Gruen 1995, pp. 88–89. "The conjoining of forces... postdates the inception of Caesar's consulship... only after [Caesar] was safely voted into the consulship would he move to effect reconciliation". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN0-520-02238-6.
Gruen 1995, p. 145. "Piso had the support of Caesar... more important, he was a man of substance in the oligarchy, regarded not a Caesarian, but as a leader of the boni... [Piso] encouraged Clodius' attacks and relished Pompey's difficulties". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN0-520-02238-6.
Gruen 1995, pp. 144–45. "Spinther seemed safe and reliable... [however] the hitherto pliable Lentulus Spinther proved to have ambitions of his own... he and others had managed the thwart the aims of Pompey". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN0-520-02238-6.
Gruen 1995, p. 146. "[Marcellinus'] colleague, Philippus, was more subdued and less conspicuous. He preferred to follow the lead of Marcellinus". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN0-520-02238-6.
Gruen 1995, p. 98. "It should no longer be necessary to refute the older notion that Clodius acted as agent or tool of the triumvirate". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN0-520-02238-6.
Gruen 1995, p. 450 n. 4, citing Vell. Pat. 2.47.2; Val. Max. 4.6.4; Lucan 1.98–120; Florus 2.13.13; Plut. Pomp. 53.4–7; Plut. Caes. 28.1; Dio 40.44.2–3. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN0-520-02238-6.
Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 131–32, explaining, "consuls had no recognised right of veto over legislation... nor was the mere lack of prior formal approval by the senate valid grounds for a veto... occasionally[, magistrates] did have to be reminded that the people, not the senate, held the power of decision over key issues of legislation and election, but on known occasions where this occurred, they swiftly conceded" (commas introduced). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID242729962.
Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 134–35, also dismissing reports from Plutarch that Pompey "filled the city with soldiers and controlled everything by violence" (Plut. Pomp. 48.1). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID242729962.
Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 140, dismissing Dio's claim that the senators were "enslaved to the multitude" (Dio 38.6.4) as rather reflecting senatorial deference to the clear will of the people. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID242729962.
Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 131–32, explaining, "consuls had no recognised right of veto over legislation... nor was the mere lack of prior formal approval by the senate valid grounds for a veto... occasionally[, magistrates] did have to be reminded that the people, not the senate, held the power of decision over key issues of legislation and election, but on known occasions where this occurred, they swiftly conceded" (commas introduced). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID242729962.
Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 134–35, also dismissing reports from Plutarch that Pompey "filled the city with soldiers and controlled everything by violence" (Plut. Pomp. 48.1). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID242729962.
Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 140, dismissing Dio's claim that the senators were "enslaved to the multitude" (Dio 38.6.4) as rather reflecting senatorial deference to the clear will of the people. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID242729962.
Drogula 2019, p. 109; Drogula 2019, p. 109 n. 26. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 119–20. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, p. 126 n. 82. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 131 (provoking Caesar), 129 (Cato's claims). Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, p. 132, citing Dio 38.4.3. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Wiseman 1992, p. 371; Drogula 2019, pp. 135–36. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH2 (1992), pp. 368–423. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, p. 137; Wiseman 1992, p. 372. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH2 (1992), pp. 368–423.
Drogula 2019, pp. 137–38. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, p. 188, adding that the tribune who cursed Crassus was later blamed for the disaster at Carrhae. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 187–88, 190. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 190–91. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 195–96. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 200–01. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 203–04. Note that Drogula references a "C. Domitius Calvinus", which is a typographical error; on the next page he mentions that the Calvinus implicated was the consul for 53 BC, who was Gnaeus Domitius. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, p. 203, adding, "the fluid nature of political alliance enabled this surprising [grouping] of optimates and supporters of the triumvirate, all – including Cato's brother in law – acting solely for their own interests and not for any political platform". Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 203–04. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, p. 207; Wiseman 1992, p. 405. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH2 (1992), pp. 368–423.
Drogula 2019, p. 208; Wiseman 1992, p. 405. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH2 (1992), pp. 368–423.
Drogula 2019, p. 209; Wiseman 1992, p. 407. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH2 (1992), pp. 368–423.
Drogula 2019, pp. 211–12. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108.
Drogula 2019, pp. 219–20; Wiseman 1992, p. 412. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH2 (1992), pp. 368–423.