN 978-0349117577. Poonawala, I.K. (1982). "Ali b. Abi Taleb I. Life". Encyclopaedia Iranica (Online ed.). Gleave, Robert M. (2008). "Ali ibn Abi Talib". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill Online. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2013.

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Madelung (1997), pp. 248, 249, 251, 252. Abbas (2021). Rogerson (2006), pp. 311, 313. Donner (2010), p. 163. Wellhausen (1901), p. 17. Poonawala (1982). Veccia Vaglieri (2021) Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64696-0. Abbas, Hassan (2021). The Prophet's Heir: The Life of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300252057. Rogerson, Barnaby (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet Muhammad: And the Roots of the Sunni-Shia Schism. Abacus. ISBN 978-0349117577. Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05097-6. Wellhausen, Julius (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam (in German). Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. OCLC 453206240. Poonawala, I.K. (1982). "Ali b. Abi Taleb I. Life". Encyclopaedia Iranica (Online ed.). Veccia Vaglieri, L. (2021). "Ali b. Abi Talib". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill Reference Online.
Levi Della Vida (1978), pp. 1074, 1075. Poonawala (1982). Veccia Vaglieri (2021) Levi Della Vida, G. (1978). "Khāridjites". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1074–1077. ISBN 978-90-04-05745-6. OCLC 758278456. Poonawala, I.K. (1982). "Ali b. Abi Taleb I. Life". Encyclopaedia Iranica (Online ed.). Veccia Vaglieri, L. (2021). "Ali b. Abi Talib". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill Reference Online.
Donner (2010), p. 163. Wellhausen (1901), pp. 17–18. Hazleton (2009), p. 145 Donner, Fred M. (2010). Muhammad and the Believers, at the Origins of Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05097-6. Wellhausen, Julius (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam (in German). Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. OCLC 453206240. Hazleton, Lesley (2009). After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0385532099.
Wellhausen (1901), pp. 17–18. Hazleton (2009), p. 143. Madelung (1997), p. 254 Wellhausen, Julius (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam (in German). Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. OCLC 453206240. Hazleton, Lesley (2009). After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0385532099. Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64696-0.
Madelung (1997), p. 260. Wellhausen (1901), p. 18 Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64696-0. Wellhausen, Julius (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam (in German). Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. OCLC 453206240.
Wellhausen (1901), p. 18 Wellhausen, Julius (1901). Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam (in German). Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. OCLC 453206240.

First Fitna (English Wikipedia)

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