Flatulence (English Wikipedia)

ABC Southern Queensland: "Could skippy stop cows farting and end global warming?" February 3, 2006. Example of error. Although the article doesn't specify whether the methane is released by flatulence or eructation, it appears the headline-writer assumes it's through flatulence. Archived October 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

archive.org

Rubin JS, Joseph Brasco (2003). Restoring Your Digestive Health. Kensington Books. ISBN 978-0758202826.^{[page needed]}
Saint Augustine (1966). "Book XIV, XXIV". The City of God Against the Pagans (in Latin). Vol. IV. Translated by Levine P. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 389–391.

books.google.com

Mercer B (April 18, 2009). How Do You Light a Fart?: And 150 Other Essential Things Every Guy Should Know about Science. Adams Media. p. 71. ISBN 9781440519871. Retrieved October 2, 2014.^{[permanent dead link]}

cancer.org

"Colostomy Guide". January 4, 2006. Archived from the original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved September 10, 2007.

doi.org

Tangerman A (October 1, 2009). "Measurement and biological significance of the volatile sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide in various biological matrices". Journal of Chromatography B. 877 (28): 3366–77. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.026. PMID 19505855.
Wynne-Jones G (1975). "Flatus retention is the major factor in diverticular disease". Lancet. 2 (7927): 211–212. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90677-7. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 51965. S2CID 9443068.
Azpiroz F (July 1, 2005). "Intestinal gas dynamics: mechanisms and clinical relevance". Gut. 54 (7): 893–95. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.048868. PMC 1774596. PMID 15951528.
King TS, Elia, M, Hunter, JO (October 10, 1998). "Abnormal colonic fermentation in irritable bowel syndrome". The Lancet. 352 (9135): 1187–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02146-1. PMID 9777836. S2CID 1750363.
Czaja-Bulsa G (April 2015). "Non coeliac gluten sensitivity – A new disease with gluten intolerance". Clin Nutr (Review). 34 (2): 189–94. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.08.012. PMID 25245857.
Tomlin J, Lowis, C, Read, NW (June 1991). "Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers". Gut. 32 (6): 665–669. doi:10.1136/gut.32.6.665. PMC 1378885. PMID 1648028.
Hemmink GJ, Weusten, BL, Bredenoord, AJ, Timmer, R, Smout, AJ (October 2009). "Aerophagia: excessive air swallowing demonstrated by esophageal impedance monitoring". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 7 (10): 1127–29. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.06.029. PMID 19602452.
Levitt MD, Furne, J, Aeolus, MR, Suarez, FL (November 1998). "Evaluation of an extremely flatulent patient: case report and proposed diagnostic and therapeutic approach". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 93 (11): 2276–81. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00635.x. PMID 9820415. S2CID 20991299.
Suarez F, Furne, J, Springfield, J, Levitt, M (May 1997). "Insights into human colonic physiology obtained from the study of flatus composition". American Journal of Physiology. 272 (5 Pt 1): G1028–33. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.5.G1028. PMID 9176210.
Miller TL, Wolin MJ, de Macario EC, Macario AJ (1982). "Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human faeces". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 43 (1): 227–32. Bibcode:1982ApEnM..43..227M. doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.227-232.1982. PMC 241804. PMID 6798932.
Pimentel M, Robert P Gunsalus, Satish SC Rao, Husen Zhang (2012). "Methanogens in Human Health and Disease". The American Journal of Gastroenterology Supplements. 1 (1): 28–33. doi:10.1038/ajgsup.2012.6.
Suarez FL, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (July 1998). "Identification of gases responsible for the odour of human flatus and evaluation of a device purported to reduce this odour". Gut. 43 (1): 100–04. doi:10.1136/gut.43.1.100. PMC 1727181. PMID 9771412.
Read, M. G., Read, N. W. (1982). "Role of anorectal sensation in preserving continence". Gut. 23 (4): 345–47. doi:10.1136/gut.23.4.345. PMC 1419736. PMID 7076012.
Cavallari P, Bolzoni F, Esposti R, Bruttini C (September 27, 2017). "Cough-Anal Reflex May Be the Expression of a Pre-Programmed Postural Action". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 11 (475): 475. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00475. PMC 5624195. PMID 29021750.
Brecević L, Bosan-Kilibarda I, Strajnar F (1994). "Mechanism of antifoaming action of simethicone". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 14 (3): 207–11. doi:10.1002/jat.2550140311. PMID 8083482. S2CID 7453218.
Schmulson M, Chang, L (May 2011). "Review article: the treatment of functional abdominal bloating and distension". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 33 (10): 1071–86. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04637.x. PMID 21488913. S2CID 20718176.
Staudacher HM, Whelan, K, Irving, PM, Lomer, MC (October 2011). "Comparison of symptom response following advice for a diet low in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) versus standard dietary advice in patients with irritable bowel syndrome". Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 24 (5): 487–95. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01162.x. PMID 21615553.
Di Stefano M, Strocchi A, Malservisi S, Veneto G, Ferrieri A, Corazza GR (2000). "Non-absorbable antibiotics for managing intestinal gas production and gas-related symptoms". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 14 (8): 1001–08. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00808.x. PMID 10930893. S2CID 19613386.
Suarez F, Furne J, Springfield J, Levitt M (1998). "Bismuth subsalicylate markedly decreases hydrogen sulfide release in the human colon". Gastroenterology. 114 (5): 923–29. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(98)81700-9. PMID 9558280.
Levitt MD, Springfield, J, Furne, J, Koenig, T, Suarez, FL (April 2002). "Physiology of sulfide in the rat colon: use of bismuth to assess colonic sulfide production". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (4): 1655–60. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00907.2001. PMID 11896034. S2CID 37217656.
Ohge H, Furne, JK, Springfield, J, Sueda, T, Madoff, RD, Levitt, MD (November 7, 2003). "The effect of antibiotics and bismuth on fecal hydrogen sulfide and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rat". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 228 (1): 137–42. doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00748-1. PMID 14612249.
Furne JK, Suarez, FL, Ewing, SL, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (July 2000). "Binding of hydrogen sulfide by bismuth does not prevent dextran sulfate-induced colitis in rats". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 45 (7): 1439–43. doi:10.1023/A:1005580709390. PMID 10961726. S2CID 740767.
Gordon MF, Abrams, RI, Rubin, DB, Barr, WB, Correa, DD (March 1995). "Bismuth subsalicylate toxicity as a cause of prolonged encephalopathy with myoclonus". Movement Disorders. 10 (2): 220–22. doi:10.1002/mds.870100215. PMID 7753066. S2CID 11723220.
Suarez FL, Furne, J, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (January 1999). "Failure of activated charcoal to reduce the release of gases produced by the colonic flora". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 94 (1): 208–12. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00798.x. PMID 9934757. S2CID 20729051.
Potter T, Ellis, C, Levitt, M (March 1985). "Activated charcoal: in vivo and in vitro studies of effect on gas formation". Gastroenterology. 88 (3): 620–24. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(85)90129-5. PMID 3917957.
Giffard CJ, Collins, SB, Stoodley, NC, Butterwick, RF, Batt, RM (March 15, 2001). "Administration of charcoal, Yucca schidigera, and zinc acetate to reduce malodorous flatulence in dogs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 218 (6): 892–96. doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.892. PMID 11294313.

flat-d.com

"About the Inventor". Flat-D Innovations Inc. Retrieved September 10, 2007.

flatology.com

Brain M (October 8, 2020). "Bimodal Farts". The Invisible College of Experimental Flatology.

gastrotraining.com

"Flatus tube". Gastro Training. Retrieved April 3, 2016.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Miller TL, Wolin MJ, de Macario EC, Macario AJ (1982). "Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human faeces". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 43 (1): 227–32. Bibcode:1982ApEnM..43..227M. doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.227-232.1982. PMC 241804. PMID 6798932.

imdb.com

Hewitt P (May 24, 2002), Thunderpants (Comedy, Family, Sci-Fi), CP Medien AG, Mission Pictures, Pathé Pictures International, retrieved September 8, 2022

improb.com

"The 2001 Ig Nobel Prize Winners". Archived from the original on February 25, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010.

jstor.org

Flanagan PA (1992). "Giardia – diagnosis, clinical course and epidemiology: A review". Epidemiology and Infection. 109 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 3863897. PMC 2272232. PMID 1499664.

maravipost.com

Joe Chibewa (February 4, 2011). "Chaponda: Oops I goofed, you can fart!". Marevi Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 2, 2011.

medicalnewstoday.com

"Flatulence: Causes, remedies, and complications". Medical News Today. Retrieved April 17, 2018.

menshealth.com

Shiffer EJ (January 2, 2018). "Fart Noises: Why Some Farts Are Silent and Others Are Loud". Men's Health. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
Millard E (November 10, 2017). "Why You Like the Smell Of Your Own Farts". www.menshealth.com. Men's Health. Retrieved September 3, 2021.

merriam-webster.com

"Medical Dictionary: Flatus". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved August 24, 2015.

mycattle.com

"Bovine belching called udderly serious gas problem – Global warming concerns spur effort to cut methane." Archived August 13, 2004, at the Wayback Machine By Gary Polakovic. Los Angeles Times, July 13, 2003.

myway.com

reuters.myway.com

"Study shows secret to gas-free beans". April 26, 2006. Archived from the original on May 2, 2006. Retrieved September 10, 2007.

nationalgeographic.com

Engelhaupt E (September 30, 2015). "People Sometimes Like Stinky Things—Here's Why". Nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2021.

nbcnews.com

'Let your flatulence fly, scientists urge passengers', retrieved 7 March 2023, based upon Flatulence on airplanes: just let it go

newscientist.com

Nowak R (September 24, 2004). "Burp vaccine cuts greenhouse gas". New Scientist.

nhs.uk

"Flatulence". NHS. December 12, 2017.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tangerman A (October 1, 2009). "Measurement and biological significance of the volatile sulfur compounds hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide in various biological matrices". Journal of Chromatography B. 877 (28): 3366–77. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.026. PMID 19505855.
Wynne-Jones G (1975). "Flatus retention is the major factor in diverticular disease". Lancet. 2 (7927): 211–212. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90677-7. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 51965. S2CID 9443068.
'Let your flatulence fly, scientists urge passengers', retrieved 7 March 2023, based upon Flatulence on airplanes: just let it go
Azpiroz F (July 1, 2005). "Intestinal gas dynamics: mechanisms and clinical relevance". Gut. 54 (7): 893–95. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.048868. PMC 1774596. PMID 15951528.
King TS, Elia, M, Hunter, JO (October 10, 1998). "Abnormal colonic fermentation in irritable bowel syndrome". The Lancet. 352 (9135): 1187–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02146-1. PMID 9777836. S2CID 1750363.
Bailey J, Carter, NJ, Neher, JO (June 15, 2009). "FPIN's Clinical Inquiries: Effective management of flatulence". American Family Physician. 79 (12): 1098–100. PMID 19530642.
Czaja-Bulsa G (April 2015). "Non coeliac gluten sensitivity – A new disease with gluten intolerance". Clin Nutr (Review). 34 (2): 189–94. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.08.012. PMID 25245857.
Flanagan PA (1992). "Giardia – diagnosis, clinical course and epidemiology: A review". Epidemiology and Infection. 109 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 3863897. PMC 2272232. PMID 1499664.
Tomlin J, Lowis, C, Read, NW (June 1991). "Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers". Gut. 32 (6): 665–669. doi:10.1136/gut.32.6.665. PMC 1378885. PMID 1648028.
Hemmink GJ, Weusten, BL, Bredenoord, AJ, Timmer, R, Smout, AJ (October 2009). "Aerophagia: excessive air swallowing demonstrated by esophageal impedance monitoring". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 7 (10): 1127–29. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.06.029. PMID 19602452.
Levitt MD, Furne, J, Aeolus, MR, Suarez, FL (November 1998). "Evaluation of an extremely flatulent patient: case report and proposed diagnostic and therapeutic approach". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 93 (11): 2276–81. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00635.x. PMID 9820415. S2CID 20991299.
Suarez F, Furne, J, Springfield, J, Levitt, M (May 1997). "Insights into human colonic physiology obtained from the study of flatus composition". American Journal of Physiology. 272 (5 Pt 1): G1028–33. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.5.G1028. PMID 9176210.
Miller TL, Wolin MJ, de Macario EC, Macario AJ (1982). "Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human faeces". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 43 (1): 227–32. Bibcode:1982ApEnM..43..227M. doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.227-232.1982. PMC 241804. PMID 6798932.
Suarez FL, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (July 1998). "Identification of gases responsible for the odour of human flatus and evaluation of a device purported to reduce this odour". Gut. 43 (1): 100–04. doi:10.1136/gut.43.1.100. PMC 1727181. PMID 9771412.
Read, M. G., Read, N. W. (1982). "Role of anorectal sensation in preserving continence". Gut. 23 (4): 345–47. doi:10.1136/gut.23.4.345. PMC 1419736. PMID 7076012.
Cavallari P, Bolzoni F, Esposti R, Bruttini C (September 27, 2017). "Cough-Anal Reflex May Be the Expression of a Pre-Programmed Postural Action". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 11 (475): 475. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00475. PMC 5624195. PMID 29021750.
Brecević L, Bosan-Kilibarda I, Strajnar F (1994). "Mechanism of antifoaming action of simethicone". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 14 (3): 207–11. doi:10.1002/jat.2550140311. PMID 8083482. S2CID 7453218.
Schmulson M, Chang, L (May 2011). "Review article: the treatment of functional abdominal bloating and distension". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 33 (10): 1071–86. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04637.x. PMID 21488913. S2CID 20718176.
Staudacher HM, Whelan, K, Irving, PM, Lomer, MC (October 2011). "Comparison of symptom response following advice for a diet low in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) versus standard dietary advice in patients with irritable bowel syndrome". Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 24 (5): 487–95. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01162.x. PMID 21615553.
Ganiats TG, Norcross WA, Halverson AL, Burford PA, Palinkas LA (1994). "Does Beano prevent gas? A double-blind crossover study of oral alpha-galactosidase to treat dietary oligosaccharide intolerance". The Journal of Family Practice. 39 (5): 441–45. PMID 7964541.
Di Stefano M, Strocchi A, Malservisi S, Veneto G, Ferrieri A, Corazza GR (2000). "Non-absorbable antibiotics for managing intestinal gas production and gas-related symptoms". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 14 (8): 1001–08. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00808.x. PMID 10930893. S2CID 19613386.
Suarez F, Furne J, Springfield J, Levitt M (1998). "Bismuth subsalicylate markedly decreases hydrogen sulfide release in the human colon". Gastroenterology. 114 (5): 923–29. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(98)81700-9. PMID 9558280.
Levitt MD, Springfield, J, Furne, J, Koenig, T, Suarez, FL (April 2002). "Physiology of sulfide in the rat colon: use of bismuth to assess colonic sulfide production". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (4): 1655–60. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00907.2001. PMID 11896034. S2CID 37217656.
Ohge H, Furne, JK, Springfield, J, Sueda, T, Madoff, RD, Levitt, MD (November 7, 2003). "The effect of antibiotics and bismuth on fecal hydrogen sulfide and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rat". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 228 (1): 137–42. doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00748-1. PMID 14612249.
Furne JK, Suarez, FL, Ewing, SL, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (July 2000). "Binding of hydrogen sulfide by bismuth does not prevent dextran sulfate-induced colitis in rats". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 45 (7): 1439–43. doi:10.1023/A:1005580709390. PMID 10961726. S2CID 740767.
Gordon MF, Abrams, RI, Rubin, DB, Barr, WB, Correa, DD (March 1995). "Bismuth subsalicylate toxicity as a cause of prolonged encephalopathy with myoclonus". Movement Disorders. 10 (2): 220–22. doi:10.1002/mds.870100215. PMID 7753066. S2CID 11723220.
Suarez FL, Furne, J, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (January 1999). "Failure of activated charcoal to reduce the release of gases produced by the colonic flora". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 94 (1): 208–12. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00798.x. PMID 9934757. S2CID 20729051.
Potter T, Ellis, C, Levitt, M (March 1985). "Activated charcoal: in vivo and in vitro studies of effect on gas formation". Gastroenterology. 88 (3): 620–24. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(85)90129-5. PMID 3917957.
Giffard CJ, Collins, SB, Stoodley, NC, Butterwick, RF, Batt, RM (March 15, 2001). "Administration of charcoal, Yucca schidigera, and zinc acetate to reduce malodorous flatulence in dogs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 218 (6): 892–96. doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.892. PMID 11294313.
Hall RG J, Thompson, H, Strother, A (March 1981). "Effects of orally administered activated charcoal on intestinal gas". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 75 (3): 192–96. PMID 7015846.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Azpiroz F (July 1, 2005). "Intestinal gas dynamics: mechanisms and clinical relevance". Gut. 54 (7): 893–95. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.048868. PMC 1774596. PMID 15951528.
Flanagan PA (1992). "Giardia – diagnosis, clinical course and epidemiology: A review". Epidemiology and Infection. 109 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 3863897. PMC 2272232. PMID 1499664.
Tomlin J, Lowis, C, Read, NW (June 1991). "Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers". Gut. 32 (6): 665–669. doi:10.1136/gut.32.6.665. PMC 1378885. PMID 1648028.
Miller TL, Wolin MJ, de Macario EC, Macario AJ (1982). "Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human faeces". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 43 (1): 227–32. Bibcode:1982ApEnM..43..227M. doi:10.1128/AEM.43.1.227-232.1982. PMC 241804. PMID 6798932.
Suarez FL, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (July 1998). "Identification of gases responsible for the odour of human flatus and evaluation of a device purported to reduce this odour". Gut. 43 (1): 100–04. doi:10.1136/gut.43.1.100. PMC 1727181. PMID 9771412.
Read, M. G., Read, N. W. (1982). "Role of anorectal sensation in preserving continence". Gut. 23 (4): 345–47. doi:10.1136/gut.23.4.345. PMC 1419736. PMID 7076012.
Cavallari P, Bolzoni F, Esposti R, Bruttini C (September 27, 2017). "Cough-Anal Reflex May Be the Expression of a Pre-Programmed Postural Action". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 11 (475): 475. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00475. PMC 5624195. PMID 29021750.

niddk.nih.gov

"Gas in the Digestive Tract". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on August 13, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2015.

o-wm.com

Turnbull G (2005). "The Ostomy Files:The Issue of Oral Medications and a Fecal Ostomy". Ostomy Wound Management. 51: 14–16. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.

oxforddictionaries.com

en.oxforddictionaries.com

"trump". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017.

paleoleap.com

"Paleo Foods: Brassicas (and not Just the Ones you Know) | Paleo Leap". Paleo Leap | Paleo diet Recipes & Tips. September 14, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2018.

pennlive.com

Fishlock, Diana (June 8, 2011). "Penn State professor's essay on farting takes the prize". The Patriot-News. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Retrieved December 28, 2011. Trevor Blank [...] found Pennsylvania boys playing "Safety," a farting game, the same as Blank had as a kid in Maryland, and the same game John Bourke documented in the 1890s, when it was called "Touch Wood." Basically, a boy who farts must say "Safety" or touch wood before his friends say another key phrase. If not, they're allowed to punch him. (It usually is boys who make farting a game or a weapon.)

sciencehistory.org

Kean S (2018). "Tummy Trouble". Distillations. 4 (1). Science History Institute: 5. Retrieved June 26, 2018.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Wynne-Jones G (1975). "Flatus retention is the major factor in diverticular disease". Lancet. 2 (7927): 211–212. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90677-7. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 51965. S2CID 9443068.
King TS, Elia, M, Hunter, JO (October 10, 1998). "Abnormal colonic fermentation in irritable bowel syndrome". The Lancet. 352 (9135): 1187–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02146-1. PMID 9777836. S2CID 1750363.
Levitt MD, Furne, J, Aeolus, MR, Suarez, FL (November 1998). "Evaluation of an extremely flatulent patient: case report and proposed diagnostic and therapeutic approach". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 93 (11): 2276–81. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00635.x. PMID 9820415. S2CID 20991299.
Brecević L, Bosan-Kilibarda I, Strajnar F (1994). "Mechanism of antifoaming action of simethicone". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 14 (3): 207–11. doi:10.1002/jat.2550140311. PMID 8083482. S2CID 7453218.
Schmulson M, Chang, L (May 2011). "Review article: the treatment of functional abdominal bloating and distension". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 33 (10): 1071–86. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04637.x. PMID 21488913. S2CID 20718176.
Di Stefano M, Strocchi A, Malservisi S, Veneto G, Ferrieri A, Corazza GR (2000). "Non-absorbable antibiotics for managing intestinal gas production and gas-related symptoms". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 14 (8): 1001–08. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00808.x. PMID 10930893. S2CID 19613386.
Levitt MD, Springfield, J, Furne, J, Koenig, T, Suarez, FL (April 2002). "Physiology of sulfide in the rat colon: use of bismuth to assess colonic sulfide production". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (4): 1655–60. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00907.2001. PMID 11896034. S2CID 37217656.
Furne JK, Suarez, FL, Ewing, SL, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (July 2000). "Binding of hydrogen sulfide by bismuth does not prevent dextran sulfate-induced colitis in rats". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 45 (7): 1439–43. doi:10.1023/A:1005580709390. PMID 10961726. S2CID 740767.
Gordon MF, Abrams, RI, Rubin, DB, Barr, WB, Correa, DD (March 1995). "Bismuth subsalicylate toxicity as a cause of prolonged encephalopathy with myoclonus". Movement Disorders. 10 (2): 220–22. doi:10.1002/mds.870100215. PMID 7753066. S2CID 11723220.
Suarez FL, Furne, J, Springfield, J, Levitt, MD (January 1999). "Failure of activated charcoal to reduce the release of gases produced by the colonic flora". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 94 (1): 208–12. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00798.x. PMID 9934757. S2CID 20729051.

soranews24.com

soranews.com, retrieved 19 February 2023.

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patft.uspto.gov

Weimer C (January 14, 1997). "Protective underwear with malodorous flatus filter". Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2007.
Conant BJ, Myra M. Conant (November 6, 2001). "Flatulence deodorizer". Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2007.

web.archive.org

"trump". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017.
"Gas in the Digestive Tract". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on August 13, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
"Study shows secret to gas-free beans". April 26, 2006. Archived from the original on May 2, 2006. Retrieved September 10, 2007.
Turnbull G (2005). "The Ostomy Files:The Issue of Oral Medications and a Fecal Ostomy". Ostomy Wound Management. 51: 14–16. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
"Colostomy Guide". January 4, 2006. Archived from the original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved September 10, 2007.
Weimer C (January 14, 1997). "Protective underwear with malodorous flatus filter". Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved July 27, 2007.
"The 2001 Ig Nobel Prize Winners". Archived from the original on February 25, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
Conant BJ, Myra M. Conant (November 6, 2001). "Flatulence deodorizer". Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2007.
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