US 367496, J. Atkinson, "Gas Engine", issued 1887-08-02
nhtsa.gov
"Fuel Economy". US: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Retrieved 11 April 2016.
nicolaus-august-otto.de
"125 Jahre Viertaktmotor" [125 Years of the Four Stroke Engine]. Oldtimer Club Nicolaus August Otto e.V. (in German). Germany. 2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011.
"125 Jahre Viertaktmotor" [125 Years of the Four Stroke Engine]. Oldtimer Club Nicolaus August Otto e.V. (in German). Germany. 2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011.