"POWELL, Frank", biographical entry, Motion Picture Studio Directory and Trade Journal, Motion Picture News, Inc. (New York, N.Y., 1920), p. 311. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
"Frank Powell Resting", Variety, April 26, 1916, p. 32. Internet Archive. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
Motography, August 29, 1914, p. 322. Internet Archive. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
References to this film's title vary, being cited as either Charity? or Charity. Variety and some other 1916 trade papers and journals often use the latter form, without the question mark, while advertisements for the film in Motion Picture News in 1916 use Charity? More current references, such as the catalog of the American Film Institute, refer to it as Charity.
"Astray from the Steerage", University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Film Archives, Los Angeles California. Retrieved December 5, 2019. In UCLA's records the "direction" of this short is credited to "Frank L. Powell". Although 1877 Ontario birth records document and confirm Powell's full birth name as Francis William Powell, some references giving his assigned credits vary his middle initial, including Frank W. Powell, Frank E. Powell, and Frank L. Powell. Other films credited to him in the UCLA Film Archives are credited simply to "Frank Powell".
