Free software (English Wikipedia)

"Top 20 licenses". Black Duck Software. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2015. 1. MIT license 24%, 2. GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0 23%, 3. Apache License 16%, 4. GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0 9%, 5. BSD License 2.0 (3-clause, New or Revised) License 6%, 6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1 5%, 7. Artistic License (Perl) 4%, 8. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 3.0 2%, 9. Microsoft Public License 2%, 10. Eclipse Public License (EPL) 2%

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Shea, Tom (1983-06-23). "Free software - Free software is a junkyard of software spare parts". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2016-02-10. "In contrast to commercial software is a large and growing body of free software that exists in the public domain. Public-domain software is written by microcomputer hobbyists (also known as "hackers") many of whom are professional programmers in their work life. [...] Since everybody has access to source code, many routines have not only been used but dramatically improved by other programmers."
Dixon, Rod (2004). Open Source Software Law. Artech House. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-58053-719-3. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
Graham, Lawrence D. (1999). Legal battles that shaped the computer industry. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-56720-178-9. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
Toxen, Bob (2003). Real World Linux Security: Intrusion Prevention, Detection, and Recovery. Prentice Hall Professional. p. 365. ISBN 9780130464569.
Mookhey, K.K.; Burghate, Nilesh (2005). Linux: Security, Audit and Control Features. ISACA. p. 128. ISBN 9781893209787.

catb.org (Global: 3,959^th place; English: 3,208^th place)

Eric S. Raymond. "Eric S. Raymond's initial call to start using the term open source software, instead of free software".

charvolant.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Palmer, Doug (2003-02-15). "Why Not Use the GPL? Thoughts on Free and Open-Source Software". www.charvolant.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-24. Retrieved 2020-01-24.

choosealicense.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Licenses". Choose a License. Retrieved 2022-10-19.

cnet.com (Global: 272^nd place; English: 225^th place)

news.cnet.com

"Firefox more secure than MSIE after all". CNET. News.com.

computerweekly.com (Global: 8,313^th place; English: 5,298^th place)

Bridgewater, Adrian (May 13, 2013). "International Space Station adopts Debian Linux, drops Windows & Red Hat into airlock". Computer Weekly. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2013.

debian.org (Global: 3,857^th place; English: 2,958^th place)

"License information". Debian. 2020-09-03.

distrowatch.com (Global: 9,677^th place; English: 8,627^th place)

"DistroWatch Page Hit Ranking". DistroWatch. 30 October 2012. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2012.

doai.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

Waring, Teresa; Maddocks, Philip (1 October 2005). "Open Source Software implementation in the UK public sector: Evidence from the field and implications for the future". International Journal of Information Management. 25 (5): 411–428. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2005.06.002. In addition OSS's development process is creating innovative products that are reliable, secure, practical and have high usability and performance ratings. Users are now not only benefiting from the OSS revolution but also from the improved proprietary software development that is being forced upon suppliers in order to maintain competitive advantage.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Miller, Barton P.; Cooksey, Gregory; Moore, Fredrick (2006). "An empirical study of the robustness of MacOS applications using random testing" (PDF). Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Random testing - RT '06. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 1, 2. doi:10.1145/1145735.1145743. ISBN 159593457X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2010. We are back again, this time testing... Apple's Mac OS X. [...] While the results were reasonable, we were disappointed to find that the reliability was no better than that of the Linux/GNU tools tested in 1995. We were less sure what to expect when testing the GUI- based applications; the results turned out worse than we expected.
Waring, Teresa; Maddocks, Philip (1 October 2005). "Open Source Software implementation in the UK public sector: Evidence from the field and implications for the future". International Journal of Information Management. 25 (5): 411–428. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2005.06.002. In addition OSS's development process is creating innovative products that are reliable, secure, practical and have high usability and performance ratings. Users are now not only benefiting from the OSS revolution but also from the improved proprietary software development that is being forced upon suppliers in order to maintain competitive advantage.

dwheeler.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

David A. Wheeler: Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FLOSS, or FOSS)? Look at the Numbers! 2007

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ec.europa.eu

Rishab Aiyer Ghosh (November 20, 2006). "Study on the: Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU" (PDF). European Union. p. 51. Retrieved 2007-01-25.

freebsd.org (Global: 5,469^th place; English: 3,758^th place)

"Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project". Retrieved 19 March 2015.

fsf.org (Global: 8,472^nd place; English: 7,926^th place)

"What is free software and why is it so important for society?". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
Sullivan, John (17 July 2008). "The Last Mile is Always the Hardest". fsf.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
"Sun begins releasing Java under the GPL". Free Software Foundation. November 15, 2006. Retrieved 2007-09-23.

fsfe.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Four Freedoms". fsfe.org. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
Perens, Bruce. "Debian's "Social Contract" with the Free Software Community". debian-announce mailing list.
"Transcript where Stallman explains about spyware". Fsfe - Free Software Foundation Europe.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Gunter, Joel (May 10, 2013). "International Space Station to boldly go with Linux over Windows". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11.

github.com (Global: 383^rd place; English: 320^th place)

Balter, Ben (2015-03-09). "Open source license usage on GitHub.com". github.com. Retrieved 2015-11-21. "1 MIT 44.69%, 2 Other 15.68%, 3 GPLv2 12.96%, 4 Apache 11.19%, 5 GPLv3 8.88%, 6 BSD 3-clause 4.53%, 7 Unlicense 1.87%, 8 BSD 2-clause 1.70%, 9 LGPLv3 1.30%, 10 AGPLv3 1.05%

gnu.org (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,188^th place)

gnu.org

GNU Project. "What is free software?". Free Software Foundation. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2023.
"Free Software Movement". GNU. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
"Philosophy of the GNU Project". GNU. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
Stallman, Richard M. (2015). Free Software Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman, 3rd Edition (PDF).
Selling Free Software (GNU)
Stallman, Richard (27 September 1983). "Initial Announcement". GNU Project. Free Software Foundation.
Stallman, Richard. "Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing: Access". www.gnu.org.
Stallman, Richard. "Why "Open Source" misses the point of Free Software". GNU Project. Free Software Foundation.
Stallman, Richard (2013-05-14). "The advantages of free software". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
Stallman, Richard. "What is the Free Software Foundation?". GNU's Bulletin. Vol. 1, no. 1. p. 8.
Free Software Foundation. "What is free software?". Retrieved 14 December 2011.
"Various Licenses and Comments about Them". GNU Operating System. 12 January 2022.
Stallman, Richard (2021-12-25). "The BSD License Problem". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
"Links to Other Free Software Sites - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation". Retrieved 19 March 2015.
"Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems".
GNU General Public License, section 4. gnu.org

lists.gnu.org

"[libreplanet-discuss] Is there any software that is libre but not gratis". lists.gnu.org.

ibm.com (Global: 1,131^st place; English: 850^th place)

ibm.com

"IBM launches biggest Linux lineup ever". IBM. 1999-03-02. Archived from the original on 1999-11-10.
"Interview: The Eclipse code donation". IBM. 2001-11-01. Archived from the original on 2009-12-18.

newsroom.ibm.com

"IBM Closes Landmark Acquisition of Red Hat for $34 Billion; Defines Open, Hybrid Cloud Future". IBM Newsroom. Retrieved 2022-10-19.

informationweek.com (Global: 4,522^nd place; English: 2,903^rd place)

Andy Dornan. "The Five Open Source Business Models". Archived from the original on October 10, 2009.

internethalloffame.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Richard Stallman". Internet Hall of Fame. Retrieved 26 March 2017.

kernel.org (Global: 4,558^th place; English: 3,044^th place)

"Release notes for Linux kernel 0.12". Kernel.org.

linfo.org (Global: low place; English: 8,630^th place)

"BSD license definition". Retrieved 19 March 2015.

lse.ac.uk (Global: 2,117^th place; English: 1,361^st place)

eprints.lse.ac.uk

"Total cost of ownership of open source software: a report for the UK Cabinet Office supported by OpenForum Europe". Retrieved 19 March 2015.

lwn.net (Global: 4,423^rd place; English: 2,925^th place)

Hamid, Farrah (2006-05-24). "IBM invests in Brazil Linux Tech Center". LWN.net.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"Definition of GRATIS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2023-05-08.

netcraft.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.netcraft.com

Netcraft (14 March 2023). "Web Server Usage Survey".

pcworld.com (Global: 1,317^th place; English: 873^rd place)

Noyes, Katherine (Aug 3, 2010). "Why Linux Is More Secure Than Windows". PCWorld. Archived from the original on 2013-09-01.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Barton P. Miller; David Koski; Cjin Pheow Lee; Vivekananda Maganty; Ravi Murthy; Ajitkumar Natarajan; Jeff Steidl (11 April 1995). Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of the Reliability of UNIX Utilities and Services (Report). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin: Computer Sciences Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2010. ...The reliability of the basic utilities from GNU and Linux were noticeably better than those of the commercial systems

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

papers.ssrn.com

Carver, Brian W. (2005-04-05). "Share and Share Alike: Understanding and Enforcing Open Source and Free Software Licenses". Berkeley Technology Law Journal. 20: 39. SSRN 1586574.

standishgroup.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Open Source". Standish Newsroom. Standishgroup.com. 2008-04-16. Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

cs.stanford.edu

"GNU". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-17.

suntimes.com (Global: 327^th place; English: 228^th place)

"Ballmer calling open source a 'cancer', saying it's 'not available to commercial companies'". Chicago Sun-Times. 1 June 2001. Archived from the original on 2001-06-15.

swapmeetdave.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ahl, David. "David H. Ahl biography from Who's Who in America". Retrieved 2009-11-23.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

Gunter, Joel (May 10, 2013). "International Space Station to boldly go with Linux over Windows". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11.

unc.edu (Global: 1,538^th place; English: 1,042^nd place)

The Apache Software Foundation. "Apache Strategy in the New Economy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

GNU Project. "What is free software?". Free Software Foundation. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2023.
Sullivan, John (17 July 2008). "The Last Mile is Always the Hardest". fsf.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
"Top 20 licenses". Black Duck Software. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2015. 1. MIT license 24%, 2. GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0 23%, 3. Apache License 16%, 4. GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0 9%, 5. BSD License 2.0 (3-clause, New or Revised) License 6%, 6. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1 5%, 7. Artistic License (Perl) 4%, 8. GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 3.0 2%, 9. Microsoft Public License 2%, 10. Eclipse Public License (EPL) 2%
Palmer, Doug (2003-02-15). "Why Not Use the GPL? Thoughts on Free and Open-Source Software". www.charvolant.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-24. Retrieved 2020-01-24.
Noyes, Katherine (Aug 3, 2010). "Why Linux Is More Secure Than Windows". PCWorld. Archived from the original on 2013-09-01.
Barton P. Miller; David Koski; Cjin Pheow Lee; Vivekananda Maganty; Ravi Murthy; Ajitkumar Natarajan; Jeff Steidl (11 April 1995). Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of the Reliability of UNIX Utilities and Services (Report). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin: Computer Sciences Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2010. ...The reliability of the basic utilities from GNU and Linux were noticeably better than those of the commercial systems
Miller, Barton P.; Cooksey, Gregory; Moore, Fredrick (2006). "An empirical study of the robustness of MacOS applications using random testing" (PDF). Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Random testing - RT '06. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 1, 2. doi:10.1145/1145735.1145743. ISBN 159593457X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2010. We are back again, this time testing... Apple's Mac OS X. [...] While the results were reasonable, we were disappointed to find that the reliability was no better than that of the Linux/GNU tools tested in 1995. We were less sure what to expect when testing the GUI- based applications; the results turned out worse than we expected.
"DistroWatch Page Hit Ranking". DistroWatch. 30 October 2012. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Andy Dornan. "The Five Open Source Business Models". Archived from the original on October 10, 2009.
"Ballmer calling open source a 'cancer', saying it's 'not available to commercial companies'". Chicago Sun-Times. 1 June 2001. Archived from the original on 2001-06-15.
The Apache Software Foundation. "Apache Strategy in the New Economy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16.
Bridgewater, Adrian (May 13, 2013). "International Space Station adopts Debian Linux, drops Windows & Red Hat into airlock". Computer Weekly. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
"IBM launches biggest Linux lineup ever". IBM. 1999-03-02. Archived from the original on 1999-11-10.
"Interview: The Eclipse code donation". IBM. 2001-11-01. Archived from the original on 2009-12-18.
"Open Source". Standish Newsroom. Standishgroup.com. 2008-04-16. Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

Michelle Delio: Linux: Fewer Bugs Than Rivals Wired 2004

wisc.edu (Global: 1,045^th place; English: 746^th place)

ftp.cs.wisc.edu

Miller, Barton P.; Cooksey, Gregory; Moore, Fredrick (2006). "An empirical study of the robustness of MacOS applications using random testing" (PDF). Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Random testing - RT '06. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. 1, 2. doi:10.1145/1145735.1145743. ISBN 159593457X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2010. We are back again, this time testing... Apple's Mac OS X. [...] While the results were reasonable, we were disappointed to find that the reliability was no better than that of the Linux/GNU tools tested in 1995. We were less sure what to expect when testing the GUI- based applications; the results turned out worse than we expected.

wolfire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.wolfire.com

Rosen, David (May 16, 2010). "Open-source software is not always freeware". wolfire.com. Retrieved 2016-01-18.

Free software (English Wikipedia)

albion.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

blackducksoftware.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

catb.org (Global: 3,959th place; English: 3,208th place)

charvolant.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

choosealicense.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnet.com (Global: 272nd place; English: 225th place)

news.cnet.com

computerweekly.com (Global: 8,313th place; English: 5,298th place)

debian.org (Global: 3,857th place; English: 2,958th place)

distrowatch.com (Global: 9,677th place; English: 8,627th place)

doai.io (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dwheeler.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

ec.europa.eu

freebsd.org (Global: 5,469th place; English: 3,758th place)

fsf.org (Global: 8,472nd place; English: 7,926th place)

fsfe.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

github.com (Global: 383rd place; English: 320th place)

gnu.org (Global: 1,475th place; English: 1,188th place)

gnu.org

lists.gnu.org

ibm.com (Global: 1,131st place; English: 850th place)

ibm.com

newsroom.ibm.com

informationweek.com (Global: 4,522nd place; English: 2,903rd place)

internethalloffame.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

kernel.org (Global: 4,558th place; English: 3,044th place)

linfo.org (Global: low place; English: 8,630th place)

lse.ac.uk (Global: 2,117th place; English: 1,361st place)

eprints.lse.ac.uk

lwn.net (Global: 4,423rd place; English: 2,925th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209th place; English: 191st place)

netcraft.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.netcraft.com

pcworld.com (Global: 1,317th place; English: 873rd place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120th place; English: 125th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 703rd place; English: 501st place)

papers.ssrn.com

standishgroup.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

stanford.edu (Global: 179th place; English: 183rd place)

cs.stanford.edu

suntimes.com (Global: 327th place; English: 228th place)

swapmeetdave.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30th place; English: 24th place)

unc.edu (Global: 1,538th place; English: 1,042nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wired.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 152nd place)

wisc.edu (Global: 1,045th place; English: 746th place)

ftp.cs.wisc.edu

wolfire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.wolfire.com

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

catb.org (Global: 3,959^th place; English: 3,208^th place)

cnet.com (Global: 272^nd place; English: 225^th place)

computerweekly.com (Global: 8,313^th place; English: 5,298^th place)

debian.org (Global: 3,857^th place; English: 2,958^th place)

distrowatch.com (Global: 9,677^th place; English: 8,627^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

freebsd.org (Global: 5,469^th place; English: 3,758^th place)

fsf.org (Global: 8,472^nd place; English: 7,926^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

github.com (Global: 383^rd place; English: 320^th place)

gnu.org (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,188^th place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,131^st place; English: 850^th place)

informationweek.com (Global: 4,522^nd place; English: 2,903^rd place)

kernel.org (Global: 4,558^th place; English: 3,044^th place)

linfo.org (Global: low place; English: 8,630^th place)

lse.ac.uk (Global: 2,117^th place; English: 1,361^st place)

lwn.net (Global: 4,423^rd place; English: 2,925^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

pcworld.com (Global: 1,317^th place; English: 873^rd place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

suntimes.com (Global: 327^th place; English: 228^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

unc.edu (Global: 1,538^th place; English: 1,042^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

wisc.edu (Global: 1,045^th place; English: 746^th place)