Frostbite (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Frostbite" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

24nih.gov

4^th place

17doi.org

2^nd place

11web.archive.org

1^st place

8worldcat.org

5^th place

4medscape.com

719^th place

636^th place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

3semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2mayoclinic.org

1,610^th place

1,279^th place

2ummhealth.org

low place

1heart.org

8,639^th place

7,795^th place

1ct.gov

3,566^th place

1,985^th place

1nhs.uk

1,989^th place

1,528^th place

1visualdx.com

low place

1bmj.com

1,226^th place

1,421^st place

1insider.com

584^th place

378^th place

1uptodate.com

3,771^st place

2,605^th place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1bostonmagazine.com

3,842^nd place

2,119^th place

1people.com

31^st place

25^th place

1theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

"British History in depth: The Race to the South Pole". BBC - History. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

bmj.com (Global: 1,226^th place; English: 1,421^st place)

us.bestpractice.bmj.com

"Frostbite". us.bestpractice.bmj.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Singleton, Joanne K.; DiGregorio, Robert V.; Green-Hernandez, Carol (2014). Primary Care, Second Edition: An Interprofessional Perspective. Springer Publishing Company. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-8261-7147-4.
Ferri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 502. ISBN 978-0-323-52957-0.
Auerbach, Paul S. (2011). Wilderness Medicine E-Book: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-4557-3356-9.

bostonmagazine.com (Global: 3,842^nd place; English: 2,119^th place)

"Hugh Herr's Best Foot Forward | Boston Magazine". Boston Magazine. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

ct.gov (Global: 3,566^th place; English: 1,985^th place)

portal.ct.gov

"Frostbite and Hypothermia". CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website. Retrieved 2 July 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Handford, C; Thomas, O; Imray, CHE (May 2017). "Frostbite". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 35 (2): 281–299. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006. PMID 28411928.
McIntosh, Scott E.; Opacic, Matthew; Freer, Luanne; Grissom, Colin K.; Auerbach, Paul S.; Rodway, George W.; Cochran, Amalia; Giesbrecht, Gordon G.; McDevitt, Marion (1 December 2014). "Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 25 (4 Suppl): S43–54. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001. ISSN 1545-1534. PMID 25498262.
Handford, Charles; Buxton, Pauline; Russell, Katie; Imray, Caitlin EA; McIntosh, Scott E; Freer, Luanne; Cochran, Amalia; Imray, Christopher HE (22 April 2014). "Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management". Extreme Physiology & Medicine. 3 7. doi:10.1186/2046-7648-3-7. ISSN 2046-7648. PMC 3994495. PMID 24764516.
Millet, John D.; Brown, Richard K. J.; Levi, Benjamin; Kraft, Casey T.; Jacobson, Jon A.; Gross, Milton D.; Wong, Ka Kit (November 2016). "Frostbite: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Guidelines for Management". Radiographics. 36 (7): 2154–2169. doi:10.1148/rg.2016160045. ISSN 0271-5333. PMC 5131839. PMID 27494386.
Zafren, Ken (2013). "Frostbite: Prevention and Initial Management". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 14 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1089/ham.2012.1114. PMID 23537254. S2CID 3036889.
Knapik JJ, Reynolds KL, Castellani JW (2020). "Frostbite: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention". Journal of Special Operations Medicine. 20 (4): 123–135. doi:10.55460/PDX9-BG8G. PMID 33320326. S2CID 229171926.
Sachs, Christoph; Lehnhardt, Marcus; Daigeler, Adrien; Goertz, Ole (1 March 2017). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (44): 741–747. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741. ISSN 1866-0452. PMC 4650908. PMID 26575137.
McIntosh, SE; Opacic, M; Freer, L; Grissom, CK; Auerbach, PS; Rodway, GW; Cochran, A; Giesbrecht, GG; McDevitt, M; Imray, CH; Johnson, EL; Dow, J; Hackett, PH; Wilderness Medical, Society. (December 2014). "Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 25 (4 Suppl): S43-54. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001. PMID 25498262.
Jurkovich, Gregory J. (February 2007). "Environmental cold-induced injury". The Surgical Clinics of North America. 87 (1): 247–267, viii. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2006.10.003. ISSN 0039-6109. PMID 17127131.
Fudge J (2016). "Preventing and Managing Hypothermia and Frostbite Injury". Sports Health. 8 (2): 133–9. doi:10.1177/1941738116630542. PMC 4789935. PMID 26857732.
Heil, K; Thomas, R; Robertson, G; Porter, A; Milner, R; Wood, A (March 2016). "Freezing and non-freezing cold weather injuries: a systematic review". British Medical Bulletin. 117 (1): 79–93. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldw001. PMID 26872856.
Sachs, C; Lehnhardt, M; Daigeler, A; Goertz, O (30 October 2015). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (44): 741–7. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741. PMC 4650908. PMID 26575137.
Lorentzen, Anne Kathrine; Davis, Christopher; Penninga, Luit (20 December 2020). "Interventions for frostbite injuries". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (12) CD012980. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012980.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 8092677. PMID 33341943.
Golant, A; Nord, RM; Paksima, N; Posner, MA (Dec 2008). "Cold exposure injuries to the extremities". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16 (12): 704–15. doi:10.5435/00124635-200812000-00003. PMID 19056919. S2CID 19274894.
Folio LR, Arkin K, Butler WP (May 2007). "Frostbite in a mountain climber treated with hyperbaric oxygen: case report". Mil Med. 172 (5): 560–3. doi:10.7205/milmed.172.5.560. PMID 17521112.
Gage AA, Ishikawa H, Winter PM (1970). "Experimental frostbite. The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on tissue survival". Cryobiology. 7 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/0011-2240(70)90038-6. PMID 5475096.
Bruen, KJ; Ballard JR; Morris SE; Cochran A; Edelman LS; Saffle JR (2007). "Reduction of the incidence of amputation in frostbite injury with thrombolytic therapy". Archives of Surgery. 142 (6): 546–51. doi:10.1001/archsurg.142.6.546. PMID 17576891.

heart.org (Global: 8,639^th place; English: 7,795^th place)

Williamson, Laura (3 January 2025). "What cold weather does to the body and how to protect yourself this winter". American Heart Association. Retrieved 7 August 2025.

insider.com (Global: 584^th place; English: 378^th place)

Laderer, Ashley. "How to treat frostbite and when you should seek emergency medical help". Insider. Retrieved 30 September 2021.

mayoclinic.org (Global: 1,610^th place; English: 1,279^th place)

"Frostbite - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
"Frostbite". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 7 August 2025.

medscape.com (Global: 719^th place; English: 636^th place)

emedicine.medscape.com

Zonnoor, Bobak (29 February 2024). "Frostbite". Medscape. WebMD LLC. Retrieved 7 August 2025.
"Frostbite Clinical Presentation". emedicine.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
"Frostbite: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". Medscape. Medscape, LLC. 2 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017.

medscape.com

Zonnoor B (29 July 2019). "What are the characteristics of third-degree frostbite?". Medscape. Retrieved 10 May 2020.

nhs.uk (Global: 1,989^th place; English: 1,528^th place)

"Frostbite". UK National Health Service. 24 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2023.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Handford, C; Thomas, O; Imray, CHE (May 2017). "Frostbite". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 35 (2): 281–299. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006. PMID 28411928.
McIntosh, Scott E.; Opacic, Matthew; Freer, Luanne; Grissom, Colin K.; Auerbach, Paul S.; Rodway, George W.; Cochran, Amalia; Giesbrecht, Gordon G.; McDevitt, Marion (1 December 2014). "Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 25 (4 Suppl): S43–54. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001. ISSN 1545-1534. PMID 25498262.
Handford, Charles; Buxton, Pauline; Russell, Katie; Imray, Caitlin EA; McIntosh, Scott E; Freer, Luanne; Cochran, Amalia; Imray, Christopher HE (22 April 2014). "Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management". Extreme Physiology & Medicine. 3 7. doi:10.1186/2046-7648-3-7. ISSN 2046-7648. PMC 3994495. PMID 24764516.
Millet, John D.; Brown, Richard K. J.; Levi, Benjamin; Kraft, Casey T.; Jacobson, Jon A.; Gross, Milton D.; Wong, Ka Kit (November 2016). "Frostbite: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Guidelines for Management". Radiographics. 36 (7): 2154–2169. doi:10.1148/rg.2016160045. ISSN 0271-5333. PMC 5131839. PMID 27494386.
Zafren, Ken (2013). "Frostbite: Prevention and Initial Management". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 14 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1089/ham.2012.1114. PMID 23537254. S2CID 3036889.
Knapik JJ, Reynolds KL, Castellani JW (2020). "Frostbite: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention". Journal of Special Operations Medicine. 20 (4): 123–135. doi:10.55460/PDX9-BG8G. PMID 33320326. S2CID 229171926.
Sachs, Christoph; Lehnhardt, Marcus; Daigeler, Adrien; Goertz, Ole (1 March 2017). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (44): 741–747. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741. ISSN 1866-0452. PMC 4650908. PMID 26575137.
McIntosh, SE; Opacic, M; Freer, L; Grissom, CK; Auerbach, PS; Rodway, GW; Cochran, A; Giesbrecht, GG; McDevitt, M; Imray, CH; Johnson, EL; Dow, J; Hackett, PH; Wilderness Medical, Society. (December 2014). "Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 25 (4 Suppl): S43-54. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001. PMID 25498262.
Jurkovich, Gregory J. (February 2007). "Environmental cold-induced injury". The Surgical Clinics of North America. 87 (1): 247–267, viii. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2006.10.003. ISSN 0039-6109. PMID 17127131.
Fudge J (2016). "Preventing and Managing Hypothermia and Frostbite Injury". Sports Health. 8 (2): 133–9. doi:10.1177/1941738116630542. PMC 4789935. PMID 26857732.
Heil, K; Thomas, R; Robertson, G; Porter, A; Milner, R; Wood, A (March 2016). "Freezing and non-freezing cold weather injuries: a systematic review". British Medical Bulletin. 117 (1): 79–93. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldw001. PMID 26872856.
Sachs, C; Lehnhardt, M; Daigeler, A; Goertz, O (30 October 2015). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (44): 741–7. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741. PMC 4650908. PMID 26575137.
Lorentzen, Anne Kathrine; Davis, Christopher; Penninga, Luit (20 December 2020). "Interventions for frostbite injuries". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (12) CD012980. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012980.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 8092677. PMID 33341943.
Golant, A; Nord, RM; Paksima, N; Posner, MA (Dec 2008). "Cold exposure injuries to the extremities". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16 (12): 704–15. doi:10.5435/00124635-200812000-00003. PMID 19056919. S2CID 19274894.
Finderle Z, Cankar K (April 2002). "Delayed treatment of frostbite injury with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a case report". Aviat Space Environ Med. 73 (4): 392–4. PMID 11952063.
Folio LR, Arkin K, Butler WP (May 2007). "Frostbite in a mountain climber treated with hyperbaric oxygen: case report". Mil Med. 172 (5): 560–3. doi:10.7205/milmed.172.5.560. PMID 17521112.
Gage AA, Ishikawa H, Winter PM (1970). "Experimental frostbite. The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on tissue survival". Cryobiology. 7 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/0011-2240(70)90038-6. PMID 5475096.
Bruen, KJ; Ballard JR; Morris SE; Cochran A; Edelman LS; Saffle JR (2007). "Reduction of the incidence of amputation in frostbite injury with thrombolytic therapy". Archives of Surgery. 142 (6): 546–51. doi:10.1001/archsurg.142.6.546. PMID 17576891.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Handford, Charles; Buxton, Pauline; Russell, Katie; Imray, Caitlin EA; McIntosh, Scott E; Freer, Luanne; Cochran, Amalia; Imray, Christopher HE (22 April 2014). "Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management". Extreme Physiology & Medicine. 3 7. doi:10.1186/2046-7648-3-7. ISSN 2046-7648. PMC 3994495. PMID 24764516.
Millet, John D.; Brown, Richard K. J.; Levi, Benjamin; Kraft, Casey T.; Jacobson, Jon A.; Gross, Milton D.; Wong, Ka Kit (November 2016). "Frostbite: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Guidelines for Management". Radiographics. 36 (7): 2154–2169. doi:10.1148/rg.2016160045. ISSN 0271-5333. PMC 5131839. PMID 27494386.
Sachs, Christoph; Lehnhardt, Marcus; Daigeler, Adrien; Goertz, Ole (1 March 2017). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (44): 741–747. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741. ISSN 1866-0452. PMC 4650908. PMID 26575137.
Fudge J (2016). "Preventing and Managing Hypothermia and Frostbite Injury". Sports Health. 8 (2): 133–9. doi:10.1177/1941738116630542. PMC 4789935. PMID 26857732.
Sachs, C; Lehnhardt, M; Daigeler, A; Goertz, O (30 October 2015). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (44): 741–7. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741. PMC 4650908. PMID 26575137.
Lorentzen, Anne Kathrine; Davis, Christopher; Penninga, Luit (20 December 2020). "Interventions for frostbite injuries". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (12) CD012980. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012980.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 8092677. PMID 33341943.

people.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 25^th place)

"Beck Weathers Says Fateful Everest Climb Saved His Marriage". PEOPLE. 16 September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Zafren, Ken (2013). "Frostbite: Prevention and Initial Management". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 14 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1089/ham.2012.1114. PMID 23537254. S2CID 3036889.
Knapik JJ, Reynolds KL, Castellani JW (2020). "Frostbite: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention". Journal of Special Operations Medicine. 20 (4): 123–135. doi:10.55460/PDX9-BG8G. PMID 33320326. S2CID 229171926.
Golant, A; Nord, RM; Paksima, N; Posner, MA (Dec 2008). "Cold exposure injuries to the extremities". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16 (12): 704–15. doi:10.5435/00124635-200812000-00003. PMID 19056919. S2CID 19274894.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Heawood, Jonathan (27 March 2004). "I'll get there, even if it kills..." The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

ummhealth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Frostbite and Frostnip in Children". UMass Memorial Health. UMass Memorial Health Care. Retrieved 7 August 2025.
"Frostbite and Frostnip in Children". UMass Memorial Health. UMass Memorial Health Care. Retrieved 7 August 2025.

uptodate.com (Global: 3,771^st place; English: 2,605^th place)

"Frostbite". www.uptodate.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

visualdx.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"VisualDx - Frostbite". VisualDx. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Frostbite Clinical Presentation". emedicine.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
"VisualDx - Frostbite". VisualDx. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"Frostbite". us.bestpractice.bmj.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
"Frostbite". www.uptodate.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"Frostbite: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". Medscape. Medscape, LLC. 2 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017.
"British History in depth: The Race to the South Pole". BBC - History. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
"Hugh Herr's Best Foot Forward | Boston Magazine". Boston Magazine. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
"Beck Weathers Says Fateful Everest Climb Saved His Marriage". PEOPLE. 16 September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Heawood, Jonathan (27 March 2004). "I'll get there, even if it kills..." The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Weaver LK, Greenway L, Elliot CG (1988). "Controlled Frostbite Injury to Mice: Outcome of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy". J. Hyperbaric Med. 3 (1): 35–44. Archived from the original on 10 July 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
Ay H, Uzun G, Yildiz S, Solmazgul E, Dundar K, Qyrdedi T, Yildirim I, Gumus T (2005). "The treatment of deep frostbite of both feet in two patients with hyperbaric oxygen". Undersea Hyperb. Med. 32 (1 Suppl). ISSN 1066-2936. OCLC 26915585. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2008.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

McIntosh, Scott E.; Opacic, Matthew; Freer, Luanne; Grissom, Colin K.; Auerbach, Paul S.; Rodway, George W.; Cochran, Amalia; Giesbrecht, Gordon G.; McDevitt, Marion (1 December 2014). "Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 25 (4 Suppl): S43–54. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001. ISSN 1545-1534. PMID 25498262.
Handford, Charles; Buxton, Pauline; Russell, Katie; Imray, Caitlin EA; McIntosh, Scott E; Freer, Luanne; Cochran, Amalia; Imray, Christopher HE (22 April 2014). "Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management". Extreme Physiology & Medicine. 3 7. doi:10.1186/2046-7648-3-7. ISSN 2046-7648. PMC 3994495. PMID 24764516.
Millet, John D.; Brown, Richard K. J.; Levi, Benjamin; Kraft, Casey T.; Jacobson, Jon A.; Gross, Milton D.; Wong, Ka Kit (November 2016). "Frostbite: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Guidelines for Management". Radiographics. 36 (7): 2154–2169. doi:10.1148/rg.2016160045. ISSN 0271-5333. PMC 5131839. PMID 27494386.
Sachs, Christoph; Lehnhardt, Marcus; Daigeler, Adrien; Goertz, Ole (1 March 2017). "The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (44): 741–747. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741. ISSN 1866-0452. PMC 4650908. PMID 26575137.
Jurkovich, Gregory J. (February 2007). "Environmental cold-induced injury". The Surgical Clinics of North America. 87 (1): 247–267, viii. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2006.10.003. ISSN 0039-6109. PMID 17127131.
Lorentzen, Anne Kathrine; Davis, Christopher; Penninga, Luit (20 December 2020). "Interventions for frostbite injuries". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (12) CD012980. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012980.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 8092677. PMID 33341943.
Heawood, Jonathan (27 March 2004). "I'll get there, even if it kills..." The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Ay H, Uzun G, Yildiz S, Solmazgul E, Dundar K, Qyrdedi T, Yildirim I, Gumus T (2005). "The treatment of deep frostbite of both feet in two patients with hyperbaric oxygen". Undersea Hyperb. Med. 32 (1 Suppl). ISSN 1066-2936. OCLC 26915585. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2008.

Frostbite (English Wikipedia)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

bmj.com (Global: 1,226th place; English: 1,421st place)

us.bestpractice.bmj.com

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

bostonmagazine.com (Global: 3,842nd place; English: 2,119th place)

ct.gov (Global: 3,566th place; English: 1,985th place)

portal.ct.gov

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

heart.org (Global: 8,639th place; English: 7,795th place)

insider.com (Global: 584th place; English: 378th place)

mayoclinic.org (Global: 1,610th place; English: 1,279th place)

medscape.com (Global: 719th place; English: 636th place)