Front crawl (English Wikipedia)

Maglischo, Ernest W. (2003). Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics. p. 95. ISBN 9780736031806.
Costill, David L; Maglischo, Ernest W; Richardson, Allen B Swimming p. 65

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Charles Daniels | American swimmer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

buffalosportshallfame.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

buffhall (22 June 2017). "CHARLES DANIELS - Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame". www.buffalosportshallfame.com. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

van Houwelingen, Josje (2017). "Effective Propulsion in Swimming: Grasping the Hydrodynamics of Hand and Arm Movements" (PDF). Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 33 (1): 87–100. doi:10.1123/jab.2016-0064. PMID 27705060. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
Virag, Bonnie; Hibberd, Elizabeth E.; Oyama, Sakiko; Padua, Darin A.; Myers, Joseph B. (2014). "Prevalence of Freestyle Biomechanical Errors in Elite Competitive Swimmers". Sports Health. 6 (3): 218–224. doi:10.1177/1941738114527056. PMC 4000476. PMID 24790691.

fina.org (Global: 2,326^th place; English: 1,807^th place)

"Pre-FINA Foundations". Fédération Internationale de Natation. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2019.

livestrong.com (Global: low place; English: 9,557^th place)

Morris, Jenna. "Drills of the Front Crawl Swimming Technique". Livestrong Foundation. Retrieved 31 October 2012.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

van Houwelingen, Josje (2017). "Effective Propulsion in Swimming: Grasping the Hydrodynamics of Hand and Arm Movements" (PDF). Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 33 (1): 87–100. doi:10.1123/jab.2016-0064. PMID 27705060. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
Virag, Bonnie; Hibberd, Elizabeth E.; Oyama, Sakiko; Padua, Darin A.; Myers, Joseph B. (2014). "Prevalence of Freestyle Biomechanical Errors in Elite Competitive Swimmers". Sports Health. 6 (3): 218–224. doi:10.1177/1941738114527056. PMC 4000476. PMID 24790691.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Virag, Bonnie; Hibberd, Elizabeth E.; Oyama, Sakiko; Padua, Darin A.; Myers, Joseph B. (2014). "Prevalence of Freestyle Biomechanical Errors in Elite Competitive Swimmers". Sports Health. 6 (3): 218–224. doi:10.1177/1941738114527056. PMC 4000476. PMID 24790691.

sahof.org.au (Global: low place; English: 7,955^th place)

"Sport Australia Hall of fame: Alick Wickham". Retrieved 28 July 2024.

swimswam.com (Global: 2,668^th place; English: 1,506^th place)

Stewart, Mel (5 June 2013). "The Origin of Freestyle, The Australian Crawl". Swim Swam. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

teamusa.com (Global: low place; English: 6,396^th place)

"Charles Daniels - Olympic Swimmer | Team USA". www.teamusa.com. 16 September 2025. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

usms.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hines, Emmet (1 April 1993). "Longer strokes equal fewer strokes: How many strokes per length should I be taking?". Distance per Stroke. US Masters Swimming. Retrieved 31 October 2012.

virtual-swim.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Virtual-swim.com". virtual-swim.com. Retrieved 9 August 2016.

vu.nl (Global: 8,771^st place; English: 6,166^th place)

personal.fgb.vu.nl

van Houwelingen, Josje (2017). "Effective Propulsion in Swimming: Grasping the Hydrodynamics of Hand and Arm Movements" (PDF). Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 33 (1): 87–100. doi:10.1123/jab.2016-0064. PMID 27705060. Retrieved 10 January 2024.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Pre-FINA Foundations". Fédération Internationale de Natation. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2019.

Front crawl (English Wikipedia)

220triathlon.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

aso.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 7,795th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

buffalosportshallfame.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

fina.org (Global: 2,326th place; English: 1,807th place)

livestrong.com (Global: low place; English: 9,557th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

sahof.org.au (Global: low place; English: 7,955th place)

swimswam.com (Global: 2,668th place; English: 1,506th place)

teamusa.com (Global: low place; English: 6,396th place)

usms.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

virtual-swim.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

vu.nl (Global: 8,771st place; English: 6,166th place)

personal.fgb.vu.nl

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

aso.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 7,795^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

fina.org (Global: 2,326^th place; English: 1,807^th place)

livestrong.com (Global: low place; English: 9,557^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

sahof.org.au (Global: low place; English: 7,955^th place)

swimswam.com (Global: 2,668^th place; English: 1,506^th place)

teamusa.com (Global: low place; English: 6,396^th place)

vu.nl (Global: 8,771^st place; English: 6,166^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)