Free State Gold Rush (English Wikipedia)

Anupam (25 November 2022). "Diamond Drilling". Metallurgist & Mineral Processing Engineer. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

africaportal.org

McCarthy, Jeff; Johnston, Sandy; Bernstein, Ann (1 July 2005). "Growth and Development in South Africa's heartland: Silence, exit and voice in the Free State". Africa Portal. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

britannica.com

"Free State | province, South Africa | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

dmr.gov.za

"Free State | Department of Mineral Resources". www.dmr.gov.za. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.

doi.org

Oppenheimer, H. (June 1950). "The Orange Free State Gold Fields". The South African Journal of Economics. 18 (2): 148–156. doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1950.tb02628.x. ISSN 0038-2280. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
Kynoch, Gary (1 March 2000). "Marashea on the Mines: Economic, Social and Criminal Networks on the South African Gold Fields, 1947-1999". Journal of Southern African Studies. 26 (1): 79–103. doi:10.1080/030570700108397. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 145448313.
Oppenheimer, Ernest (1947). "The Discovery of Gold in the Orange Free State and Its Economic Effects". African Affairs. 46 (185): 220–223. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a093590. ISSN 0001-9909. JSTOR 718071. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
Marais, Lochner; Nel, Etienne (February 2016). "The dangers of growing on gold: Lessons for mine downscaling from the Free State Goldfields, South Africa". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit. 31 (1–2): 282–298. doi:10.1177/0269094215621725. ISSN 0269-0942. S2CID 155686877.
Winde, Frank; Geipel, Gerhard; Espina, Carolina; Schüz, Joachim (27 June 2019). "Human exposure to uranium in South African gold mining areas using barber-based hair sampling". PLOS ONE. 14 (6): e0219059. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1419059W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219059. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6597193. PMID 31247044.
Schidlowski, M. (1 December 1968). "The gold fraction of the Witwatersrand conglomerates from the Orange Free State goldfield (South Africa)". Mineralium Deposita. 3 (4): 344–363. Bibcode:1968MinDe...3..344S. doi:10.1007/BF00207526. ISSN 1432-1866. S2CID 128823244. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Saager, R. (1 March 1968). "Newly observed ore-minerals from the Basal Reef in the Orange Free State goldfield in South Africa". Economic Geology. 63 (2): 116–123. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.63.2.116. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Graton, Louis Caryl (1 May 1930). "Hydrothermal origin of the Rand gold deposits; Part 1, Testimony of the conglomerates". Economic Geology. 25 (3_Suppl): 1–185. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.25.3_suppl.1. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Hargraves, Robert B. (1 September 1963). "Silver-gold ratios in some Witwatersrand conglomerates". Economic Geology. 58 (6): 952–970. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.58.6.952. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

dx.doi.org

Saager, R. (1 March 1968). "Newly observed ore-minerals from the Basal Reef in the Orange Free State goldfield in South Africa". Economic Geology. 63 (2): 116–123. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.63.2.116. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Graton, Louis Caryl (1 May 1930). "Hydrothermal origin of the Rand gold deposits; Part 1, Testimony of the conglomerates". Economic Geology. 25 (3_Suppl): 1–185. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.25.3_suppl.1. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Hargraves, Robert B. (1 September 1963). "Silver-gold ratios in some Witwatersrand conglomerates". Economic Geology. 58 (6): 952–970. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.58.6.952. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

harmony.co.za

"Harmony Is Focused on Delivering Long-Term Value". www.harmony.co.za. 7 February 2011. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
"Moab Khotson – Overview". www.harmony.co.za. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Winde, Frank; Geipel, Gerhard; Espina, Carolina; Schüz, Joachim (27 June 2019). "Human exposure to uranium in South African gold mining areas using barber-based hair sampling". PLOS ONE. 14 (6): e0219059. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1419059W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219059. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6597193. PMID 31247044.
Schidlowski, M. (1 December 1968). "The gold fraction of the Witwatersrand conglomerates from the Orange Free State goldfield (South Africa)". Mineralium Deposita. 3 (4): 344–363. Bibcode:1968MinDe...3..344S. doi:10.1007/BF00207526. ISSN 1432-1866. S2CID 128823244. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

jstor.org

Scott, Peter (1954). "The Orange Free State Goldfield". Geography. 39 (1): 13–20. ISSN 0016-7487. JSTOR 40564670. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
Oppenheimer, Ernest (1947). "The Discovery of Gold in the Orange Free State and Its Economic Effects". African Affairs. 46 (185): 220–223. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a093590. ISSN 0001-9909. JSTOR 718071. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

latrobefinancialmanagement.com

"Behind gold's glitter, torn lands and pointed questions" (PDF). New York Times. 24 October 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2023.

mining-technology.com

"Target 1 Gold Mine, Free State Province, South Africa". Mining Technology. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Winde, Frank; Geipel, Gerhard; Espina, Carolina; Schüz, Joachim (27 June 2019). "Human exposure to uranium in South African gold mining areas using barber-based hair sampling". PLOS ONE. 14 (6): e0219059. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1419059W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219059. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6597193. PMID 31247044.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Winde, Frank; Geipel, Gerhard; Espina, Carolina; Schüz, Joachim (27 June 2019). "Human exposure to uranium in South African gold mining areas using barber-based hair sampling". PLOS ONE. 14 (6): e0219059. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1419059W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219059. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6597193. PMID 31247044.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Marais, Lochner; Nel, Etienne (February 2016). "The dangers of growing on gold: Lessons for mine downscaling from the Free State Goldfields, South Africa". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit. 31 (1–2): 282–298. doi:10.1177/0269094215621725. ISSN 0269-0942. S2CID 155686877.

sei.org

Strambo, Claudia; Atteridge, Aaron (June 2021). "Collapse of the Free State Goldfields, South Africa" (PDF). Stockholm Environment Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kynoch, Gary (1 March 2000). "Marashea on the Mines: Economic, Social and Criminal Networks on the South African Gold Fields, 1947-1999". Journal of Southern African Studies. 26 (1): 79–103. doi:10.1080/030570700108397. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 145448313.
Marais, Lochner; Nel, Etienne (February 2016). "The dangers of growing on gold: Lessons for mine downscaling from the Free State Goldfields, South Africa". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit. 31 (1–2): 282–298. doi:10.1177/0269094215621725. ISSN 0269-0942. S2CID 155686877.
Schidlowski, M. (1 December 1968). "The gold fraction of the Witwatersrand conglomerates from the Orange Free State goldfield (South Africa)". Mineralium Deposita. 3 (4): 344–363. Bibcode:1968MinDe...3..344S. doi:10.1007/BF00207526. ISSN 1432-1866. S2CID 128823244. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

sibanyestillwater.com

"Beatrix". Sibanye-Stillwater. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.

villagemainreef.com

"Kopanang Mine - Village Main Reef". villagemainreef.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.

web.archive.org

Scott, Peter (1954). "The Orange Free State Goldfield". Geography. 39 (1): 13–20. ISSN 0016-7487. JSTOR 40564670. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
McCarthy, Jeff; Johnston, Sandy; Bernstein, Ann (1 July 2005). "Growth and Development in South Africa's heartland: Silence, exit and voice in the Free State". Africa Portal. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
Strambo, Claudia; Atteridge, Aaron (June 2021). "Collapse of the Free State Goldfields, South Africa" (PDF). Stockholm Environment Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
Oppenheimer, H. (June 1950). "The Orange Free State Gold Fields". The South African Journal of Economics. 18 (2): 148–156. doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1950.tb02628.x. ISSN 0038-2280. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
Roberts, Gladys (1984). The story of the discovery of the Orange Free State goldfields. Vantage Press. ISBN 0-533-05778-7. OCLC 11972453. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
"Free State | province, South Africa | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
Oppenheimer, Ernest (1947). "The Discovery of Gold in the Orange Free State and Its Economic Effects". African Affairs. 46 (185): 220–223. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a093590. ISSN 0001-9909. JSTOR 718071. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
Anupam (25 November 2022). "Diamond Drilling". Metallurgist & Mineral Processing Engineer. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
"Behind gold's glitter, torn lands and pointed questions" (PDF). New York Times. 24 October 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
Schidlowski, M. (1 December 1968). "The gold fraction of the Witwatersrand conglomerates from the Orange Free State goldfield (South Africa)". Mineralium Deposita. 3 (4): 344–363. Bibcode:1968MinDe...3..344S. doi:10.1007/BF00207526. ISSN 1432-1866. S2CID 128823244. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Saager, R. (1 March 1968). "Newly observed ore-minerals from the Basal Reef in the Orange Free State goldfield in South Africa". Economic Geology. 63 (2): 116–123. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.63.2.116. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Graton, Louis Caryl (1 May 1930). "Hydrothermal origin of the Rand gold deposits; Part 1, Testimony of the conglomerates". Economic Geology. 25 (3_Suppl): 1–185. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.25.3_suppl.1. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Hargraves, Robert B. (1 September 1963). "Silver-gold ratios in some Witwatersrand conglomerates". Economic Geology. 58 (6): 952–970. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.58.6.952. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
"Kopanang Mine - Village Main Reef". villagemainreef.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
"Target 1 Gold Mine, Free State Province, South Africa". Mining Technology. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
"Harmony Is Focused on Delivering Long-Term Value". www.harmony.co.za. 7 February 2011. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
"Moab Khotson – Overview". www.harmony.co.za. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
"Beatrix". Sibanye-Stillwater. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
"Free State | Department of Mineral Resources". www.dmr.gov.za. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Oppenheimer, H. (June 1950). "The Orange Free State Gold Fields". The South African Journal of Economics. 18 (2): 148–156. doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1950.tb02628.x. ISSN 0038-2280. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Scott, Peter (1954). "The Orange Free State Goldfield". Geography. 39 (1): 13–20. ISSN 0016-7487. JSTOR 40564670. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
Oppenheimer, H. (June 1950). "The Orange Free State Gold Fields". The South African Journal of Economics. 18 (2): 148–156. doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1950.tb02628.x. ISSN 0038-2280. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
Reinecke, Leopold. The location of payable ore-bodies in the gold-bearing reefs of the Witwatersrand. OCLC 1076047550.
Roberts, Gladys (1984). The story of the discovery of the Orange Free State goldfields. Vantage Press. ISBN 0-533-05778-7. OCLC 11972453. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
Kynoch, Gary (1 March 2000). "Marashea on the Mines: Economic, Social and Criminal Networks on the South African Gold Fields, 1947-1999". Journal of Southern African Studies. 26 (1): 79–103. doi:10.1080/030570700108397. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 145448313.
Rosenthal, Eric; Pretorius, J.H.L.; Pretorius, E.M. (1972). Ensiklopedie van Suidelike Afrika. Warne. OCLC 637922364.
Erasmus, B.P.J. (2004). Op pad in Suid-Afrika. Jonathan Ball Uitgewers. ISBN 1-86842-149-X. OCLC 57435278.
Oppenheimer, Ernest (1947). "The Discovery of Gold in the Orange Free State and Its Economic Effects". African Affairs. 46 (185): 220–223. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a093590. ISSN 0001-9909. JSTOR 718071. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
Marais, Lochner; Nel, Etienne (February 2016). "The dangers of growing on gold: Lessons for mine downscaling from the Free State Goldfields, South Africa". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit. 31 (1–2): 282–298. doi:10.1177/0269094215621725. ISSN 0269-0942. S2CID 155686877.
The Orange Free State Official Guide. Authorized by the Executive Committee of the Provincial Council. OCLC 561835614.
Winde, Frank; Geipel, Gerhard; Espina, Carolina; Schüz, Joachim (27 June 2019). "Human exposure to uranium in South African gold mining areas using barber-based hair sampling". PLOS ONE. 14 (6): e0219059. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1419059W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219059. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6597193. PMID 31247044.
Schidlowski, M. (1 December 1968). "The gold fraction of the Witwatersrand conglomerates from the Orange Free State goldfield (South Africa)". Mineralium Deposita. 3 (4): 344–363. Bibcode:1968MinDe...3..344S. doi:10.1007/BF00207526. ISSN 1432-1866. S2CID 128823244. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Saager, R. (1 March 1968). "Newly observed ore-minerals from the Basal Reef in the Orange Free State goldfield in South Africa". Economic Geology. 63 (2): 116–123. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.63.2.116. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Graton, Louis Caryl (1 May 1930). "Hydrothermal origin of the Rand gold deposits; Part 1, Testimony of the conglomerates". Economic Geology. 25 (3_Suppl): 1–185. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.25.3_suppl.1. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
Hargraves, Robert B. (1 September 1963). "Silver-gold ratios in some Witwatersrand conglomerates". Economic Geology. 58 (6): 952–970. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.58.6.952. ISSN 1554-0774. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

worldcat.org

Reinecke, Leopold. The location of payable ore-bodies in the gold-bearing reefs of the Witwatersrand. OCLC 1076047550.
Roberts, Gladys (1984). The story of the discovery of the Orange Free State goldfields. Vantage Press. ISBN 0-533-05778-7. OCLC 11972453. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
Rosenthal, Eric; Pretorius, J.H.L.; Pretorius, E.M. (1972). Ensiklopedie van Suidelike Afrika. Warne. OCLC 637922364.
Erasmus, B.P.J. (2004). Op pad in Suid-Afrika. Jonathan Ball Uitgewers. ISBN 1-86842-149-X. OCLC 57435278.
The Orange Free State Official Guide. Authorized by the Executive Committee of the Provincial Council. OCLC 561835614.