References analysis of the Wikipedia article "First Triumvirate" in the English version

books.google.com

Flower 2010, p. 148. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.

Flower 2010, p. 88. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.

Flower 2010, p. 149. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. LCCN 2009004551.

See, eg, Goldsworthy 2006, pp. 164–65. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2006). Caesar: Life of a Colossus. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13919-8.

Gruen 1995, p. 87. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 86–87. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, pp. 87–88. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 89; Drogula 2019, p. 125. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Gruen 1995, p. 88. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Drogula 2019, p. 125; Gruen 1995, pp. 88 n. 18, 89 n. 20. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, pp. 88–89. "The conjoining of forces... postdates the inception of Caesar's consulship... only after [Caesar] was safely voted into the consulship would he move to effect reconciliation". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 89; Drogula 2019, p. 126. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Gruen 1995, pp. 89–90. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 89. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Mouritsen 2017, pp. 149, 150. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03188-3. OCLC 961266598.

Wiseman 1992, p. 372; Gruen 1995, p. 98. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 92. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 93. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 145. "Piso had the support of Caesar... more important, he was a man of substance in the oligarchy, regarded not a Caesarian, but as a leader of the boni... [Piso] encouraged Clodius' attacks and relished Pompey's difficulties". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 144, noting Gabinius defended Pompey from Clodius. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Mouritsen 2017, p. 157, describing Gabinius as "Pompey's man". Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03188-3. OCLC 961266598.

Gruen 1995, pp. 144–45. "Spinther seemed safe and reliable... [however] the hitherto pliable Lentulus Spinther proved to have ambitions of his own... he and others had managed the thwart the aims of Pompey". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 145, opposing Pompey due to divorce of Mucia. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 146, specifying opposition to Caesar and Pompey "with unrestrained vehemence". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 146. "[Marcellinus'] colleague, Philippus, was more subdued and less conspicuous. He preferred to follow the lead of Marcellinus". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, pp. 93–94. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 94. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 95. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 98. "It should no longer be necessary to refute the older notion that Clodius acted as agent or tool of the triumvirate". Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 100. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 145. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Tatum 2006, p. 202; Gruen 1995, p. 100; Wiseman 1992, p. 391. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423.

Gruen 1995, p. 146. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Mouritsen 2017, p. 77, citing, Cic. QFr. 2.3.4. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03188-3. OCLC 961266598.

Gruen 1995, p. 101. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Drogula 2019, p. 182 ("scuttle..."); Gruen 1995, p. 147 ("The triumviral combine was faced with political extinction."). Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 147. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 148. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 149; see also n. 119, dismissing the notion that Calvinus was supported by Caesar. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, pp. 149–50. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 152; Drogula 2019, p. 210. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 212; Gruen 1995, pp. 152, 154. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 154; Drogula 2019, pp. 218–19. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 200–01; Gruen 1995, p. 450. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 450 n. 4, citing Vell. Pat. 2.47.2; Val. Max. 4.6.4; Lucan 1.98–120; Florus 2.13.13; Plut. Pomp. 53.4–7; Plut. Caes. 28.1; Dio 40.44.2–3. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Eg Gruen 1995, p. 450; Drogula 2019, p. 200; Russell 2015. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Russell, Amy (30 June 2015). "Triumvirate, First". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah26425. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.

Drogula 2019, p. 218; Gruen 1995, p. 154. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 91. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 90, quoting Syme, Ronald (1939). Roman Revolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 35–36. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

Gruen 1995, p. 90. Gruen, Erich (1995) [1974]. Last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

doi.org

Cic. Att. 2.9.2, cited by Russell 2015. Russell, Amy (30 June 2015). "Triumvirate, First". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah26425. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.

Russell 2015. Russell, Amy (30 June 2015). "Triumvirate, First". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah26425. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 119–20. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Drogula 2019, pp. 109, 112; Russell 2015. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Russell, Amy (30 June 2015). "Triumvirate, First". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah26425. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.

Drogula 2019, p. 111; Russell 2015. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Russell, Amy (30 June 2015). "Triumvirate, First". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah26425. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.

Drogula 2019, p. 115; Russell 2015. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Russell, Amy (30 June 2015). "Triumvirate, First". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah26425. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 122. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 124. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 121–22. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 126, 129. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 124-25. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 130. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 131. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 131–32, explaining, "consuls had no recognised right of veto over legislation... nor was the mere lack of prior formal approval by the senate valid grounds for a veto... occasionally[, magistrates] did have to be reminded that the people, not the senate, held the power of decision over key issues of legislation and election, but on known occasions where this occurred, they swiftly conceded" (commas introduced). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 134–35, also dismissing reports from Plutarch that Pompey "filled the city with soldiers and controlled everything by violence" (Plut. Pomp. 48.1). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 137 n. 74; Broughton 1952, p. 189. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 136–37. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 138. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 140, dismissing Dio's claim that the senators were "enslaved to the multitude" (Dio 38.6.4) as rather reflecting senatorial deference to the clear will of the people. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 144 n. 108. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 145 (emphasis in original). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 142 et seq. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Gruen 1966, p. 122, pinpointing Caesar's reaction to Cicero's public lamentation of the "sad circumstances of contemporary public life" as the inciting incident in Caesar's ratification of Clodius' transitio ad plebem. This was early in the year; by April, Caesar was having second thoughts. Gruen 1966, p. 123. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 143 (Bibulus), 147 (dating to May). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 172–75, 177–78, 180. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 176. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 148. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 151. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 152. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 155. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 160. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 165–66. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 165. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 166–67. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 182. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 183. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 186. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Gruen 1966, pp. 122–23. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 124. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 125. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 125–27. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 127; Wiseman 1992, p. 380. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423.

Gruen 1966, p. 128. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 219–20, 221 (pacification). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 220–21. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 225. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 228. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 229. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 222. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 209. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Ramsey 2016, p. 299. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Ramsey 2016, p. 300; Drogula 2019, p. 211. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Ramsey 2016, p. 304. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Ramsey 2016, p. 300. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Ramsey 2016, p. 301. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Ramsey 2016, pp. 303–04. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Ramsey 2016, p. 303. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Drogula 2019, p. 215; Ramsey 2016, p. 313. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Ramsey, John T (2016). "How and why was Pompey Made Sole Consul in 52 BC?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 65 (3): 298–324. doi:10.25162/historia-2016-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 45019234. S2CID 252459421.

Drogula 2019, p. 233; Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 270. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 270. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 278. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 272–73. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 273–74. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 274–75. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 276–77. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 277. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 281. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 283. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 284–85. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 287. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 292, 297, 299. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 258–59, 259 ("the same cannot be said [not wanting civil war] of Caesar's bitterest enemies clustered around Cato"). Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

jstor.org

The traditional narrative is the senate assigned the consuls of 59 to forests and country paths (silvae callesque) to rob them of a profitable governorship. Others, such as Rhodes and Balsdon, have instead suggested the warrant was to defend Italy from northern invasion and defer assignment to later senatorial initiative. Rhodes 1978. Rhodes, P J (1978). "Silvae callesque". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 27 (4): 617–620. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435640.

Rhodes 1978, p. 620, noting assignment to the silvae callesque was "intended not... as a device to cheat Caesar... but as a token province which would satisfy the requirements of the law [the lex Sempronia de provinciis consularibus] [and] leave the senate free to delay a serious decision until the [threat] in Gaul had become clearer"; Drogula 2019, p. 121. Rhodes, P J (1978). "Silvae callesque". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 27 (4): 617–620. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435640. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Gruen 1966, pp. 122–23. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 124. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 125. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 125–27. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 128. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1969, p. 79. Gruen, Erich S (1969). "Pompey, the Roman Aristocracy, and the Conference of Luca". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 18 (1): 71–108. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435061.

Gruen 1969, p. 102. Gruen, Erich S (1969). "Pompey, the Roman Aristocracy, and the Conference of Luca". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 18 (1): 71–108. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435061.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 119–20. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 122. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 124. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 121–22. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 126, 129. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 124-25. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 130. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 131. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 136–37. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 138. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 144 n. 108. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 142 et seq. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 176. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 148. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 151. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 152. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 155. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 160. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 165–66. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 165. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 166–67. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 182. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 183. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 186. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 220–21. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 225. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 228. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 229. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 222. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 209. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 270. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 278. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 272–73. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 273–74. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 274–75. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, pp. 276–77. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 277. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 281. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 283. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 284–85. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

Morstein-Marx 2021, p. 287. Morstein-Marx, Robert (2021). Julius Caesar and the Roman People. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108943260. ISBN 978-1-108-94326-0. S2CID 242729962.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Beard 2015, p. 278. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: Liveright Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.

Drogula 2019, p. 109; Drogula 2019, p. 109 n. 26. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 109. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 111. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 107. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 113. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 114. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 115. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 117. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 119. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 119–20. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 120. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 121. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 126. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 126 n. 82. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 127. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Mouritsen 2017, pp. 149, 150. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03188-3. OCLC 961266598.

Drogula 2019, p. 129. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 130. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 131 (provoking Caesar), 129 (Cato's claims). Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 131. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 132, citing Dio 38.4.3. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Wiseman 1992, p. 371; Drogula 2019, pp. 135–36. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 137; Wiseman 1992, p. 372. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423.

Drogula 2019, p. 137. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 137–38. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 143. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Gruen 1966, pp. 122–23. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 124. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 125. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 125–27. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1966, p. 128. Gruen, Erich S (1966). "P. Clodius: Instrument or Independent Agent?". Phoenix. 20 (2): 120–130. doi:10.2307/1086053. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1086053.

Gruen 1969, p. 79. Gruen, Erich S (1969). "Pompey, the Roman Aristocracy, and the Conference of Luca". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 18 (1): 71–108. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435061.

Mouritsen 2017, p. 77, citing, Cic. QFr. 2.3.4. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03188-3. OCLC 961266598.

Drogula 2019, p. 175. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 176. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 177. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 181. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 182. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 188, adding that the tribune who cursed Crassus was later blamed for the disaster at Carrhae. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 187–88, 190. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Gruen 1969, p. 102. Gruen, Erich S (1969). "Pompey, the Roman Aristocracy, and the Conference of Luca". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 18 (1): 71–108. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435061.

Drogula 2019, p. 190. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 190–91. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 191. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 192. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 195. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 193. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 195–96. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 200. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 200–01. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 203–04. Note that Drogula references a "C. Domitius Calvinus", which is a typographical error; on the next page he mentions that the Calvinus implicated was the consul for 53 BC, who was Gnaeus Domitius. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 203, adding, "the fluid nature of political alliance enabled this surprising [grouping] of optimates and supporters of the triumvirate, all – including Cato's brother in law – acting solely for their own interests and not for any political platform". Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 203–04. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 207; Wiseman 1992, p. 405. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423.

Drogula 2019, p. 208; Wiseman 1992, p. 405. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423.

Drogula 2019, p. 209; Wiseman 1992, p. 407. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423.

Drogula 2019, p. 213. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 214. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 211–12. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, p. 218. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Drogula 2019, pp. 219–20; Wiseman 1992, p. 412. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108. Wiseman, TP. "Caesar, Pompey, and Rome, 59–50 BC". In CAH² (1992), pp. 368–423.

Drogula 2019, p. 223. Drogula, Fred K (2019). Cato the Younger: life and death at the end of the Roman republic. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-086902-1. OCLC 1090168108.

Beard 2015, p. 279. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: Liveright Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.

worldcat.org

First Triumvirate (English Wikipedia)

books.google.com

doi.org

journal.fi

jstor.org

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

oxfordre.com

perseus.org

data.perseus.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

worldcat.org