Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Free kick (association football)" in English language version.
The simpler "conversion" that survives today in rugby and gridiron football was first used at Marlborough College, before being used in the first laws of the Rugby Football Union (1871).[Y]oung Brooke has touched it right under the School [opposition] goal-posts ... Old Brooke stands with the ball under his arm motioning the School back ... Crab Jones ... stands there in front of old Brooke to catch the ball. If [the opponents] can reach and destroy him before he catches, the danger is over ... Fond hope, it is kicked out and caught beautifully. Crab strikes his heel into the ground, to mark the spot where the ball was caught, beyond which the School line may not advance; but there they stand five deep, ready to rush the moment the ball touches the ground. ... Crab Jones ... has made a small hole with his heel for the ball to lie on, by which he is resting on one knee, with his eye on old Brooke. "Now!" Crab places the ball at the word, old Brooke kicks, and it rises slowly and truly as the School rush forward. Then a moment's pause, while both sides look up at the spinning ball. There it flies straight between the two posts, some five feet above the cross-bar, an unquestioned goal
A boy of the name of Ellis — William Webb Ellis — a town boy and a foundationer, who at the age of nine entered the school after the midsummer holidays in 1816, who in the second half-year of 1823 was, I believe, a praepostor, whilst playing Bigside at football in that half-year, caught the ball in his arms. This being so, according to the then rule, he ought to have retired back as far as he pleased, without parting with the ball, for the combatants on the opposite side could only advance to the spot where he had caught the ball, and were unable to rush forward until he had either punted it or placed it for some one else to kick, for it was by means of these placed kicks that most of the goals were in those days kicked, but the moment the ball touched the ground, the opposite side might rush on.
the following new offence to be punished by an indirect free-kick: (3) When not playing the ball, intentionally obstructing an opponent
CHARGES FAIRLY ... WHEN THE BALL IS NOT WITHIN PLAYING DISTANCE OF THE PLAYERS CONCERNED AND THEY ARE DEFINITELY NOT ATTEMPTING TO PLAY IT
Law 13: Decision of the International Board:— If a game has been stopped in consequence of ungentlemanly behaviour by a player, it must be resumed by a free kick in favour of the opposite side, whether the player has only been cautioned or sent off the field
When playing as goalkeeper [...] indulges in tactics which, in the opinion of the Referee, are designed merely to hold up the game and thus waste time and so give an unfair advantage to his own team [...] shall be penalised by the award of an indirect free kick
Delete the words 'and goal-kick'
For any other infringement the kick shall be retaken
Well, sir, years afterwards some one took those rules, still in force at Cambridge, and with very few alterations they became the Association Rules. A fair catch, free kick (as still played at Harrow) was struck out. [emphasis added]
A player who caught the ball direct from a kick could take a 'hoist' (i.e. drop kick)
Whoever catches the Ball is entitled to a free kick if he calls Three yards [2.7 m]
Fair Catch is a Catch from any player provided the Ball has not touched the ground and has not been thrown from touch and entitles a free kick
Any player catching the ball directly from the foot may call 'mark'. He then has a free kick; no player from the opposite side being allowed to come inside the spot marked
A fair catch is a catch direct from the foot, or a knock-on from the hand of one of the opposite side; when the catcher may either run with the ball or make his mark by inserting his heel in the ground on the spot where he catches it; in which case he is entitled to a free kick
The most important points of difference between the two games [Rugby School and Marlborough] [...] are [...] the uniform distance of 30 yards [27 m] in front of "touch" for the "place kick" at Marlborough, instead of the kick from an undefined place at Rugby
When a player has kicked the ball beyond the opponent's goal line, whoever first touches the ball when it is on the ground with his hand may have a free kick, bringing the ball 25 yards [23 m] straight out from the goal line
If a player take a punt when he is not entitled to it, the opposite side may take a punt or drop, without running if the ball has not touched two hands
If a player take a punt when he is not entitled to it, the opposite side may take a punt or drop, without running, (after touching the ball on the ground) if the ball has not touched two hands, but such drop may not be a goal
If any player kicks off-side, the opposite side may claim a fair kick from the place where it was kicked off-side
In case of deliberate infringement of any of the above Rules by either side, the Captain of the opposing side may claim that any one of his party may have a free kick from the place where the breach of the Rules was made; the two Captains in all cases, save where Umpires are appointed, to be the sold judges of infringements
No player shall hold or carry the ball, or knock or push it on with the hand or arm. The side breaking this role forfeits a free kick to the opposite side
No player shall carry or knock on the ball; and handling the ball, under any pretence whatever, shall be prohibited, except in the case of the goal-keeper, who shall be allowed to use his hands for the protection of his goal. In the event of an infringement of this rule, a free kick shall be forfeited to the opposite side from the spot where the infringement took place, but in no case shall a goal be scored from such free kick.
11. In the event of any infringement of Rules VI., VIII., or IX., a free kick shall be forfeited to the opposite side from the spot where the infringement took place, but in no case shall a goal be scored from such free kick, nor shall the ball be again played by the kicker until it shall have been kicked by some other player.
A goal may be scored from a free kick which is awarded because of any infringement of Law 9, but not from any other free kick.
11. In the event of any infringement of Rules 5, 6, 8, or 9, 12, or 14, a free kick shall be forfeited to the opposite side from the spot where the infringement took place.
12. In no case shall a goal be scored from any free kick, nor shall the ball be again played by the kicker until it has been played by another player[emphasis added].
[Law 10]: When a free kick has been awarded, the kicker's opponents shall not approach within 6 yards [5.5 m] of the ball unless they are standing on their own goal-line.
[Law 17]: In the event of any infringement of Laws 5, 6, 8, 10, or 16, a free kick shall be awarded to the opposite side, [emphasis added]
17: In the event of any infringement of Laws 5, 6, 8, 10, or 16, or of a player being sent off the field under Law 13, a free kick shall be awarded to the opposite side [emphasis added]
In the event of any infringement of rules 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10, a free kick shall be forfeited to the opposite side, from the spot where the infringement took place [emphasis added].
[Law 2] Decision of International Board:-- If this law is not complied with, the kick-off must be taken over again
[Law 10]: When a free kick has been awarded, the kicker's opponents shall not approach within 6 yards of the ball unless they are standing on their own goal-line. The ball must at least be rolled over before it shall be considered played; i.e., it must make a complete circuit or travel the distance of its circumference. The kicker shall not play the ball a second time until it has been played by another player. The kick-off (except as provided by Law 2), corner-kick, and goal-kick, shall be free kicks within the meaning of this Law.
[Law 17]: In the event of any infringement of Laws 5, 6, 8, 10, or 16, a free kick shall be awarded to the opposite side, [emphasis added]
In the event of any infringement of Rules 5, 6, 8, or 9, 12, or 14, a free kick shall be forfeited to the opposite side from the spot where the infringement took place.
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