Founding of Rome (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Founding of Rome" in English language version.

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Koptev 2010, p. 20. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, pp. 19–20, noting also the interpretation that Ennius' claim of "seven hundred years" having elapsed may be from the time of Camillus, which imply c. 1100 BC. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, pp. 15–16, noting that this was the first estimate of Rome's foundation; Koptev also notes Dionysius' later commentary expressing bafflement as to the choice of this year. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, p. 43. "600 years before the consulate of M. Aemilius Lepidus and C. Popilius, which took place in 158 BC". Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, p. 20. "first year of the seventh Olympiad". Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, p. 17; Momigliano 1989, p. 82. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, p. 17. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Feeney 2007, pp. 92–94, noting there is no clear rationale for the selection of 814–13 BC. But see Koptev 2010, pp. 17–19, suggesting 814 BC comes from synchronism with the Macedonian dynasty or as five saecula before 263 BC and the start of the first Punic war. Feeney, Denis C (2007). Caesar's calendar: ancient time and the beginnings of history. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25119-9. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.

books.google.com

Heiken et al. 2005, p. ^{[page needed]}. Heiken, G; et al. (2005). The seven hills of Rome: a geological tour of the eternal city. Princeton University Press. Bibcode:2005shrg.book.....H. ISBN 978-0-691-13038-5.
Koptev 2010, p. 20. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, pp. 19–20, noting also the interpretation that Ennius' claim of "seven hundred years" having elapsed may be from the time of Camillus, which imply c. 1100 BC. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, pp. 15–16, noting that this was the first estimate of Rome's foundation; Koptev also notes Dionysius' later commentary expressing bafflement as to the choice of this year. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Feeney 2007, p. 87, via synchronism with the Eratosthenes' date for the first Olympiad. Feeney, Denis C (2007). Caesar's calendar: ancient time and the beginnings of history. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25119-9.
Koptev 2010, p. 43. "600 years before the consulate of M. Aemilius Lepidus and C. Popilius, which took place in 158 BC". Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, p. 20. "first year of the seventh Olympiad". Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, p. 17; Momigliano 1989, p. 82. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Koptev 2010, p. 17. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Lomas 2018, p. 50; Feeney 2007, pp. 88–89. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849. Feeney, Denis C (2007). Caesar's calendar: ancient time and the beginnings of history. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25119-9.
Feeney 2007, p. 89. Feeney, Denis C (2007). Caesar's calendar: ancient time and the beginnings of history. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25119-9.
Feeney 2007, pp. 92–94, noting there is no clear rationale for the selection of 814–13 BC. But see Koptev 2010, pp. 17–19, suggesting 814 BC comes from synchronism with the Macedonian dynasty or as five saecula before 263 BC and the start of the first Punic war. Feeney, Denis C (2007). Caesar's calendar: ancient time and the beginnings of history. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25119-9. Koptev, Aleksandr (2010). "Timaeus of Tauromenium and early Roman chronology". In Deroux, Carl (ed.). Studies in Latin literature and Roman history. Collection Latomus, 323. Vol. 15. Brussels: Éditions Latomus. pp. 5–48. ISBN 978-2-87031-264-3.
Feeney 2007, pp. 95–96, noting that bringing the foundation within the Olympiads "helps Fabius in his larger thematic plan of showing that Rome is not a barbarian outsider but an equal participant in the Greek cultural world". Feeney, Denis C (2007). Caesar's calendar: ancient time and the beginnings of history. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25119-9.

cambridge.org

Brock et al. 2021. Brock, Andrea L; et al. (November 2021). "On the banks of the Tiber: opportunity and transformation in early Rome". Journal of Roman Studies. Vol. 111. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–30. doi:10.1017/S0075435821000344.

doi.org

Brock et al. 2021. Brock, Andrea L; et al. (November 2021). "On the banks of the Tiber: opportunity and transformation in early Rome". Journal of Roman Studies. Vol. 111. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–30. doi:10.1017/S0075435821000344.
Bettelli 2012, para "The Capitoline hill and the earliest settlement in Rome in the Bronze Age". Bettelli, Marco (26 October 2012). "Rome, city of: 1. prehistoric (earliest remains)". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah16123. ISBN 9781405179355.
Bettelli 2012, para "The early Iron Age and the occupation of the Palatine hill". Bettelli, Marco (26 October 2012). "Rome, city of: 1. prehistoric (earliest remains)". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah16123. ISBN 9781405179355.
Plut. Rom., 12, claims 21 April 753 BC synchronised with an eclipse; no such eclipse could have been observed in the Mediterranean for several years on either side of that date. Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, pp. 456–458. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Forsythe 2005, p. 279; Cornell 1995, p. 402; Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, passim Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Bickerman 1952, pp. 66–67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 69. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Heiken et al. 2005, p. ^{[page needed]}. Heiken, G; et al. (2005). The seven hills of Rome: a geological tour of the eternal city. Princeton University Press. Bibcode:2005shrg.book.....H. ISBN 978-0-691-13038-5.

jstor.org

Brinkman, John A (1958). "The foundation legends in Vergil". Classical Journal. 54 (1): 25–33. ISSN 0009-8353. JSTOR 3295326. Quintus Ennius... according to his account, the founding of the city was dated about the year 900.
Plut. Rom., 12, claims 21 April 753 BC synchronised with an eclipse; no such eclipse could have been observed in the Mediterranean for several years on either side of that date. Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, pp. 456–458. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Forsythe 2005, p. 279; Cornell 1995, p. 402; Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, passim Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Wiseman, T Peter (2013). "The Palatine, from Evander to Elagabalus". Journal of Roman Studies. 103: 234–268. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 43286787. They [authors of the reviewed books] assume there was a single legendary tradition, but in fact there were dozens. Servius knew eight... Festus knew ten, Plutarch thirteen, Dionysius fourteen.
Bickerman 1952, pp. 66–67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 69. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Plut. Rom., 12, claims 21 April 753 BC synchronised with an eclipse; no such eclipse could have been observed in the Mediterranean for several years on either side of that date. Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, pp. 456–458. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Forsythe 2005, p. 279; Cornell 1995, p. 402; Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, passim Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Bickerman 1952, pp. 66–67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 69. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.

tertullian.org

Eusebius Chronographia 109-110, Canones 6-7th Olympiads.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Momigliano 1989, pp. 54, 59; Verg. Aen., 8; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.45.3. Also noted are modern beliefs in Myceneaean influence: Peruzzi, E (1980), Mycenaeans in early Latium, Rome{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). Momigliano dismisses such beliefs, however, as overly reliant on "doubtful etymologies and ... unorthodox use of the legend of Evander". Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Diodorus, Bibliotheca historica VII. "the city was founded in the second year of the Seventh Olympiad."
Forsythe 2005, pp. 94, 369–70, noting that Fabius Pictor's work did not include five fictitious years of anarchy, which extended the chronology to Varro's date. See Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.74.1. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Forsythe 2005, p. 94; Lomas 2018, p. 50; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.74.1. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Miles 1995, p. 147 n. 15: in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.85.1–3, Numitor sends the twins to found a city and gives them assistance; in Livy, 1.6–7 the twins do so on their own initiative. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Miles 1995, p. 148 n. 17, noting that Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.87.2–3 "suppresses altogether" the fratricide and instead has Remus killed by an unknown assailant with Romulus mourning his death. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Miles 1995, p. 147 n. 16: in Livy, 1.8.1, 1.8.6, 2.1.4 the city is made of only refugees; in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.85.3 it is instead made up of both refugees as well as prominent men from Alba Longa and descendants of Trojan exiles. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Momigliano 1989, p. 57, citing Livy, 10.23.1. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Livy, 1. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Miles 1995, p. 147 n. 15: in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.85.1–3, Numitor sends the twins to found a city and gives them assistance; in Livy, 1.6–7 the twins do so on their own initiative. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Miles 1995, p. 147 n. 16: in Livy, 1.8.1, 1.8.6, 2.1.4 the city is made of only refugees; in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.85.3 it is instead made up of both refugees as well as prominent men from Alba Longa and descendants of Trojan exiles. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Lomas 2018, p. 47, citing Livy, 1.1. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Bettelli 2012, para "The Capitoline hill and the earliest settlement in Rome in the Bronze Age". Bettelli, Marco (26 October 2012). "Rome, city of: 1. prehistoric (earliest remains)". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah16123. ISBN 9781405179355.
Bettelli 2012, para "The early Iron Age and the occupation of the Palatine hill". Bettelli, Marco (26 October 2012). "Rome, city of: 1. prehistoric (earliest remains)". Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah16123. ISBN 9781405179355.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Lomas 2018, p. 38. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Cornell 1995, p. 48. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, pp. 41–42. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 43. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 44. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Lomas 2018, p. 17. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, p. 37. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, p. 39. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, p. 40; Cornell 1995, p. 57. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Lomas 2018, p. 41. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, pp. 41–42. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, p. 42. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, p. 43. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, p. 44. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Momigliano 1989, p. 53; Forsythe 2005, pp. 92–93. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Forsythe 2005, p. 88. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Forsythe 2005, p. 92; Cornell 1995, pp. 102–103. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Lomas 2018, p. 35. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Cornell 1995, p. 72. Different ancient historians placed it in different years: "Fabius placed it in 748 BC, Cincius in 728, Cato in 751 and Varro in 754" [sic]. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 70. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Beard 2015, pp. 71, 95 ("unlike the fictional 'Romulus', or 'Mr Rome'"). Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: Liveright Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Cornell 1995, pp. 70–71. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Lomas 2018, p. 36. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Cornell 1995, p. 60. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Brinkman, John A (1958). "The foundation legends in Vergil". Classical Journal. 54 (1): 25–33. ISSN 0009-8353. JSTOR 3295326. Quintus Ennius... according to his account, the founding of the city was dated about the year 900.
Cornell 1995, p. 72; Forsythe 2005, p. 94. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Plut. Rom., 12, claims 21 April 753 BC synchronised with an eclipse; no such eclipse could have been observed in the Mediterranean for several years on either side of that date. Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, pp. 456–458. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Samuel, Alan Edouard (1972). Greek and Roman chronology: calendars and years in classical antiquity. München: Beck. p. 252. ISBN 3-406-03348-2. OCLC 415753. See Olympiad 6.4.
Cornell 1995, p. 401. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 72. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Lomas 2018, p. 50. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Forsythe 2005, pp. 94, 369–70, noting that Fabius Pictor's work did not include five fictitious years of anarchy, which extended the chronology to Varro's date. See Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.74.1. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Forsythe 2005, p. 94; Lomas 2018, p. 50; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.74.1. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Lomas 2018, pp. 36–37. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Lomas 2018, p. 50; Feeney 2007, pp. 88–89. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849. Feeney, Denis C (2007). Caesar's calendar: ancient time and the beginnings of history. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25119-9.
Cornell 1995, p. 72. "It seems clear that the various dates given by historians for the foundation... were linked to estimates of the length of the regal period". Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 73. "Most probably the date was fixed simply by counting back seven generations of thirty-five years... it seems likely that the foundation date was fixed by some kind of mechanical calculation". Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Forsythe 2005, p. 279; Cornell 1995, p. 402; Grafton & Swerdlow 1985, passim Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793. Grafton, A T; Swerdlow, N M (1985). "Technical chronology and astrological history in Varro, Censorinus and others". Classical Quarterly. 35 (2): 454–465. doi:10.1017/S0009838800040295. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639075. S2CID 171000509.
Forsythe 2005, p. 94; Lomas 2018, p. 50. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Miles 1995, pp. 138–139, on Livy, notes how he distinguishes between literal truth and a Roman "right to claim descent from Mars... because it appropriate symbolises the martial accomplishments of [later] Romans, who... have the ability to compel others to accede to that claim". Miles 1995, p. 142. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236.
Miles 1995, p. 142. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236.
Lomas 2018, p. 45. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Miles 1995, p. 147 n. 15: in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.85.1–3, Numitor sends the twins to found a city and gives them assistance; in Livy, 1.6–7 the twins do so on their own initiative. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Miles 1995, p. 147. Remus sees birds first; Romulus sees more. The correct interpretation of the omens "is ambiguous" and "is settled only by the murder of Remus and by the success of Romulus and his city". Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236.
Miles 1995, p. 148 n. 17, noting that Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.87.2–3 "suppresses altogether" the fratricide and instead has Remus killed by an unknown assailant with Romulus mourning his death. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Forsythe 2005, p. 96. Forsythe notes also that some scholars, like T P Wiseman, believe the tale was an invention of the fourth century BC and reflected self-image of the then-emerging patrician and plebeian nobiles. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Miles 1995, p. 147 n. 16: in Livy, 1.8.1, 1.8.6, 2.1.4 the city is made of only refugees; in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom., 1.85.3 it is instead made up of both refugees as well as prominent men from Alba Longa and descendants of Trojan exiles. Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (1937–50) [1st century BC]. Roman Antiquities. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Ernest. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
Forsythe 2005, p. 97, adding that "Titus Tatius" may be a name for an early Roman monarch who was removed from the narrative of seven kings. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Cornell 1995, pp. 60–61. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, pp. 62–63. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, pp. 63, 413 n. 45, citing Iliad 20.307f. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, pp. 63–64. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, pp. 64–65. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Forsythe 2005, p. 94. "Troy's unhistorical connection with Rome was maintained by inventing the Alban kings, whose reigns were made to span the chronological gap between Troy's destruction (1184/3 BC according to Eratosthenes) and Rome's foundation". Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Cornell 1995, p. 141. "In the developed legend of the origins of Rome, the son of Aeneas founded a hereditary dynasty at Alba Longa. But this Alban dynasty was an antiquarian fiction devised for chronographic reasons". Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Lomas 2018, p. 47, citing Livy, 1.1. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849. Livy (1905) [1st century BC]. From the Founding of the City . Translated by Roberts, Canon – via Wikisource.
Lomas 2018, p. 47. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Cornell 1995, pp. 37–38. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 38; Lomas 2018, p. 47. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793. Lomas, Kathryn (2018). The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars (1st Harvard ed.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-65965-0. OCLC 1015274849.
Cornell 1995, pp. 37, 39. "The legendary material [Greek myths] became a coherent body of pseudo-historical tradition and was the object of intense research". Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 39, referencing also Greek claims that Persians, Indians, and Celts also were all descended from Greek gods or heroes. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 39. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 40. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Forsythe 2005, p. 93. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Cornell 1995, p. 37. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Cornell 1995, p. 65. Cornell, Tim (1995). The beginnings of Rome. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01596-0. OCLC 31515793.
Wiseman, T Peter (2013). "The Palatine, from Evander to Elagabalus". Journal of Roman Studies. 103: 234–268. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 43286787. They [authors of the reviewed books] assume there was a single legendary tradition, but in fact there were dozens. Servius knew eight... Festus knew ten, Plutarch thirteen, Dionysius fourteen.
Forsythe 2005, pp. 93–94. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Miles 1995, p. 137 instead has "at least twenty-five". Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3060-7. OCLC 31658236.
Forsythe 2005, p. 94. Forsythe, Gary (2005). A critical history of early Rome: from prehistory to the first Punic war. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94029-1. OCLC 70728478.
Bickerman 1952, pp. 66–67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 67. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.
Bickerman 1952, p. 69. Bickerman, Elias J (1952). "Origines gentium". Classical Philology. 47 (2): 65–81. doi:10.1086/363470. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 267375. S2CID 220418780.