Friction loss (English Wikipedia)

Allen, J.J.; Shockling, M.; Kunkel, G.; Smits, A.J. (2007). "Turbulent flow in smooth and rough pipes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 365 (1852): 699–714. Bibcode:2007RSPTA.365..699A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2006.1939. PMID 17244585. S2CID 2636599. Per EuRoPol GAZ website.
Brown, G.O. (2003). "The History of the Darcy-Weisbach Equation for Pipe Flow Resistance". Environmental and Water Resources History. American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 34–43. doi:10.1061/40650(2003)4.

efunda.com

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Allen, J.J.; Shockling, M.; Kunkel, G.; Smits, A.J. (2007). "Turbulent flow in smooth and rough pipes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 365 (1852): 699–714. Bibcode:2007RSPTA.365..699A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2006.1939. PMID 17244585. S2CID 2636599. Per EuRoPol GAZ website.

Sentürk, Ali. "Pipe Flow" (PDF). T.C. İSTANBUL KÜLTÜR UNIVERSITY. Retrieved 20 October 2015.

Allen, J.J.; Shockling, M.; Kunkel, G.; Smits, A.J. (2007). "Turbulent flow in smooth and rough pipes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 365 (1852): 699–714. Bibcode:2007RSPTA.365..699A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2006.1939. PMID 17244585. S2CID 2636599. Per EuRoPol GAZ website.

Beckfeld, Gary D. (2012). "HVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing" (PDF). PDH Online, 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2015.

"Pipe Roughness". Pipe Flow Software. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
"Pipe Friction Loss Calculations". Pipe Flow Software. Retrieved 5 October 2015. The friction factor C in the Hazen-Williams formula takes on various values depending on the pipe material, in an attempt to account for surface roughness.

Moody, L. F. (1944), "Friction factors for pipe flow", Transactions of the ASME, 66 (8): 671–684

Allen, J.J.; Shockling, M.; Kunkel, G.; Smits, A.J. (2007). "Turbulent flow in smooth and rough pipes". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 365 (1852): 699–714. Bibcode:2007RSPTA.365..699A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2006.1939. PMID 17244585. S2CID 2636599. Per EuRoPol GAZ website.

Chung, Yongmann. "ES2A7 laboratory Exercises" (PDF). University of Warwick, School of Engineering. Retrieved 20 October 2015.

Beckfeld, Gary D. (2012). "HVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing" (PDF). PDH Online, 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2015.