References analysis of the Wikipedia article "First Red Scare" in the English version

archive.org

Foner, 77n; Noggle, 102–03; Ole Hanson, Americanism versus Bolshevism (Garden City, New York, 1920), Americanism versus Bolshevism, accessed April 11, 2011

Lawson, Ronald (January 1, 1986). "Ch. 2: New York City Tenant Organizations and the Post-World War I Housing Crisis". The Tenant movement in New York City, 1904–1984. Internet Archive. New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers University Press. pp. 51–89. ISBN 978-0-8135-1203-7.

books.google.com

Ness, Immanuel, ed. (2015). Encyclopedia of American Social Movements. Routledge. p. 559. ISBN 9781317471899. ... the effects on the labor movement were devastating ... [Palmer] had accomplished much of what employers had sought in the immediate post-war era ... Many labor officials had been jailed or deported; and many industrial unions had been wiped out of existence.

Toczek, Nick (2015). Haters, Baiters and Would-Be Dictators: Anti-Semitism and the UK Far Right. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317525875. Archived from the original on 2023-01-20. Retrieved 2020-10-25.

Sherman Rogers, "Senator Harding on Labor", in The Outlook, vol. 125, August 18, 1920, 668–670, quote 670; quoted in part: Gage, 230–31. Harding had used anti-Bolshevik rhetoric earlier, but for his presidential campaign took a conciliatory stance on labor issues. See Randolph C. Downes, The Rise of Warren Gamaliel Harding, 1865–1920 (Ohio State University Press, 1970), 260, 275–76, 319–322, 361, 600, 605–609

nytimes.com

"Senators Tell What Bolshevism in America Means". The New York Times. June 15, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2010.

United States Congress, Bolshevik Propaganda, 6; Hagedorn, 55; Murray, 94; "Senate Orders Reds Here Investigated". The New York Times. February 5, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2010.

"For Action on Race Riot Peril". The New York Times. October 5, 1919. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2010. This newspaper article includes several paragraphs of editorial analysis followed by Dr. Haynes' report, "summarized at several points".

"Reds are Working among Negroes". The New York Times. October 19, 1919. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2010.

Pietrusza, 100; Foner, 100. See also "Bay State Governor Firm". The New York Times. September 15, 1919. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2010.

"Bill Provides Penal Colony in Philippines for Anarchists". The New York Times. October 25, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2010.

"Palmer to Enforce Law". The New York Times. November 1, 1919. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2010.

"Gompers Repeats Injunction Charge". The New York Times. November 23, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.

Coben, 181–183; "Miners Finally Agree". The New York Times. December 11, 1919. Archived from the original on May 5, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2010.

"'Ark' with 300 Reds Sails Early Today for Unnamed Port". The New York Times. December 21, 1919. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2010.

"Hundreds of Reds on Soviet 'Ark' Sail Soon for Europe". The New York Times. December 13, 1919. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2010.

"BEGIN PROCEDURE TO DEPORT REDS; Half of First Twenty Heard on Ellis Island Agree to Go Back to Russia. ALL COMFORTABLY HOUSED New Arrivals Will Be Sent to Concentration Camp at Camp Upton—One Girl Released". The New York Times. January 6, 1920. Archived from the original on June 22, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2019.

"Hughes Upholds Socialists' Rights". The New York Times. January 10, 1920. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2010.

"Sweet Defends Assembly's Action. Smith Assails Assembly". The New York Times. January 11, 1920. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2010.

Cooper, 329–330. See also "Bar Association Upholds Socialists". The New York Times. January 13, 1920. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2010.

"Palmer for Stringent Law". The New York Times. November 16, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2010.

"Nation-Wide Plot to Kill High Officials on Red May Day Revealed by Palmer". The New York Times. April 30, 1920. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

"To Put Down Terrorists". The New York Times. September 18, 1920. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2010.

query.nytimes.com

"Bolshevism Bared by R. E. Simmons". The New York Times. February 18, 1919. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2010.

"Reds Try to Stir Negroes to Revolt". The New York Times. January 28, 1919. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2010.

Coben, 234–35; "City under Guard against Red Plot Threatened Today". The New York Times. May 1, 1920. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

"Union Men Assail Palmer". The New York Times. May 4, 1920. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

timesmachine.nytimes.com

web.archive.org

"Senators Tell What Bolshevism in America Means". The New York Times. June 15, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2010.

"Bolshevism Bared by R. E. Simmons". The New York Times. February 18, 1919. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2010.

"Send Death Bombs to 36 U.S. Leaders" Archived 2020-04-27 at the Wayback Machine Chicago Tribune, May 1, 1919

"Boehner Was Martyr to Duty, Family of Watchman Believes". New York Tribune. June 4, 1919. p. 4. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2019.

"Patrolman Adolph F. Butterman". Officer Down Memorial Page. Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2020-10-25.

"Chicago Race Riot of 1919" Archived 2011-11-20 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 24, 2010.

"Reds Try to Stir Negroes to Revolt". The New York Times. January 28, 1919. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2010.

"Reds are Working among Negroes". The New York Times. October 19, 1919. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2010.

Pietrusza, 100; Foner, 100. See also "Bay State Governor Firm". The New York Times. September 15, 1919. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2010.

"Bill Provides Penal Colony in Philippines for Anarchists". The New York Times. October 25, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2010.

"Palmer to Enforce Law". The New York Times. November 1, 1919. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2010.

"Gompers Repeats Injunction Charge". The New York Times. November 23, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2010.

Coben, 181–183; "Miners Finally Agree". The New York Times. December 11, 1919. Archived from the original on May 5, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2010.

"'Ark' with 300 Reds Sails Early Today for Unnamed Port". The New York Times. December 21, 1919. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2010.

"Hundreds of Reds on Soviet 'Ark' Sail Soon for Europe". The New York Times. December 13, 1919. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2010.

"Hughes Upholds Socialists' Rights". The New York Times. January 10, 1920. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2010.

"Sweet Defends Assembly's Action. Smith Assails Assembly". The New York Times. January 11, 1920. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2010.

Cooper, 329–330. See also "Bar Association Upholds Socialists". The New York Times. January 13, 1920. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2010.

Toczek, Nick (2015). Haters, Baiters and Would-Be Dictators: Anti-Semitism and the UK Far Right. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317525875. Archived from the original on 2023-01-20. Retrieved 2020-10-25.

"Palmer for Stringent Law". The New York Times. November 16, 1919. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2010.

"Nation-Wide Plot to Kill High Officials on Red May Day Revealed by Palmer". The New York Times. April 30, 1920. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

Coben, 234–35; "City under Guard against Red Plot Threatened Today". The New York Times. May 1, 1920. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

"Union Men Assail Palmer". The New York Times. May 4, 1920. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

"To Put Down Terrorists". The New York Times. September 18, 1920. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2010.

Richard Yeselson (2015-12-30). "The Return of the 1920s". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2020-08-28. Retrieved 2017-11-03.

"Immigration Act of 1924". Densho Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2017-11-03.

First Red Scare (English Wikipedia)

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