Fructose (English Wikipedia)

Dubrunfaut (1847). "Sur une propriété analytique des fermentations alcoolique et lactique, et sur leur application à l'étude des sucres" [On an analytic property of alcoholic and lactic fermentations, and on their application to the study of sugars]. Annales de Chimie et de Physique (in French). 21: 169–178. Archived from the original on 2014-06-27. On page 174, Dubrunfaut relates the discovery and properties of fructose.

diabetesjournals.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kawasaki, Takahiro; Akanuma, Hiroshi; Yamanouchi, Toshikazu (2002). "Increased Fructose Concentrations in Blood and Urine in Patients with Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 25 (2): 353–357. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2.353. PMID 11815509.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wach, Wolfgang (2004). "Fructose". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_047.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
Fruton, J. S. (1974). "Molecules and Life – Historical Essays on the Interplay of Chemistry and Biology". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 18 (4). New York: Wiley-Interscience. doi:10.1002/food.19740180423. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
Shi, Kemeng; Pedersen, Christian Marcus; Guo, Zhaohui; Li, Yanqiu; Zheng, Hongyan; Qiao, Yan; Hu, Tuoping; Wang, Yingxiong (1 December 2018). "NMR studies of the tautomer distributions of d-fructose in lower alcohols/DMSO-d6". Journal of Molecular Liquids. 271: 926–932. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.067. S2CID 104659783. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Schneider, Bernd; Lichtenthaler, Frieder W.; Steinle, Georg; Schiweck, Hubert (22 December 1985). "Studies on Ketoses, 1 Distribution of Furanoid and Pyranoid Tautomers of D-Fructose in Water, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Pyridine via ¹H NMR Intensities of Anomeric Hydroxy Groups in [D6]DMSO". Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 1985 (12): 2443–2453. doi:10.1002/jlac.198519851213. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Funcke, Werner; von Sonntag, Clemens; Triantaphylides, Christian (October 1979). "Detection of the open-chain forms of d-fructose and L-sorbose in aqueous solution by using 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy". Carbohydrate Research. 75: 305–309. doi:10.1016/S0008-6215(00)84649-2. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Dills, WL (1993). "Protein fructosylation: Fructose and the Maillard reaction". Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 779–787. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.779S. PMID 8213610.
Huber, GW; Iborra, S; Corma, A (September 2006). "Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering". Chem. Rev. 106 (9): 4044–98. doi:10.1021/cr068360d. PMID 16967928.
Hanover, L. M.; White, J. S. (1 November 1993). "Manufacturing, composition, and applications of fructose". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5): 724S–732S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.724S. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 8213603. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017 – via nutrition.org.
Lee, Thomas D. (1 January 2000). "Sweeteners". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. doi:10.1002/0471238961.19230505120505.a01.pub2. ISBN 978-0471238966.
Park, KY; Yetley AE (1993). "Intakes and food sources of fructose in the United States". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 737S–747S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.737S. PMID 8213605.
Riby, JE; Fujisawa T; Kretchmer N (1993). "Fructose absorption". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 748S–753S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.748S. PMID 8213606.
White, J. S (2008). "Straight talk about high-fructose corn syrup: What it is and what it ain't". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 88 (6): 1716S–1721S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.25825B. PMID 19064536.
Guthrie, FJ; Morton FJ (2000). "Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 100 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00018-3. PMID 10646004.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Shi, Ya-Nan; Liu, Ya-Jin; Xie, Zhifang; Zhang, Weiping J. (5 June 2021). "Fructose and metabolic diseases: too much to be good". Chinese Medical Journal. 134 (11): 1276–1285. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001545. PMC 8183764. PMID 34010200.
Fujisawa, T; Riby J; Kretchmer N (1991). "Intestinal absorption of fructose in the rat". Gastroenterology. 101 (2): 360–367. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(91)90012-a. PMID 2065911.
Ushijima, K; Fujisawa T; Riby J; Kretchmer N (1991). "Absorption of fructose by isolated small intestine of rats is via a specific saturable carrier in the absence of glucose and by the disaccharidase-related transport system in the presence of glucose". Journal of Nutrition. 125 (8): 2156–2164. doi:10.1093/jn/125.8.2156. PMID 7643250.
Ferraris, R (2001). "Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport". Biochemical Journal. 360 (Pt 2): 265–276. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3600265. PMC 1222226. PMID 11716754.
Beyer, PL; Caviar EM; McCallum RW (2005). "Fructose intake at current levels in the United States may cause gastrointestinal distress in normal adults". J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 105 (10): 1559–1566. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2005.07.002. PMID 16183355.
Ravich, WJ; Bayless TM; Thomas, M (1983). "Fructose: incomplete intestinal absorption in humans". Gastroenterology. 84 (1): 26–29. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(83)80162-0. PMID 6847852.
Riby, JE; Fujisawa T; Kretchmer, N (1993). "Fructose absorption". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 748S–753S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.748S. PMID 8213606.
Rumessen, JJ; Gudman-Hoyer E (1986). "Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides". Gut. 27 (10): 1161–1168. doi:10.1136/gut.27.10.1161. PMC 1433856. PMID 3781328.
Skoog, SM; Bharucha AE (2004). "Dietary fructose and gastrointestinal symptoms: a review". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (10): 2046–50. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40266.x. PMID 15447771. S2CID 12084142.
Fujisawa, T, T; Mulligan K; Wada L; Schumacher L; Riby J; Kretchmer N (1993). "The effect of exercise on fructose absorption". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58 (1): 75–9. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.1.75. PMID 8317393.
Kawasaki, Takahiro; Akanuma, Hiroshi; Yamanouchi, Toshikazu (2002). "Increased Fructose Concentrations in Blood and Urine in Patients with Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 25 (2): 353–357. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2.353. PMID 11815509.
Hajduch, E; Litherland GJ; Turban S; Brot-Laroche E; Hundal HS (Aug 2003). "Insulin regulates the expression of the GLUT5 transporter in L6 skeletal muscle cells". FEBS Letters. 549 (1–3): 77–82. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.549...77H. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00773-7. PMID 12914929. S2CID 25952139.
MA Parniak; Kalant N (1988). "Enhancement of glycogen concentrations in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to glucose and fructose". Biochemical Journal. 251 (3): 795–802. doi:10.1042/bj2510795. PMC 1149073. PMID 3415647.
Jia, Guanghong; Aroor, Annayya R.; Whaley-Connell, Adam T.; Sowers, James R. (June 2014). "Fructose and Uric Acid: Is There a Role in Endothelial Function?". Current Hypertension Reports. 16 (6): 434. doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0434-z. ISSN 1522-6417. PMC 4084511. PMID 24760443.
Medina Villaamil (2011-02-01). "Fructose transporter Glut5 expression in clear renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Reports. 25 (2): 315–23. doi:10.3892/or.2010.1096. hdl:2183/20620. ISSN 1021-335X. PMID 21165569.
"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to fructose and reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses (ID 558) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006". EFSA Journal. 9 (6). EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies: 2223. 2011. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2223. The Panel notes that these values support a significant decrease in post-prandial blood glucose responses when fructose replaces either sucrose or glucose.
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (28 February 2022). "Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars". EFSA Journal. 20 (2): 337. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074. hdl:1854/LU-01GWHCPEH24E9RRDYANKYH53MJ. ISSN 1831-4732. PMC 8884083. PMID 35251356. S2CID 247184182.
Rizkalla, Salwa W (2010). "Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data". Nutrition & Metabolism. 7 (1): 82. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-82. ISSN 1743-7075. PMC 2991323. PMID 21050460.
Thorens, Bernard; Mueckler, Mike (2010). "Glucose transporters in the 21st Century (Review)". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 298 (2): E141–E145. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00712.2009. ISSN 0193-1849. PMC 2822486. PMID 20009031.
Patricia M. Heacock; Steven R. Hertzler; Bryan W. Wolf (2002). "Fructose Prefeeding Reduces the Glycemic Response to a High-Glycemic Index, Starchy Food in Humans". Journal of Nutrition. 132 (9): 2601–2604. doi:10.1093/jn/132.9.2601. PMID 12221216.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

"Fructose. Origin and meaning of fructose". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2017. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

agris.fao.org

Jana, A.H.; Joshi, N.S.S. (November 1994). "Sweeteners for frozen [desserts] success – a review". Australian Journal of Dairy Technology. 49. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

"High Fructose Corn Syrup: Questions and Answers". US Food and Drug Administration. 5 November 2014. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.

glycemicindex.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Glycemic index". Glycemic Index Testing and Research, University of Sydney (Australia) Glycemic Index Research Service (SUGiRS). 2 May 2017. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2018.

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

"Carbohydrates and Health" (PDF). Williams Lea, Norwich, UK: UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, Public Health England, TSO. 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Medina Villaamil (2011-02-01). "Fructose transporter Glut5 expression in clear renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Reports. 25 (2): 315–23. doi:10.3892/or.2010.1096. hdl:2183/20620. ISSN 1021-335X. PMID 21165569.
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (28 February 2022). "Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars". EFSA Journal. 20 (2): 337. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074. hdl:1854/LU-01GWHCPEH24E9RRDYANKYH53MJ. ISSN 1831-4732. PMC 8884083. PMID 35251356. S2CID 247184182.

m-w.com (Global: 9,363^rd place; English: low place)

mw4.m-w.com

"Fructose". m-w.com. Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 19 April 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2014.

monashscientific.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Levulose comes from the Latin word laevus, "left"; levulose is the old word for the most occurring isomer of fructose. D-fructose rotates plane-polarised light to the left, hence the name."Levulose". Archived from the original on 2009-10-08. Retrieved 2010-01-28..

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dills, WL (1993). "Protein fructosylation: Fructose and the Maillard reaction". Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 779–787. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.779S. PMID 8213610.
Huber, GW; Iborra, S; Corma, A (September 2006). "Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering". Chem. Rev. 106 (9): 4044–98. doi:10.1021/cr068360d. PMID 16967928.
Hanover, L. M.; White, J. S. (1 November 1993). "Manufacturing, composition, and applications of fructose". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5): 724S–732S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.724S. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 8213603. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017 – via nutrition.org.
Park, KY; Yetley AE (1993). "Intakes and food sources of fructose in the United States". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 737S–747S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.737S. PMID 8213605.
Riby, JE; Fujisawa T; Kretchmer N (1993). "Fructose absorption". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 748S–753S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.748S. PMID 8213606.
White, J. S (2008). "Straight talk about high-fructose corn syrup: What it is and what it ain't". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 88 (6): 1716S–1721S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.25825B. PMID 19064536.
Guthrie, FJ; Morton FJ (2000). "Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 100 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00018-3. PMID 10646004.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Shi, Ya-Nan; Liu, Ya-Jin; Xie, Zhifang; Zhang, Weiping J. (5 June 2021). "Fructose and metabolic diseases: too much to be good". Chinese Medical Journal. 134 (11): 1276–1285. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001545. PMC 8183764. PMID 34010200.
Fujisawa, T; Riby J; Kretchmer N (1991). "Intestinal absorption of fructose in the rat". Gastroenterology. 101 (2): 360–367. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(91)90012-a. PMID 2065911.
Ushijima, K; Fujisawa T; Riby J; Kretchmer N (1991). "Absorption of fructose by isolated small intestine of rats is via a specific saturable carrier in the absence of glucose and by the disaccharidase-related transport system in the presence of glucose". Journal of Nutrition. 125 (8): 2156–2164. doi:10.1093/jn/125.8.2156. PMID 7643250.
Ferraris, R (2001). "Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport". Biochemical Journal. 360 (Pt 2): 265–276. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3600265. PMC 1222226. PMID 11716754.
Beyer, PL; Caviar EM; McCallum RW (2005). "Fructose intake at current levels in the United States may cause gastrointestinal distress in normal adults". J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 105 (10): 1559–1566. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2005.07.002. PMID 16183355.
Ravich, WJ; Bayless TM; Thomas, M (1983). "Fructose: incomplete intestinal absorption in humans". Gastroenterology. 84 (1): 26–29. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(83)80162-0. PMID 6847852.
Riby, JE; Fujisawa T; Kretchmer, N (1993). "Fructose absorption". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5 Suppl): 748S–753S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.748S. PMID 8213606.
Rumessen, JJ; Gudman-Hoyer E (1986). "Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides". Gut. 27 (10): 1161–1168. doi:10.1136/gut.27.10.1161. PMC 1433856. PMID 3781328.
Skoog, SM; Bharucha AE (2004). "Dietary fructose and gastrointestinal symptoms: a review". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (10): 2046–50. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40266.x. PMID 15447771. S2CID 12084142.
Fujisawa, T, T; Mulligan K; Wada L; Schumacher L; Riby J; Kretchmer N (1993). "The effect of exercise on fructose absorption". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58 (1): 75–9. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.1.75. PMID 8317393.
Kawasaki, Takahiro; Akanuma, Hiroshi; Yamanouchi, Toshikazu (2002). "Increased Fructose Concentrations in Blood and Urine in Patients with Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 25 (2): 353–357. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2.353. PMID 11815509.
Hajduch, E; Litherland GJ; Turban S; Brot-Laroche E; Hundal HS (Aug 2003). "Insulin regulates the expression of the GLUT5 transporter in L6 skeletal muscle cells". FEBS Letters. 549 (1–3): 77–82. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.549...77H. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00773-7. PMID 12914929. S2CID 25952139.
MA Parniak; Kalant N (1988). "Enhancement of glycogen concentrations in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to glucose and fructose". Biochemical Journal. 251 (3): 795–802. doi:10.1042/bj2510795. PMC 1149073. PMID 3415647.
Jia, Guanghong; Aroor, Annayya R.; Whaley-Connell, Adam T.; Sowers, James R. (June 2014). "Fructose and Uric Acid: Is There a Role in Endothelial Function?". Current Hypertension Reports. 16 (6): 434. doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0434-z. ISSN 1522-6417. PMC 4084511. PMID 24760443.
Medina Villaamil (2011-02-01). "Fructose transporter Glut5 expression in clear renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Reports. 25 (2): 315–23. doi:10.3892/or.2010.1096. hdl:2183/20620. ISSN 1021-335X. PMID 21165569.
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (28 February 2022). "Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars". EFSA Journal. 20 (2): 337. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074. hdl:1854/LU-01GWHCPEH24E9RRDYANKYH53MJ. ISSN 1831-4732. PMC 8884083. PMID 35251356. S2CID 247184182.
Rizkalla, Salwa W (2010). "Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data". Nutrition & Metabolism. 7 (1): 82. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-82. ISSN 1743-7075. PMC 2991323. PMID 21050460.
Thorens, Bernard; Mueckler, Mike (2010). "Glucose transporters in the 21st Century (Review)". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 298 (2): E141–E145. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00712.2009. ISSN 0193-1849. PMC 2822486. PMID 20009031.
Patricia M. Heacock; Steven R. Hertzler; Bryan W. Wolf (2002). "Fructose Prefeeding Reduces the Glycemic Response to a High-Glycemic Index, Starchy Food in Humans". Journal of Nutrition. 132 (9): 2601–2604. doi:10.1093/jn/132.9.2601. PMID 12221216.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Shi, Ya-Nan; Liu, Ya-Jin; Xie, Zhifang; Zhang, Weiping J. (5 June 2021). "Fructose and metabolic diseases: too much to be good". Chinese Medical Journal. 134 (11): 1276–1285. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000001545. PMC 8183764. PMID 34010200.
Ferraris, R (2001). "Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport". Biochemical Journal. 360 (Pt 2): 265–276. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3600265. PMC 1222226. PMID 11716754.
Rumessen, JJ; Gudman-Hoyer E (1986). "Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides". Gut. 27 (10): 1161–1168. doi:10.1136/gut.27.10.1161. PMC 1433856. PMID 3781328.
MA Parniak; Kalant N (1988). "Enhancement of glycogen concentrations in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to glucose and fructose". Biochemical Journal. 251 (3): 795–802. doi:10.1042/bj2510795. PMC 1149073. PMID 3415647.
Jia, Guanghong; Aroor, Annayya R.; Whaley-Connell, Adam T.; Sowers, James R. (June 2014). "Fructose and Uric Acid: Is There a Role in Endothelial Function?". Current Hypertension Reports. 16 (6): 434. doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0434-z. ISSN 1522-6417. PMC 4084511. PMID 24760443.
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (28 February 2022). "Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars". EFSA Journal. 20 (2): 337. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074. hdl:1854/LU-01GWHCPEH24E9RRDYANKYH53MJ. ISSN 1831-4732. PMC 8884083. PMID 35251356. S2CID 247184182.
Rizkalla, Salwa W (2010). "Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data". Nutrition & Metabolism. 7 (1): 82. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-82. ISSN 1743-7075. PMC 2991323. PMID 21050460.
Thorens, Bernard; Mueckler, Mike (2010). "Glucose transporters in the 21st Century (Review)". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 298 (2): E141–E145. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00712.2009. ISSN 0193-1849. PMC 2822486. PMID 20009031.

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus – 57-48-7 – BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-UYFOZJQFSA-N – Fructose [USP:JAN] – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. US National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.

nutrition.org (Global: 9,827^th place; English: low place)

ajcn.nutrition.org

Hanover, L. M.; White, J. S. (1 November 1993). "Manufacturing, composition, and applications of fructose". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5): 724S–732S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.724S. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 8213603. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017 – via nutrition.org.

oregonstate.edu (Global: 2,217^th place; English: 1,359^th place)

food.oregonstate.edu

"Sugar Sweetness". food.oregonstate.edu. Oregon State University. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2017.

qmul.ac.uk (Global: 2,246^th place; English: 3,626^th place)

iupac.qmul.ac.uk

"2-Carb-10". Archived from the original on 2023-06-18. Retrieved 2023-06-18.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Shi, Kemeng; Pedersen, Christian Marcus; Guo, Zhaohui; Li, Yanqiu; Zheng, Hongyan; Qiao, Yan; Hu, Tuoping; Wang, Yingxiong (1 December 2018). "NMR studies of the tautomer distributions of d-fructose in lower alcohols/DMSO-d6". Journal of Molecular Liquids. 271: 926–932. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.067. S2CID 104659783. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Skoog, SM; Bharucha AE (2004). "Dietary fructose and gastrointestinal symptoms: a review". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (10): 2046–50. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40266.x. PMID 15447771. S2CID 12084142.
Hajduch, E; Litherland GJ; Turban S; Brot-Laroche E; Hundal HS (Aug 2003). "Insulin regulates the expression of the GLUT5 transporter in L6 skeletal muscle cells". FEBS Letters. 549 (1–3): 77–82. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.549...77H. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00773-7. PMID 12914929. S2CID 25952139.
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (28 February 2022). "Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars". EFSA Journal. 20 (2): 337. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074. hdl:1854/LU-01GWHCPEH24E9RRDYANKYH53MJ. ISSN 1831-4732. PMC 8884083. PMID 35251356. S2CID 247184182.

uni-regensburg.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

chemie.uni-regensburg.de

Keusch, P. "Yeast and Sugar- the Chemistry must be right". Archived from the original on December 20, 2010.

usda.gov (Global: 512^th place; English: 322^nd place)

ndb.nal.usda.gov

"Calories and nutrient composition for fructose, dry powder per 100 g". USDA National Nutrient Database, version SR-28. May 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-02-08.
"Calories and nutrient composition for sucrose granules per 100 g". USDA National Nutrient Database, version SR-28. May 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-02-08.

fdc.nal.usda.gov

Use link to FoodData Central (USDA) Archived 2019-10-25 at the Wayback Machine and then search for the particular food, and click on "SR Legacy Foods".

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"2-Carb-10". Archived from the original on 2023-06-18. Retrieved 2023-06-18.
"Fructose". m-w.com. Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 19 April 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
Levulose comes from the Latin word laevus, "left"; levulose is the old word for the most occurring isomer of fructose. D-fructose rotates plane-polarised light to the left, hence the name."Levulose". Archived from the original on 2009-10-08. Retrieved 2010-01-28..
Chambers, Michael. "ChemIDplus – 57-48-7 – BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-UYFOZJQFSA-N – Fructose [USP:JAN] – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information". chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. US National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
Dubrunfaut (1847). "Sur une propriété analytique des fermentations alcoolique et lactique, et sur leur application à l'étude des sucres" [On an analytic property of alcoholic and lactic fermentations, and on their application to the study of sugars]. Annales de Chimie et de Physique (in French). 21: 169–178. Archived from the original on 2014-06-27. On page 174, Dubrunfaut relates the discovery and properties of fructose.
Fruton, J. S. (1974). "Molecules and Life – Historical Essays on the Interplay of Chemistry and Biology". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 18 (4). New York: Wiley-Interscience. doi:10.1002/food.19740180423. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
"Fructose. Origin and meaning of fructose". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2017. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
Shi, Kemeng; Pedersen, Christian Marcus; Guo, Zhaohui; Li, Yanqiu; Zheng, Hongyan; Qiao, Yan; Hu, Tuoping; Wang, Yingxiong (1 December 2018). "NMR studies of the tautomer distributions of d-fructose in lower alcohols/DMSO-d6". Journal of Molecular Liquids. 271: 926–932. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.067. S2CID 104659783. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Schneider, Bernd; Lichtenthaler, Frieder W.; Steinle, Georg; Schiweck, Hubert (22 December 1985). "Studies on Ketoses, 1 Distribution of Furanoid and Pyranoid Tautomers of D-Fructose in Water, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Pyridine via ¹H NMR Intensities of Anomeric Hydroxy Groups in [D6]DMSO". Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 1985 (12): 2443–2453. doi:10.1002/jlac.198519851213. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Funcke, Werner; von Sonntag, Clemens; Triantaphylides, Christian (October 1979). "Detection of the open-chain forms of d-fructose and L-sorbose in aqueous solution by using 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy". Carbohydrate Research. 75: 305–309. doi:10.1016/S0008-6215(00)84649-2. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Keusch, P. "Yeast and Sugar- the Chemistry must be right". Archived from the original on December 20, 2010.
Hanover, L. M.; White, J. S. (1 November 1993). "Manufacturing, composition, and applications of fructose". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5): 724S–732S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.724S. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 8213603. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017 – via nutrition.org.
"Sugar Sweetness". food.oregonstate.edu. Oregon State University. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Jana, A.H.; Joshi, N.S.S. (November 1994). "Sweeteners for frozen [desserts] success – a review". Australian Journal of Dairy Technology. 49. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Use link to FoodData Central (USDA) Archived 2019-10-25 at the Wayback Machine and then search for the particular food, and click on "SR Legacy Foods".
"High Fructose Corn Syrup: Questions and Answers". US Food and Drug Administration. 5 November 2014. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
"Calories and nutrient composition for fructose, dry powder per 100 g". USDA National Nutrient Database, version SR-28. May 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-02-08.
"Calories and nutrient composition for sucrose granules per 100 g". USDA National Nutrient Database, version SR-28. May 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-02-08.
United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
"Carbohydrates and Health" (PDF). Williams Lea, Norwich, UK: UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, Public Health England, TSO. 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
"Glycemic index". Glycemic Index Testing and Research, University of Sydney (Australia) Glycemic Index Research Service (SUGiRS). 2 May 2017. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2018.

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Fruton, J. S. (1974). "Molecules and Life – Historical Essays on the Interplay of Chemistry and Biology". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 18 (4). New York: Wiley-Interscience. doi:10.1002/food.19740180423. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-02-05.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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Hanover, L. M.; White, J. S. (1 November 1993). "Manufacturing, composition, and applications of fructose". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (5): 724S–732S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.724S. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 8213603. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017 – via nutrition.org.
Jia, Guanghong; Aroor, Annayya R.; Whaley-Connell, Adam T.; Sowers, James R. (June 2014). "Fructose and Uric Acid: Is There a Role in Endothelial Function?". Current Hypertension Reports. 16 (6): 434. doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0434-z. ISSN 1522-6417. PMC 4084511. PMID 24760443.
Medina Villaamil (2011-02-01). "Fructose transporter Glut5 expression in clear renal cell carcinoma". Oncology Reports. 25 (2): 315–23. doi:10.3892/or.2010.1096. hdl:2183/20620. ISSN 1021-335X. PMID 21165569.
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (28 February 2022). "Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars". EFSA Journal. 20 (2): 337. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074. hdl:1854/LU-01GWHCPEH24E9RRDYANKYH53MJ. ISSN 1831-4732. PMC 8884083. PMID 35251356. S2CID 247184182.
Rizkalla, Salwa W (2010). "Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data". Nutrition & Metabolism. 7 (1): 82. doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-82. ISSN 1743-7075. PMC 2991323. PMID 21050460.
Thorens, Bernard; Mueckler, Mike (2010). "Glucose transporters in the 21st Century (Review)". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 298 (2): E141–E145. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00712.2009. ISSN 0193-1849. PMC 2822486. PMID 20009031.

Fructose (English Wikipedia)

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