Forward head posture (English Wikipedia)

Fernandez-De-Las-Penas, Cesar; Alonso-Blanco, Cristina; Cuadrado, Maria Luz; Gerwin, Robert D.; Pareja, Juan A. (2006). "Trigger Points in the Suboccipital Muscles and Forward Head Posture in Tension-Type Headache". Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 46 (3): 454–460. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00288.x. PMID 16618263. S2CID 12973647.
Soueid, A.; Oudit, D.; Thiagarajah, S.; Laitung, G. (2010). "The pain of surgery: Pain experienced by surgeons while operating". International Journal of Surgery (London, England). 8 (2): 118–20. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2009.11.008. PMID 19944192.
Mussi, G.; Gouveia, N. (2008). "Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilian hairdressers". Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England). 58 (5): 367–9. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqn047. PMID 18467336.
Mahmoud, Nesreen Fawzy; Hassan, Karima A.; Abdelmajeed, Salwa F.; Moustafa, Ibraheem M.; Silva, Anabela G. (2019). "The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 12 (4): 562–577. doi:10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y. PMC 6942109. PMID 31773477.
Mujawar, Junaid Chandsaheb; Sagar, Javid Hussain (2019). "Prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome in Laundry Workers". Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 23 (1): 54–56. doi:10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_169_18. ISSN 0973-2284. PMC 6477943. PMID 31040591.
Hoy, D. G.; Protani, M.; De, R.; Buchbinder, R. (2010). "The epidemiology of neck pain". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 24 (6): 783–92. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2011.01.019. PMID 21665126.
Bogduk, N.; Govind, J. (2009). "Cervicogenic headache: An assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment". The Lancet. Neurology. 8 (10): 959–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70209-1. PMID 19747657. S2CID 206158919.
Jackson, R. (2010). "The Classic: The Cervical Syndrome". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 468 (7): 1739–1745. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1278-8. PMC 2881998. PMID 20177837.
E, Gustafsson; S, Thomée; A, Grimby-Ekman; M, Hagberg (2017). "Texting on Mobile Phones and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Young Adults: A Five-Year Cohort Study". Applied Ergonomics. 58: 208–214. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.012. PMID 27633215.
Fares, Jawad; Fares, Mohamad Y.; Fares, Youssef (2017-05-10). "Musculoskeletal neck pain in children and adolescents: Risk factors and complications". Surgical Neurology International. 8: 72. doi:10.4103/sni.sni_445_16. ISSN 2229-5097. PMC 5445652. PMID 28584675.
Smedley, J.; Inskip, H.; Trevelyan, F.; Buckle, P.; Cooper, C.; Coggon, D. (1 November 2003). "Risk factors for incident neck and shoulder pain in hospital nurses". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60 (11): 864–869. doi:10.1136/oem.60.11.864. ISSN 1351-0711. PMC 1740408. PMID 14573717.
Haukka, Eija; Leino-Arjas, Päivi; Solovieva, Svetlana; Ranta, Riikka; Viikari-Juntura, Eira; Riihimäki, Hilkka (2006). "Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among female kitchen workers". International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 80 (2): 141–148. Bibcode:2006IAOEH..80..141H. doi:10.1007/s00420-006-0113-8. PMID 16688464. S2CID 25071246.
Erick, Patience N.; Smith, Derek R. (2011). "A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 12: 260. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-260. PMC 3250950. PMID 22087739.
Niemi, S. M.; Levoska, S.; Rekola, K. E.; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (1997). "Neck and shoulder symptoms of high school students and associated psychosocial factors". The Journal of Adolescent Health. 20 (3): 238–42. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00219-4. PMID 9069025.
Hakala, Paula T.; Saarni, Lea A.; Punamäki, Raija-Leena; Wallenius, Marjut A.; Nygård, Clas-Håkan; Rimpelä, Arja H. (2012). "Musculoskeletal symptoms and computer use among Finnish adolescents – pain intensity and inconvenience to everyday life: A cross-sectional study". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 13: 41. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-13-41. PMC 3348031. PMID 22439805.
Fejer, R.; Kyvik, K. O.; Hartvigsen, J. (2006). "The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: A systematic critical review of the literature". European Spine Journal. 15 (6): 834–48. doi:10.1007/s00586-004-0864-4. PMC 3489448. PMID 15999284.
Côté, P.; Cassidy, J. D.; Carroll, L. (1998). "The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey. The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults". Spine. 23 (15): 1689–98. doi:10.1097/00007632-199808010-00015. PMID 9704377. S2CID 20305739.
Bogduk, N.; Govind, J. (2009). "Cervicogenic headache: An assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment". The Lancet. Neurology. 8 (10): 959–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70209-1. PMID 19747657. S2CID 206158919.
Chu, Chun-Pu Eric (18 January 2022). "Preventing the progression of text neck in a young man: A case report". Radiology Case Reports. 17 (3): 978–982. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.12.053. PMC 8784282. PMID 35106108. S2CID 246441560.
Chu, ECP (2021). "Alleviating cervical radiculopathy by manipulative correction of reversed cervical lordosis". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 10 (11): 4303–4306. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_648_21. PMC 8797131. PMID 35136807. S2CID 246649676.
Edmondston, SJ; Wallumrød, ME; Macléid, F; Kvamme, LS; Joebges, S; Brabham, GC (June 2008). "Reliability of isometric muscle endurance tests in subjects with postural neck pain" (PDF). Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 31 (5): 348–54. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.04.010. PMID 18558277.
Cleland, J. A.; Childs, J. D.; McRae, M.; Palmer, J. A.; Stowell, T. (2005). "Immediate effects of thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial". Manual Therapy. 10 (2): 127–35. doi:10.1016/j.math.2004.08.005. PMID 15922233. S2CID 31728219.

fileday.ir

Edmondston, SJ; Wallumrød, ME; Macléid, F; Kvamme, LS; Joebges, S; Brabham, GC (June 2008). "Reliability of isometric muscle endurance tests in subjects with postural neck pain" (PDF). Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 31 (5): 348–54. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.04.010. PMID 18558277.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Haukka, Eija; Leino-Arjas, Päivi; Solovieva, Svetlana; Ranta, Riikka; Viikari-Juntura, Eira; Riihimäki, Hilkka (2006). "Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among female kitchen workers". International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 80 (2): 141–148. Bibcode:2006IAOEH..80..141H. doi:10.1007/s00420-006-0113-8. PMID 16688464. S2CID 25071246.

healingartsce.com

“Evidence-Based Practice in the Treatment of Neck Pain” Archived 2017-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, Healing Arts Continuing Education, 2010
"Evidence-Based Practice in the Treatment of Neck Pain" Archived 2017-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, Healing Arts Continuing Education, 2010

medicinenet.com

"Definition of Dowager's hump"^{[permanent dead link]}, Medterms Medical Dictionary, Retrieved 24 January 2017

motamem.org

Hansraj, Kenneth (2014). "Assessment of Stresses in the Cervical Spine Caused by Posture and Position of the Head" (PDF). Neuro and Spine Surgery - Surgical Technology International. 25: 277–9. PMID 25393825.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fernandez-De-Las-Penas, Cesar; Alonso-Blanco, Cristina; Cuadrado, Maria Luz; Gerwin, Robert D.; Pareja, Juan A. (2006). "Trigger Points in the Suboccipital Muscles and Forward Head Posture in Tension-Type Headache". Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 46 (3): 454–460. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00288.x. PMID 16618263. S2CID 12973647.
Soueid, A.; Oudit, D.; Thiagarajah, S.; Laitung, G. (2010). "The pain of surgery: Pain experienced by surgeons while operating". International Journal of Surgery (London, England). 8 (2): 118–20. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2009.11.008. PMID 19944192.
Mussi, G.; Gouveia, N. (2008). "Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilian hairdressers". Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England). 58 (5): 367–9. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqn047. PMID 18467336.
Mahmoud, Nesreen Fawzy; Hassan, Karima A.; Abdelmajeed, Salwa F.; Moustafa, Ibraheem M.; Silva, Anabela G. (2019). "The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 12 (4): 562–577. doi:10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y. PMC 6942109. PMID 31773477.
Mujawar, Junaid Chandsaheb; Sagar, Javid Hussain (2019). "Prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome in Laundry Workers". Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 23 (1): 54–56. doi:10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_169_18. ISSN 0973-2284. PMC 6477943. PMID 31040591.
Hoy, D. G.; Protani, M.; De, R.; Buchbinder, R. (2010). "The epidemiology of neck pain". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 24 (6): 783–92. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2011.01.019. PMID 21665126.
Hansraj, K. K. (2014). "Assessment of stresses in the cervical spine caused by posture and position of the head". Surgical Technology International. 25: 277–9. PMID 25393825.
Bogduk, N.; Govind, J. (2009). "Cervicogenic headache: An assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment". The Lancet. Neurology. 8 (10): 959–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70209-1. PMID 19747657. S2CID 206158919.
Page, P. (2011). "Cervicogenic Headaches: An Evidence-Led Approach to Clinical Management". International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 6 (3): 254–266. PMC 3201065. PMID 22034615.
Jackson, R. (2010). "The Classic: The Cervical Syndrome". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 468 (7): 1739–1745. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1278-8. PMC 2881998. PMID 20177837.
Hansraj, Kenneth (2014). "Assessment of Stresses in the Cervical Spine Caused by Posture and Position of the Head" (PDF). Neuro and Spine Surgery - Surgical Technology International. 25: 277–9. PMID 25393825.
E, Gustafsson; S, Thomée; A, Grimby-Ekman; M, Hagberg (2017). "Texting on Mobile Phones and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Young Adults: A Five-Year Cohort Study". Applied Ergonomics. 58: 208–214. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.06.012. PMID 27633215.
Fares, Jawad; Fares, Mohamad Y.; Fares, Youssef (2017-05-10). "Musculoskeletal neck pain in children and adolescents: Risk factors and complications". Surgical Neurology International. 8: 72. doi:10.4103/sni.sni_445_16. ISSN 2229-5097. PMC 5445652. PMID 28584675.
Smedley, J.; Inskip, H.; Trevelyan, F.; Buckle, P.; Cooper, C.; Coggon, D. (1 November 2003). "Risk factors for incident neck and shoulder pain in hospital nurses". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60 (11): 864–869. doi:10.1136/oem.60.11.864. ISSN 1351-0711. PMC 1740408. PMID 14573717.
Haukka, Eija; Leino-Arjas, Päivi; Solovieva, Svetlana; Ranta, Riikka; Viikari-Juntura, Eira; Riihimäki, Hilkka (2006). "Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among female kitchen workers". International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 80 (2): 141–148. Bibcode:2006IAOEH..80..141H. doi:10.1007/s00420-006-0113-8. PMID 16688464. S2CID 25071246.
Erick, Patience N.; Smith, Derek R. (2011). "A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 12: 260. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-260. PMC 3250950. PMID 22087739.
Niemi, S. M.; Levoska, S.; Rekola, K. E.; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (1997). "Neck and shoulder symptoms of high school students and associated psychosocial factors". The Journal of Adolescent Health. 20 (3): 238–42. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00219-4. PMID 9069025.
Hakala, Paula T.; Saarni, Lea A.; Punamäki, Raija-Leena; Wallenius, Marjut A.; Nygård, Clas-Håkan; Rimpelä, Arja H. (2012). "Musculoskeletal symptoms and computer use among Finnish adolescents – pain intensity and inconvenience to everyday life: A cross-sectional study". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 13: 41. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-13-41. PMC 3348031. PMID 22439805.
Fejer, R.; Kyvik, K. O.; Hartvigsen, J. (2006). "The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: A systematic critical review of the literature". European Spine Journal. 15 (6): 834–48. doi:10.1007/s00586-004-0864-4. PMC 3489448. PMID 15999284.
Côté, P.; Cassidy, J. D.; Carroll, L. (1998). "The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey. The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults". Spine. 23 (15): 1689–98. doi:10.1097/00007632-199808010-00015. PMID 9704377. S2CID 20305739.
Hansraj, K. K. (2014). "Assessment of stresses in the cervical spine caused by posture and position of the head". Surgical Technology International. 25: 277–9. PMID 25393825.
Bogduk, N.; Govind, J. (2009). "Cervicogenic headache: An assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment". The Lancet. Neurology. 8 (10): 959–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70209-1. PMID 19747657. S2CID 206158919.
Chu, Chun-Pu Eric (18 January 2022). "Preventing the progression of text neck in a young man: A case report". Radiology Case Reports. 17 (3): 978–982. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.12.053. PMC 8784282. PMID 35106108. S2CID 246441560.
Chu, ECP (2021). "Alleviating cervical radiculopathy by manipulative correction of reversed cervical lordosis". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 10 (11): 4303–4306. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_648_21. PMC 8797131. PMID 35136807. S2CID 246649676.
Edmondston, SJ; Wallumrød, ME; Macléid, F; Kvamme, LS; Joebges, S; Brabham, GC (June 2008). "Reliability of isometric muscle endurance tests in subjects with postural neck pain" (PDF). Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 31 (5): 348–54. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.04.010. PMID 18558277.
Cleland, J. A.; Childs, J. D.; McRae, M.; Palmer, J. A.; Stowell, T. (2005). "Immediate effects of thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial". Manual Therapy. 10 (2): 127–35. doi:10.1016/j.math.2004.08.005. PMID 15922233. S2CID 31728219.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mahmoud, Nesreen Fawzy; Hassan, Karima A.; Abdelmajeed, Salwa F.; Moustafa, Ibraheem M.; Silva, Anabela G. (2019). "The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 12 (4): 562–577. doi:10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y. PMC 6942109. PMID 31773477.
Mujawar, Junaid Chandsaheb; Sagar, Javid Hussain (2019). "Prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome in Laundry Workers". Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 23 (1): 54–56. doi:10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_169_18. ISSN 0973-2284. PMC 6477943. PMID 31040591.
Page, P. (2011). "Cervicogenic Headaches: An Evidence-Led Approach to Clinical Management". International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 6 (3): 254–266. PMC 3201065. PMID 22034615.
Jackson, R. (2010). "The Classic: The Cervical Syndrome". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 468 (7): 1739–1745. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1278-8. PMC 2881998. PMID 20177837.
Fares, Jawad; Fares, Mohamad Y.; Fares, Youssef (2017-05-10). "Musculoskeletal neck pain in children and adolescents: Risk factors and complications". Surgical Neurology International. 8: 72. doi:10.4103/sni.sni_445_16. ISSN 2229-5097. PMC 5445652. PMID 28584675.
Smedley, J.; Inskip, H.; Trevelyan, F.; Buckle, P.; Cooper, C.; Coggon, D. (1 November 2003). "Risk factors for incident neck and shoulder pain in hospital nurses". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60 (11): 864–869. doi:10.1136/oem.60.11.864. ISSN 1351-0711. PMC 1740408. PMID 14573717.
Erick, Patience N.; Smith, Derek R. (2011). "A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 12: 260. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-260. PMC 3250950. PMID 22087739.
Hakala, Paula T.; Saarni, Lea A.; Punamäki, Raija-Leena; Wallenius, Marjut A.; Nygård, Clas-Håkan; Rimpelä, Arja H. (2012). "Musculoskeletal symptoms and computer use among Finnish adolescents – pain intensity and inconvenience to everyday life: A cross-sectional study". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 13: 41. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-13-41. PMC 3348031. PMID 22439805.
Fejer, R.; Kyvik, K. O.; Hartvigsen, J. (2006). "The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: A systematic critical review of the literature". European Spine Journal. 15 (6): 834–48. doi:10.1007/s00586-004-0864-4. PMC 3489448. PMID 15999284.
Chu, Chun-Pu Eric (18 January 2022). "Preventing the progression of text neck in a young man: A case report". Radiology Case Reports. 17 (3): 978–982. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.12.053. PMC 8784282. PMID 35106108. S2CID 246441560.
Chu, ECP (2021). "Alleviating cervical radiculopathy by manipulative correction of reversed cervical lordosis". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 10 (11): 4303–4306. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_648_21. PMC 8797131. PMID 35136807. S2CID 246649676.

nzherald.co.nz

"Smartphone addiction creating generation of teenage hunchbacks”, New Zealand Herald, Sunday Oct 18, 2015

pewinternet.org

Monica Anderson "Technology Device Ownership: 2015", Pew Research Centre: Internet, Science and Tech., 29 October 2015

physio-pedia.com

Jonas Vangindertael ed. "Facet Joint Syndrome", Physiopedia, June 2012
Leddy, Alyssa; Polishchuk, Kimberly. "Deep Neck Flexor Stabilisation Protocol". Physiopedia.

radionz.co.nz

Stephen August "Steve August: the iHunch”, Saturday Morning: Radio New Zealand, 16 November 2013

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Fernandez-De-Las-Penas, Cesar; Alonso-Blanco, Cristina; Cuadrado, Maria Luz; Gerwin, Robert D.; Pareja, Juan A. (2006). "Trigger Points in the Suboccipital Muscles and Forward Head Posture in Tension-Type Headache". Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 46 (3): 454–460. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00288.x. PMID 16618263. S2CID 12973647.
Bogduk, N.; Govind, J. (2009). "Cervicogenic headache: An assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment". The Lancet. Neurology. 8 (10): 959–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70209-1. PMID 19747657. S2CID 206158919.
Haukka, Eija; Leino-Arjas, Päivi; Solovieva, Svetlana; Ranta, Riikka; Viikari-Juntura, Eira; Riihimäki, Hilkka (2006). "Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among female kitchen workers". International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 80 (2): 141–148. Bibcode:2006IAOEH..80..141H. doi:10.1007/s00420-006-0113-8. PMID 16688464. S2CID 25071246.
Côté, P.; Cassidy, J. D.; Carroll, L. (1998). "The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey. The prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults". Spine. 23 (15): 1689–98. doi:10.1097/00007632-199808010-00015. PMID 9704377. S2CID 20305739.
Bogduk, N.; Govind, J. (2009). "Cervicogenic headache: An assessment of the evidence on clinical diagnosis, invasive tests, and treatment". The Lancet. Neurology. 8 (10): 959–68. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70209-1. PMID 19747657. S2CID 206158919.
Chu, Chun-Pu Eric (18 January 2022). "Preventing the progression of text neck in a young man: A case report". Radiology Case Reports. 17 (3): 978–982. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.12.053. PMC 8784282. PMID 35106108. S2CID 246441560.
Chu, ECP (2021). "Alleviating cervical radiculopathy by manipulative correction of reversed cervical lordosis". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 10 (11): 4303–4306. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_648_21. PMC 8797131. PMID 35136807. S2CID 246649676.
Cleland, J. A.; Childs, J. D.; McRae, M.; Palmer, J. A.; Stowell, T. (2005). "Immediate effects of thoracic manipulation in patients with neck pain: A randomized clinical trial". Manual Therapy. 10 (2): 127–35. doi:10.1016/j.math.2004.08.005. PMID 15922233. S2CID 31728219.

simplyhealth.co.uk

newsroom.simplyhealth.co.uk

iPosture generation facing a lifetime of back pain., Simply Health., 2 October 2013, Retrieved 13 March 2017

techtimes.com

Alyssa Navarro "Blame Your iPhone For Ruining Your Posture And Your Mood”, TECHTIMES, 15 December 2015

web.archive.org

“Evidence-Based Practice in the Treatment of Neck Pain” Archived 2017-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, Healing Arts Continuing Education, 2010
"Evidence-Based Practice in the Treatment of Neck Pain" Archived 2017-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, Healing Arts Continuing Education, 2010
"Evidence-Based Practice in the Treatment of Neck Pain', Healing Arts Continuing Education, 2010

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mujawar, Junaid Chandsaheb; Sagar, Javid Hussain (2019). "Prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome in Laundry Workers". Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 23 (1): 54–56. doi:10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_169_18. ISSN 0973-2284. PMC 6477943. PMID 31040591.
Fares, Jawad; Fares, Mohamad Y.; Fares, Youssef (2017-05-10). "Musculoskeletal neck pain in children and adolescents: Risk factors and complications". Surgical Neurology International. 8: 72. doi:10.4103/sni.sni_445_16. ISSN 2229-5097. PMC 5445652. PMID 28584675.
Smedley, J.; Inskip, H.; Trevelyan, F.; Buckle, P.; Cooper, C.; Coggon, D. (1 November 2003). "Risk factors for incident neck and shoulder pain in hospital nurses". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60 (11): 864–869. doi:10.1136/oem.60.11.864. ISSN 1351-0711. PMC 1740408. PMID 14573717.