Free-space optical communication (English Wikipedia)

Tom Garlington, Joel Babbitt and George Long (March 2005). "Analysis of Free Space Optics as a Transmission Technology" (PDF). WP No. AMSEL-IE-TS-05001. US Army Information Systems Engineering Command. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2007. Retrieved June 28, 2011.

bizjournals.com

"Visible Light Communication (VLC)/Li-Fi Technology & Free Space Optics (FSO) Market (2013–2018) – By Component (LED, Image Sensor, Opto-couplers), Application (Indoor Networking, Underwater Communication, Location Based Service, ITS) & Geography". January 17, 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-07-09.

bnamericas.com

"BNamericas – TMEX Launches Mexico-US Switch". BNamericas.com. Retrieved 2024-03-16.

books.google.com

Polybius (1889). "Book X". The Histories of Polybius. pp. 43–46.

cablefree.net

"CableFree UNITY Website". Retrieved September 28, 2016.

cesnet.cz

archiv.cesnet.cz

Miloš Wimmer (13 August 2007). "MRV TereScope 700/G Laser Link". CESNET. Retrieved October 27, 2014.

cnet.com

"Pure LiFi transmits data using light". CNET.

dlr.de

Schütz, Andreas; Giggenbach, Dirk (10 November 2008). "DLR communicates with TerraSAR-X Earth Observation satellite via laser beam" (PDF). DLR Portal. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) – German Aerospace Center. Retrieved 14 March 2018.^{[permanent dead link]}

doi.org

Alexander Graham Bell (October 1880). "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light". American Journal of Science. Third Series. XX (118): 305–324. Bibcode:1880AmJS...20..305B. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-20.118.305. S2CID 130048089. also published as "Selenium and the Photophone" in Nature, September 1880.
Bhowal, A.; Kshetrimayum, R. S. (2019). "Outage Probability Bound of Decode and Forward Two Way Relay employing Optical Spatial Modulation over Gamma-Gamma Channels". IET Optoelectronics. 13 (4): 183–190. doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2018.5103. S2CID 115680008.
Bhowal, A.; Kshetrimayum, R. S. (2020). "Relay based Hybrid FSO/RF communication employing Hybrid Spatial Modulation and Transmit Source Selection". IEEE Transactions on Communications. 68 (8): 5018–5027. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2020.2991054. S2CID 219041497.
Robert F. Service (21 December 2001). "Hot New Beam May Zap Bandwidth Bottleneck". Science. 294 (5551): 2454. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2454. PMID 11752548. S2CID 11584005. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Tanaka, Y.; Haruyama, S.; Nakagawa, M. (2000). "Wireless optical transmissions with white colored LED for wireless home links". 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2000. Proceedings. Vol. 2. pp. 1325–1329. doi:10.1109/PIMRC.2000.881634. ISBN 0-7803-6463-5. S2CID 45422597.
J. Grubor; S. Randel; K.-D. Langer; J. W. Walewski (December 15, 2008). "Broadband Information Broadcasting Using LED-Based Interior Lighting". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 26 (24): 3883–3892. Bibcode:2008JLwT...26.3883G. doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.928525. S2CID 3019862.
Lee, I.E.; Sim, M.L.; Kung, F.W.L. (February 2009). "Performance enhancement of outdoor visible-light communication system using selective combining receiver". IET Optoelectronics. 3 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1049/iet-opt:20070014.
Khalighi, M. A.; Uysal, M. (2014). "Survey on Free Space Optical Communication: A Communication Theory Perspective". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 16 (4): 2231–2258. doi:10.1109/COMST.2014.2329501. S2CID 3141460.

doocument.com

"Department of Defense, Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 President's Budget Submission, April 2013, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Justification Book Volume 1, Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Defense-Wide". Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2014.

ebscohost.com

connection.ebscohost.com

Nancy Gohring (March 27, 2000). "TeraBeam's Light Speed; Telephony, Vol. 238 Issue 13, p16". Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Fred Dawson (May 1, 2000). "TeraBeam, Lucent Extend Bandwidth Limits, Multichannel News, Vol 21 Issue 18 Pg 160". Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.

ecsystem.cz

praguebest.cz, PragueBest s.r.o. "Free Space optics (FSO) with capacity 10 Gigabits Full Duplex – EC System". ecsystem.cz. Retrieved 14 March 2018.

fogoptics.com

Fog Optics staff (20 November 2014). "Fog Laser Field Test" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-26. Retrieved 21 December 2014.

globenewswire.com

"TMEX USA, Inc. Announces Entry Into Definitive Merger Agreement With Solargen Energy, Inc., 2,001-to-1 Reverse Stock Split, Amend Its Articles of Incorporation, Change Its Name and Change Its Trading Symbol". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). 2009-01-09. Retrieved 2024-03-16.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Alexander Graham Bell (October 1880). "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light". American Journal of Science. Third Series. XX (118): 305–324. Bibcode:1880AmJS...20..305B. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-20.118.305. S2CID 130048089. also published as "Selenium and the Photophone" in Nature, September 1880.
J. Grubor; S. Randel; K.-D. Langer; J. W. Walewski (December 15, 2008). "Broadband Information Broadcasting Using LED-Based Interior Lighting". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 26 (24): 3883–3892. Bibcode:2008JLwT...26.3883G. doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.928525. S2CID 3019862.

ieee802.org

"IEEE 802.15 WPAN Task Group 7 (TG7) Visible Light Communication". IEEE 802 local and metro area network standards committee. 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2011.

la6nca.net

"German, WWII, WW2, Lichtsprechgerät 80/80". LAUD Electronic Design AS. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2011.

laseritc.ru

Eric Korevaar, Isaac I. Kim and Bruce McArthur (2001). "Atmospheric Propagation Characteristics of Highest Importance to Commercial Free Space Optics" (PDF). Optical Wireless Communications IV, SPIE Vol. 4530 p. 84. Retrieved October 27, 2014.

lightpointe.com

"LightPointe main page". Archived from the original on 2018-03-14. Retrieved October 27, 2014.

modulatedlight.org

Turner, Clint (October 3, 2007). "A 173-mile 2-way all-electronic optical contact". Modulated light web site. Retrieved June 28, 2011.

nasa.gov

"NASA Beams Mona Lisa to Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter at the Moon". NASA. January 17, 2013. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
"Historic Demonstration Proves Laser Communication Possible". NASA. October 28, 2013.
Tavares, Frank (2023-05-11). "NASA, Partners Achieve Fastest Space-to-Ground Laser Comms Link". NASA. Retrieved 2023-08-26.

jpl.nasa.gov

Landau, Elizabeth (9 December 2014). "OPALS: Light Beams Let Data Rates Soar". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2014. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Robert F. Service (21 December 2001). "Hot New Beam May Zap Bandwidth Bottleneck". Science. 294 (5551): 2454. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2454. PMID 11752548. S2CID 11584005. Retrieved 27 October 2014.

phys.org

Schauer, Katherine; NASA. "NASA's space station laser comm terminal achieves first link". phys.org. Retrieved 2023-12-16.

pqarchiver.com

pqasb.pqarchiver.com

Petrie, Kari (November 19, 2010). "City first to sign on to new technology". St. Cloud Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2017.

rochester.edu

ece.rochester.edu

Jing Xue; Alok Garg; Berkehan Ciftcioglu; Jianyun Hu; Shang Wang; Ioannis Savidis; Manish Jain; Rebecca Berman; Peng Liu; Michael Huang; Hui Wu; Eby G. Friedman; Gary W. Wicks; Duncan Moore (June 2010). "An Intra-Chip Free-Space Optical Interconnect" (PDF). The 37th International Symposium on Computer Architecture. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2011.

science.org

Robert F. Service (21 December 2001). "Hot New Beam May Zap Bandwidth Bottleneck". Science. 294 (5551): 2454. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2454. PMID 11752548. S2CID 11584005. Retrieved 27 October 2014.

scribd.com

"Department of DefenseFiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates: February 2011: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Defense-Wide". Retrieved October 4, 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Alexander Graham Bell (October 1880). "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light". American Journal of Science. Third Series. XX (118): 305–324. Bibcode:1880AmJS...20..305B. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-20.118.305. S2CID 130048089. also published as "Selenium and the Photophone" in Nature, September 1880.
Bhowal, A.; Kshetrimayum, R. S. (2019). "Outage Probability Bound of Decode and Forward Two Way Relay employing Optical Spatial Modulation over Gamma-Gamma Channels". IET Optoelectronics. 13 (4): 183–190. doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2018.5103. S2CID 115680008.
Bhowal, A.; Kshetrimayum, R. S. (2020). "Relay based Hybrid FSO/RF communication employing Hybrid Spatial Modulation and Transmit Source Selection". IEEE Transactions on Communications. 68 (8): 5018–5027. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2020.2991054. S2CID 219041497.
Robert F. Service (21 December 2001). "Hot New Beam May Zap Bandwidth Bottleneck". Science. 294 (5551): 2454. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2454. PMID 11752548. S2CID 11584005. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
Tanaka, Y.; Haruyama, S.; Nakagawa, M. (2000). "Wireless optical transmissions with white colored LED for wireless home links". 11th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. PIMRC 2000. Proceedings. Vol. 2. pp. 1325–1329. doi:10.1109/PIMRC.2000.881634. ISBN 0-7803-6463-5. S2CID 45422597.
J. Grubor; S. Randel; K.-D. Langer; J. W. Walewski (December 15, 2008). "Broadband Information Broadcasting Using LED-Based Interior Lighting". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 26 (24): 3883–3892. Bibcode:2008JLwT...26.3883G. doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.928525. S2CID 3019862.
Khalighi, M. A.; Uysal, M. (2014). "Survey on Free Space Optical Communication: A Communication Theory Perspective". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 16 (4): 2231–2258. doi:10.1109/COMST.2014.2329501. S2CID 3141460.

siemens.com

"500 Megabits/Second with White LED Light". news release. Siemens. January 18, 2010. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2013.

spacedaily.com

Schauer, Katherine (October 28, 2021). "Getting NASA data to the ground with lasers". Space Daily.
NASA's First Two-way End-to-End Laser Communications System Oct 2023

srwolf.com

"Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 Budget Estimates: May 2009: Research, Development, Test And Evaluation, Defense-Wide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-27. Retrieved October 4, 2014.

twibright.com

ronja.twibright.com

"Changelog of Twibright Labs Products". ronja.twibright.com. Retrieved 14 March 2018.

utsandiego.com

Bruce V. Bigelow (June 16, 2006). "Zapped of its potential, Rooftop laser startups falter, but debate on high-speed data technology remains". Retrieved October 26, 2014.

vlcc.net

"Visible Light Communication Consortium". VLCC (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 6, 2004.

web.archive.org

"German, WWII, WW2, Lichtsprechgerät 80/80". LAUD Electronic Design AS. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
Tom Garlington, Joel Babbitt and George Long (March 2005). "Analysis of Free Space Optics as a Transmission Technology" (PDF). WP No. AMSEL-IE-TS-05001. US Army Information Systems Engineering Command. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2007. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
"Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 Budget Estimates: May 2009: Research, Development, Test And Evaluation, Defense-Wide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-27. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
Nancy Gohring (March 27, 2000). "TeraBeam's Light Speed; Telephony, Vol. 238 Issue 13, p16". Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Fred Dawson (May 1, 2000). "TeraBeam, Lucent Extend Bandwidth Limits, Multichannel News, Vol 21 Issue 18 Pg 160". Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
"LightPointe main page". Archived from the original on 2018-03-14. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
Fog Optics staff (20 November 2014). "Fog Laser Field Test" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-26. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
"NASA Beams Mona Lisa to Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter at the Moon". NASA. January 17, 2013. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
"Visible Light Communication (VLC)/Li-Fi Technology & Free Space Optics (FSO) Market (2013–2018) – By Component (LED, Image Sensor, Opto-couplers), Application (Indoor Networking, Underwater Communication, Location Based Service, ITS) & Geography". January 17, 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-07-09.
"Visible Light Communication Consortium". VLCC (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 6, 2004.
Petrie, Kari (November 19, 2010). "City first to sign on to new technology". St. Cloud Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
"500 Megabits/Second with White LED Light". news release. Siemens. January 18, 2010. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
Jing Xue; Alok Garg; Berkehan Ciftcioglu; Jianyun Hu; Shang Wang; Ioannis Savidis; Manish Jain; Rebecca Berman; Peng Liu; Michael Huang; Hui Wu; Eby G. Friedman; Gary W. Wicks; Duncan Moore (June 2010). "An Intra-Chip Free-Space Optical Interconnect" (PDF). The 37th International Symposium on Computer Architecture. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2011.

youtube.com

Gary Starkweather. Birth of the Laser Printer. Computer History Museum. Event occurs at 46:53 – via YouTube.

zenodo.org

Alexander Graham Bell (October 1880). "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light". American Journal of Science. Third Series. XX (118): 305–324. Bibcode:1880AmJS...20..305B. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-20.118.305. S2CID 130048089. also published as "Selenium and the Photophone" in Nature, September 1880.
J. Grubor; S. Randel; K.-D. Langer; J. W. Walewski (December 15, 2008). "Broadband Information Broadcasting Using LED-Based Interior Lighting". Journal of Lightwave Technology. 26 (24): 3883–3892. Bibcode:2008JLwT...26.3883G. doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.928525. S2CID 3019862.