Fossil fuel (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Fossil fuel" in English language version.
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accr.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Gaslighting: How APPEA and its members continue to oppose genuine climate action". ACCR. 14 June 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
affiniscape.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
acaa.affiniscape.com
- American Coal Ash Association. "CCP Production and Use Survey" (PDF).[permanent dead link] [dead link]
archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)
- "World Energy Investment 2025 / Executive summary". International Energy Agency. 2025. Archived from the original on 7 June 2025.
IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0
axios.com (Global: 1,716th place; English: 973rd place)
- "Soaring fertilizer prices put global food security at risk". Axios. 6 May 2022.
bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)
- Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023). "Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. ● Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in King, Ben (12 February 2023). "Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?". BBC. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.
bbhub.io (Global: low place; English: low place)
assets.bbhub.io
- 2024 data: "Energy Transition Investment Trends 2025 / Abridged report" (PDF). BloombergNEF. 30 January 2025. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2025.
bnef.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
about.bnef.com
- "Energy Transition Investment Hit $500 Billion in 2020 – For First Time". Bloomberg New Energy Finance. 19 January 2021. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021.
- Catsaros, Oktavia (26 January 2023). "Global Low-Carbon Energy Technology Investment Surges Past $1 Trillion for the First Time - Figure 1". Bloomberg NEF (New Energy Finance). Archived from the original on 22 May 2023.
Defying supply chain disruptions and macroeconomic headwinds, 2022 energy transition investment jumped 31% to draw level with fossil fuels
- "Global Clean Energy Investment Jumps 17%, Hits $1.8 Trillion in 2023, According to BloombergNEF Report". BNEF.com. Bloomberg NEF. 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024.
Start years differ by sector but all sectors are present from 2020 onwards.
books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Fleckenstein, Joseph E. (2016). Three-phase electrical power. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4987-3778-4. OCLC 958799795.
- Paul Mann, Lisa Gahagan, and Mark B. Gordon, "Tectonic setting of the world's giant oil and gas fields", in Michel T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1990–1999, Tulsa, Okla.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 50, accessed 22 June 2009.
- Hsu, Chang Samuel; Robinson, Paul R. (2017). Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology (2nd, illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 360. ISBN 978-3-319-49347-3. Extract of p. 360
- Caspar Neumann; William Lewis (1759). The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann ... (1773 printing). J. and F. Rivington. pp. 492–.
- Miller, G.; Spoolman, Scott (2007). Environmental Science: Problems, Connections and Solutions. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-38337-6. Retrieved 14 April 2018 – via Google Books.
- Ahuja, Satinder (2015). Food, Energy, and Water: The Chemistry Connection. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-800374-9. Retrieved 14 April 2018 – via Google Books.
britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)
- "Encyclopædia Britannica, use of oil seeps in ancient times". Retrieved 9 September 2007.
brookings.edu (Global: 1,634th place; English: 1,093rd place)
- "Why are fossil fuels so hard to quit?". Brookings. 8 June 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- Urpelainen, Johannes; George, Elisha (14 July 2021). "Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation". Brookings. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
cnn.com (Global: 28th place; English: 26th place)
- Horowitz, Julia (13 December 2022). "Analysis: Inflation is finally falling. But the days when prices rose just 2% may never return | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
commonslibrary.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Gulliver, Robyn (10 October 2022). "Australian Campaign Case Study: Divestment Campaign 2013 - 2021". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
creativecommons.org (Global: 1,010th place; English: 612th place)
- Shaye Wolf et al.: Scientists' warning on fossil fuels, in: Oxford Open Climate Change, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2025, doi:10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf011
This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
divestmentdatabase.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "The database of fossil fuel divestment commitments made by institutions worldwide". Global Fossil Fuel Divestment Database managed by Stand.earth. 26 July 2023.
doe.gov (Global: 2,463rd place; English: 2,220th place)
eia.doe.gov
- "What Are Greenhouse Gases?". US Department of Energy. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)
- Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (9 April 2019). "Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (15): 7192–7197. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7192L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819989116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6462052. PMID 30910976.
the potential benefits of a phaseout .... can avoid an excess mortality rate of 3.61 (2.96–4.21) million per year
- Bos, Kyra; Gupta, Joyeeta (1 October 2019). "Stranded assets and stranded resources: Implications for climate change mitigation and global sustainable development". Energy Research & Social Science. 56 101215. Bibcode:2019ERSS...5601215B. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.025. hdl:11245.1/2da1dc94-53d0-46d2-a6fc-8f0e44c37356. ISSN 2214-6296. S2CID 198658515.
- Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, Mark A.; Galloway, James; Klimont, Zbigniew; Winiwarter, Wilfried (October 2008). "How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world". Nature Geoscience. 1 (10): 636–639. Bibcode:2008NatGe...1..636E. doi:10.1038/ngeo325. S2CID 94880859. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010.
- Neukom, Raphael; Barboza, Luis A.; Erb, Michael P.; Shi, Feng; et al. (2019). "Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era". Nature Geoscience. 12 (8): 643–649. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..643P. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0. ISSN 1752-0908. PMC 6675609. PMID 31372180.
- Van Doorslaer, Hielke; Vermeiren, Mattias (3 September 2021). "Pushing on a String: Monetary Policy, Growth Models and the Persistence of Low Inflation in Advanced Capitalism". New Political Economy. 26 (5): 797–816. doi:10.1080/13563467.2020.1858774. ISSN 1356-3467. S2CID 230588698.
- Liodakis, E; Dashdorj, Dugersuren; Mitchell, Gary E. (2011). The nuclear alternative: Energy Production within Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1342. p. 91. Bibcode:2011AIPC.1342...91L. doi:10.1063/1.3583174.
- Vohra, Karn; Vodonos, Alina; Schwartz, Joel; Marais, Eloise A.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.; Mickley, Loretta J. (April 2021). "Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem". Environmental Research. 195 110754. Bibcode:2021ER....19510754V. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754. PMID 33577774. S2CID 231909881.
- Lelieveld, Jos; Haines, Andy; Burnett, Richard; Tonne, Cathryn; Klingmueller, Klaus; Munzel, Thomas; Pozzer, Andrea (29 November 2023). "Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study". The BMJ. 383 e077784. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077784. PMC 10686100. PMID 38030155.
- McCauley, Darren; Heffron, Raphael (1 August 2018). "Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice". Energy Policy. 119: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014. hdl:10023/17583. ISSN 0301-4215.
- Gibson, Dylan; Duram, Leslie (2020). "Shifting Discourse on Climate and Sustainability: Key Characteristics of the Higher Education Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement". Sustainability. 12 (23) 10069. Bibcode:2020Sust...1210069G. doi:10.3390/su122310069.
- Egli, Florian; Schärer, David; Steffen, Bjarne (1 January 2022). "Determinants of fossil fuel divestment in European pension funds". Ecological Economics. 191 107237. Bibcode:2022EcoEc.19107237E. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107237. hdl:20.500.11850/517323. ISSN 0921-8009.
- Trinks, Arjan; Scholtens, Bert; Mulder, Machiel; Dam, Lammertjan (1 April 2018). "Fossil Fuel Divestment and Portfolio Performance". Ecological Economics. 146: 740–748. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..740T. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.036. hdl:10023/16794. ISSN 0921-8009.
- Martinez-Alvarez, Cesar B.; Hazlett, Chad; Mahdavi, Paasha; Ross, Michael L. (22 November 2022). "Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (47) e2208024119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11908024M. doi:10.1073/pnas.2208024119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9704748. PMID 36375060.
- Shaye Wolf et al.: Scientists' warning on fossil fuels, in: Oxford Open Climate Change, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2025, doi:10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf011 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
dw.com (Global: 204th place; English: 353rd place)
- "Lobbying threat to global climate action". DW.COM. Deutsche Welle. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- "Oil and gas companies exploit coronavirus to roll back environmental regulations". DW.COM. Deutsche Welle. 16 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
earthtrack.net (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business". Earth Track. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
energyandcleanair.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Quantifying the Economic Costs of Air Pollution from Fossil Fuels" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2020.
energybulletin.net (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Eating Fossil Fuels. EnergyBulletin. Archived June 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
energyintel.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Price Spike Fortifies Fossil Fuel Subsidies". Energy Intelligence. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
epa.gov (Global: 882nd place; English: 600th place)
19january2017snapshot.epa.gov
- EPA (19 January 2017). "Climate Impacts on Ecosystems". Retrieved 7 December 2020.
europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)
edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu
- "EDGAR - The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research". edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
fatuma.net (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Oswald Spengler (1932). Man and Technics (PDF). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-8371-8875-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
france24.com (Global: 481st place; English: 508th place)
- "'Pushes us closer to the abyss': Former Azerbaijani oil executive to head COP29". France 24. 7 January 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
ft.com (Global: 210th place; English: 157th place)
- Kerr, Simeon; Massoudi, Arash; Raval, Anjli (19 December 2019). "Saudi Aramco touches $2tn valuation on second day of trading". Financial Times. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- Raval, Anjli; Kerr, Simeon; Stafford, Philip (5 December 2019). "Saudi Aramco raises $25.6bn in world's biggest IPO". Financial Times. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- Brower, Derek; Wilson, Tom; Giles, Chris (25 February 2022). "The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy". Financial Times. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- Hodgson, Camilla (17 February 2022). "Fossil fuel and agriculture handouts climb to $1.8tn a year, study says". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
geochemsoc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "thermochemistry of fossil fuel formation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2015.
gofossilfree.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Divestment Commitments". Gofossilfree.org. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
gr8dubai.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Bilkadi, Zayn (1992). "Bulls From the Sea: Ancient Oil Industries". Aramco World. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007.
greenhousepr.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Why fossil fuel lobbyists are dominating climate policy during Covid-19". Greenhouse PR. 23 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
gsi.ie (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Fossil fuels". Geological Survey Ireland. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)
hdl.handle.net
- Bos, Kyra; Gupta, Joyeeta (1 October 2019). "Stranded assets and stranded resources: Implications for climate change mitigation and global sustainable development". Energy Research & Social Science. 56 101215. Bibcode:2019ERSS...5601215B. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.025. hdl:11245.1/2da1dc94-53d0-46d2-a6fc-8f0e44c37356. ISSN 2214-6296. S2CID 198658515.
- McCauley, Darren; Heffron, Raphael (1 August 2018). "Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice". Energy Policy. 119: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014. hdl:10023/17583. ISSN 0301-4215.
- Egli, Florian; Schärer, David; Steffen, Bjarne (1 January 2022). "Determinants of fossil fuel divestment in European pension funds". Ecological Economics. 191 107237. Bibcode:2022EcoEc.19107237E. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107237. hdl:20.500.11850/517323. ISSN 0921-8009.
- Trinks, Arjan; Scholtens, Bert; Mulder, Machiel; Dam, Lammertjan (1 April 2018). "Fossil Fuel Divestment and Portfolio Performance". Ecological Economics. 146: 740–748. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..740T. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.036. hdl:10023/16794. ISSN 0921-8009.
harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (9 April 2019). "Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (15): 7192–7197. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7192L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819989116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6462052. PMID 30910976.
the potential benefits of a phaseout .... can avoid an excess mortality rate of 3.61 (2.96–4.21) million per year
- Bos, Kyra; Gupta, Joyeeta (1 October 2019). "Stranded assets and stranded resources: Implications for climate change mitigation and global sustainable development". Energy Research & Social Science. 56 101215. Bibcode:2019ERSS...5601215B. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.025. hdl:11245.1/2da1dc94-53d0-46d2-a6fc-8f0e44c37356. ISSN 2214-6296. S2CID 198658515.
- Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, Mark A.; Galloway, James; Klimont, Zbigniew; Winiwarter, Wilfried (October 2008). "How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world". Nature Geoscience. 1 (10): 636–639. Bibcode:2008NatGe...1..636E. doi:10.1038/ngeo325. S2CID 94880859. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010.
- Neukom, Raphael; Barboza, Luis A.; Erb, Michael P.; Shi, Feng; et al. (2019). "Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era". Nature Geoscience. 12 (8): 643–649. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..643P. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0. ISSN 1752-0908. PMC 6675609. PMID 31372180.
- Liodakis, E; Dashdorj, Dugersuren; Mitchell, Gary E. (2011). The nuclear alternative: Energy Production within Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1342. p. 91. Bibcode:2011AIPC.1342...91L. doi:10.1063/1.3583174.
- Vohra, Karn; Vodonos, Alina; Schwartz, Joel; Marais, Eloise A.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.; Mickley, Loretta J. (April 2021). "Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem". Environmental Research. 195 110754. Bibcode:2021ER....19510754V. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754. PMID 33577774. S2CID 231909881.
- Gibson, Dylan; Duram, Leslie (2020). "Shifting Discourse on Climate and Sustainability: Key Characteristics of the Higher Education Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement". Sustainability. 12 (23) 10069. Bibcode:2020Sust...1210069G. doi:10.3390/su122310069.
- Egli, Florian; Schärer, David; Steffen, Bjarne (1 January 2022). "Determinants of fossil fuel divestment in European pension funds". Ecological Economics. 191 107237. Bibcode:2022EcoEc.19107237E. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107237. hdl:20.500.11850/517323. ISSN 0921-8009.
- Trinks, Arjan; Scholtens, Bert; Mulder, Machiel; Dam, Lammertjan (1 April 2018). "Fossil Fuel Divestment and Portfolio Performance". Ecological Economics. 146: 740–748. Bibcode:2018EcoEc.146..740T. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.036. hdl:10023/16794. ISSN 0921-8009.
- Martinez-Alvarez, Cesar B.; Hazlett, Chad; Mahdavi, Paasha; Ross, Michael L. (22 November 2022). "Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (47) e2208024119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11908024M. doi:10.1073/pnas.2208024119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9704748. PMID 36375060.
heatmap.news (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Wagner, Gernot (23 February 2024). "The Ukraine War Blew Up the World's Energy Economy". heatmap.news. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
Throughout the most recent U.S. spike in inflation in 2022, the energy category alone was responsible for around half of total inflation. And that's just counting the direct effects. Indirectly, a good portion of the food price increases ever since are also due to higher energy costs. If the farmer pays more to harvest the crop, soon those commodity prices increase as well. Of course, it isn't all fossil fuels...The IRA has not and will not cut inflation overnight. But that fight is indeed a big part of the bill's legacy: Play the long game of tackling all three types of climate-related inflation — fossilflation, climateflation, and greenflation — at their very core, and indeed justify the law's name.
iea.org (Global: 2,532nd place; English: 2,451st place)
- "World Energy Investment 2025 / Executive summary". International Energy Agency. 2025. Archived from the original on 7 June 2025.
IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0
- "Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis". IEA. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
ieefa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Chung, Connor; Cohn, Dan. "Passive investing in a warming world". Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
intereconomics.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Koester, Gerrit; Lis, Eliza; Nickel, Christiane (2022). "Inflation Developments in the Euro Area Since the Onset of the Pandemic". Intereconomics. 2022 (2): 69–75.
ipcc.ch (Global: 1,778th place; English: 1,339th place)
report.ipcc.ch
- "Chapter 2: Emissions trends and drivers" (PDF). Ipcc_Ar6_Wgiii. 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2022.
ituc-csi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Climate Frontlines Briefing – No Jobs on a Dead Planet" (PDF). International Trade Union Confederation. March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; English: 83rd place)
data.giss.nasa.gov
- "Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change". NASA. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (9 April 2019). "Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (15): 7192–7197. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7192L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819989116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6462052. PMID 30910976.
the potential benefits of a phaseout .... can avoid an excess mortality rate of 3.61 (2.96–4.21) million per year
- Neukom, Raphael; Barboza, Luis A.; Erb, Michael P.; Shi, Feng; et al. (2019). "Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era". Nature Geoscience. 12 (8): 643–649. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..643P. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0. ISSN 1752-0908. PMC 6675609. PMID 31372180.
- Vohra, Karn; Vodonos, Alina; Schwartz, Joel; Marais, Eloise A.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.; Mickley, Loretta J. (April 2021). "Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem". Environmental Research. 195 110754. Bibcode:2021ER....19510754V. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754. PMID 33577774. S2CID 231909881.
- Lelieveld, Jos; Haines, Andy; Burnett, Richard; Tonne, Cathryn; Klingmueller, Klaus; Munzel, Thomas; Pozzer, Andrea (29 November 2023). "Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study". The BMJ. 383 e077784. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077784. PMC 10686100. PMID 38030155.
- Martinez-Alvarez, Cesar B.; Hazlett, Chad; Mahdavi, Paasha; Ross, Michael L. (22 November 2022). "Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (47) e2208024119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11908024M. doi:10.1073/pnas.2208024119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9704748. PMID 36375060.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (9 April 2019). "Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (15): 7192–7197. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7192L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1819989116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6462052. PMID 30910976.
the potential benefits of a phaseout .... can avoid an excess mortality rate of 3.61 (2.96–4.21) million per year
- Neukom, Raphael; Barboza, Luis A.; Erb, Michael P.; Shi, Feng; et al. (2019). "Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era". Nature Geoscience. 12 (8): 643–649. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..643P. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0. ISSN 1752-0908. PMC 6675609. PMID 31372180.
- Lelieveld, Jos; Haines, Andy; Burnett, Richard; Tonne, Cathryn; Klingmueller, Klaus; Munzel, Thomas; Pozzer, Andrea (29 November 2023). "Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study". The BMJ. 383 e077784. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077784. PMC 10686100. PMID 38030155.
- Martinez-Alvarez, Cesar B.; Hazlett, Chad; Mahdavi, Paasha; Ross, Michael L. (22 November 2022). "Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (47) e2208024119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11908024M. doi:10.1073/pnas.2208024119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9704748. PMID 36375060.
nrdc.org (Global: 8,758th place; English: 6,178th place)
- Chaisson, Clara (19 February 2021). "Fossil Fuel Air Pollution Kills One in Five People". NRDC. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)
- Wagner, Gernot (12 August 2022). "Opinion | Greening Your Home Will Be Cheaper, but Expect Growing Pains". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
- Manjoo, Farhad (24 March 2022). "Opinion. We're in a Fossil Fuel War. Biden Should Say So". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
oecd.org (Global: 960th place; English: 854th place)
oed.com (Global: 360th place; English: 231st place)
- "fossil". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) – "fossil [...] adj. [...] Obtained by digging; found buried in the earth. Now chiefly of fuels and other materials occurring naturally in underground deposits; esp. in FOSSIL FUEL n."
- "fossil". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) – "fossil [...] n. [...] Something preserved in the ground, esp. in petrified form in rock, and recognizable as the remains of a living organism of a former geological period, or as preserving an impression or trace of such an organism."
ohio-state.edu (Global: 5,528th place; English: 4,582nd place)
physics.ohio-state.edu
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the potential benefits of a phaseout .... can avoid an excess mortality rate of 3.61 (2.96–4.21) million per year
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yale.edu (Global: 565th place; English: 460th place)
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