Four-wheel drive (English Wikipedia)

Mohan, Sankar (12 June 2000). "All – Wheel Drive / Four – Wheel Drive Systems and Strategies" (PDF). Seoul 2000 FISITA World Automotive Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.

4wdandsportutility.com

Foster, Patrick (January 2008). "1963 Jeep Wagoneer – Landmark Vehicle". 4 Wheel Drive & Sport Utility Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

about.com

4wheeldrive.about.com

Walczak, Jim. "4WD vs 2WD: The Differences Between 4×4 And 4×2". about.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

allisons.org

Allisons.org Automotive History [1]"1929: AEC started to build AWD trucks in conjunction with FWD (UK)"

allpar.com

Redgap, Curtis; Watson, Bill (2010). "The Jefferys Quad and Nash Quad — 4x4 Ancestor to the Willys Jeep". Allpar. Retrieved 6 December 2014.

alltrac.net

"Celica All Trac and Gt-Four FAQ". Alltrac.net. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

amxfiles.com

Foster, Patrick R. "1980–88 AMC Eagle 4wd". Autoweek (archived at amxfiles). Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

archive.org

Beth F. Scott; James C. Rainey; Andrew W. Hunt, eds. (2000). "World War II". The Logistics of War – a historical perspective. The Air Force Logistics Management Agency. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-4289-9378-5. Retrieved 21 January 2013. It became a famous vehicle around the world and is mentioned in a majority of the histories.

archive.today

Foster, Patrick R. "1980–88 AMC Eagle 4wd". Autoweek (archived at amxfiles). Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

autoblog.com

Shunk, Chris (4 May 2011). "Thirty-percent of new car sales will be AWD by 2015". autoblog. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
"Hybrid Tech Dominates The 24 Hours Of Le Mans Endurance Race [VIDEO]". Autoblog.com. 17 June 2012.
Abuelsamid, Sam (26 July 2010). "2011 Ford Explorer puts four-cylinder EcoBoost engine above V6 in pecking order". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

books.google.com

Andreev, Alexandr F.; Kabanau, Viachaslau; Vantsevich, Vladimir (2010). Driveline Systems of Ground Vehicles: Theory and Design. CRC Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-4398-1728-5.
Hyde, Charles K. (2013). Arsenal of Democracy: The American Automobile Industry in World War II. Wayne State University Press. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-0-8143-3952-7.
Eckermann, Erik (2001). World history of the automobile. Society of Automotive Engineers. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-7680-0800-5. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
Allen, Jim (2009). Four-Wheeler's Bible. MotorBooks International. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-61673-088-8.
DeLorenzo, Matt (15 February 2014). Dodge 100 Years. MotorBooks International. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-62788-084-8.
Hyde, Charles K. (2013). Arsenal of Democracy: The American Automobile Industry in World War II. Wayne State University Press. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-0-8143-3952-7.
Nunney, M J J (2012). Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology (Fourth ed.). Routledge. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-7506-8037-0. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
Calvin, Jean (1974). Rallying to win: a complete guide to North American rallying. W.W. Norton. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-87880-017-9. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
Rettie, John (August 1987). "Four-Wheeling Into Your Future". Popular Mechanics. 164 (8): 58. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
Padgett, Martin (2004). Hummer. Zenith. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7603-1863-8. Retrieved 21 January 2013.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

consumerreports.org

Collard, Chris. "2WD vs AWD vs 4WD". ConsumerReports.com. Consumer Reports Magazine. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
"Do You Really Need AWD in the Snow?". Consumer Reports. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

edmunds.com

Kranz, Rick. "All-Wheel-Drive Vehicles Grow in Popularity With Car Shoppers". Edmunds. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
"2009 Ford Escape Hybrid Review and Specs". Edmunds.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009.

fordvehicles.com

"Ford – Cars, SUVs, Trucks & Crossovers". FordVehicles.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 September 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

fourwheeler.com

Sheppard, Tom (1 September 2005). "Jeep Grand Cherokee 4WD System Breakthrough – 4x... For?". Four Wheeler Network. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
Allen, Jim (8 May 2016). "FWD Seagrave Model B: One of the First Successful 4x4 Trucks". Fourwheeler Network. Extreme Ventures. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
1943 Dodge WC-51 Weapons Carrier, Power & Glory – FourWheeler.com

gmheritagecenter.com

Meyer, Donald E. (March 2009). "The First Century of GMC Truck History" (PDF). gmheritagecenter.com. Retrieved 15 September 2021.

grassrootsmotorsports.com

"Double Take: Volkswagen Motorsport's Twin-Engined Golf". grassrootsmotorsports.com. Retrieved 22 November 2024.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Thomson, Harry C.; Mayo, Lida (2003). The Ordnance Department: procurement and supply. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army (Originally published: 1960, Washington, D.C., Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army). p. 273/274.

highbeam.com

Sherman, Don (February 2001). "All-Wheel-Drive Revisited: AMC's 1980 Eagle pioneered the cross-over SUV". Automotive Industries. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

howstuffworks.com

auto.howstuffworks.com

1946–1948 Dodge Power Wagon – HowStuffWorks
"1966–1971 Jensen FF". How Stuff Works. 25 July 2007. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"1978–1979 Jeep Wagoneer Limited". How Stuff Works. 29 August 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
"1967–1977 Jeep Wagoneer". How Stuff Works. 29 August 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

hybridcars.com

"History of Hybrid Vehicles". HybridCars.com. 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2011. See year 1898.

japanesenostalgiccar.com

The world's first mass-produced compact 4WD car, restored – Japanese Nostalgic Car

lemans.org

"The 2011 Le Mans 24 Hours Regulations". lemans.org. 6 October 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

louwmanmuseum.nl

Spyker 60-hp Four-wheel Drive Racing Car – Louwman Museum

mapleleafup.net

Winnington-Ball, Geoff (10 March 2002). "CMP Softskin Trucks". Maple Leaf Up.net. Retrieved 9 May 2018.

marmon-herrington.com

"History of Innovation". Marmon-Herrington. 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2018.

motortrend.com

Williams, Mark. "4WD vs AWD: What's the Diff". MotorTrend.com. Motor Trend Magazine. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
Loh, Edward (December 2007). "First Look: 2008 Nissan GT-R". Retrieved 5 January 2011.

nationalpost.com

Taylor, Peter Shawn (19 April 2016). "The Trucks that Beat Hitler". National Post. Postmedia Network. Retrieved 9 May 2018.

nytimes.com

Sass, Rob (9 March 2008). "A Breed of 4-by-4 Hatched on the Fly". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

of4wd.com

History of 4WD Sport – OF4WD

pacdat.net

bcoy1cpb.pacdat.net

"Instruction Book: Driving, Maintenance, Repair. Department of National Defence, Canada". bcoy1cpb.pacdat.net. 1940. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

patents.google.com

Diplock 4WD Locomotive Patent

seriouswheels.com

"1903 Spyker 60 HP". Retrieved 6 May 2011.

t137.com

"Serial Number Guide". T137.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2018.

theglobeandmail.com

Peter, Cheney (22 October 2015). "The myth of all-wheel-drive and why it can be a deadly trap". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

theoldmotor.com

The Badger and F.W.D. Four-Wheel Drive Automobiles – The Old Motor

thetruthaboutcars.com

Dykes, Alex (17 June 2013). "Alphabet Soup: 4×4 vs 4WD vs AWD Where's the Differential?". thetruthaboutcars.com. Retrieved 18 December 2015.

topgear.com

Horrell, Paul (25 January 2011). "Ferrari FF The inside scoop on Ferrari's new FF". Topgear.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.

ultimatecarpage.com

"Lohner–Porsche Mixte Voiturette". Ultimate Car Page. 19 November 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
Melissen, Wouter (1 December 2004). "Citroën 2CV Sahara". Ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 21 January 2013.

volvoce.com

"Volvo BM 646 Backhoe/Loader" (PDF). Volvo AB. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015.

web.archive.org

Mohan, Sankar (12 June 2000). "All – Wheel Drive / Four – Wheel Drive Systems and Strategies" (PDF). Seoul 2000 FISITA World Automotive Congress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
Walczak, Jim. "4WD vs 2WD: The Differences Between 4×4 And 4×2". about.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"History of Hybrid Vehicles". HybridCars.com. 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2011. See year 1898.
"Serial Number Guide". T137.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Foster, Patrick (January 2008). "1963 Jeep Wagoneer – Landmark Vehicle". 4 Wheel Drive & Sport Utility Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
"1966–1971 Jensen FF". How Stuff Works. 25 July 2007. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
Sherman, Don (February 2001). "All-Wheel-Drive Revisited: AMC's 1980 Eagle pioneered the cross-over SUV". Automotive Industries. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
"The 2011 Le Mans 24 Hours Regulations". lemans.org. 6 October 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
"Volvo BM 646 Backhoe/Loader" (PDF). Volvo AB. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015.
"Instruction Book: Driving, Maintenance, Repair. Department of National Defence, Canada". bcoy1cpb.pacdat.net. 1940. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
"2009 Ford Escape Hybrid Review and Specs". Edmunds.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
Horrell, Paul (25 January 2011). "Ferrari FF The inside scoop on Ferrari's new FF". Topgear.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
"Ford – Cars, SUVs, Trucks & Crossovers". FordVehicles.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 September 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

wired.com

Davies, Alex (10 October 2014). "The Model D Is Tesla's Most Powerful Car Ever, Plus Autopilot". Wired.com. Retrieved 11 October 2014. Musk said the added efficiency is thanks to the electronic system that will shift power between the front and rear motors from one millisecond to the next, so each is always operating at its most efficient point