Fuel oil (English Wikipedia)

"Sulfur oxides (SOx) – Regulation 14". International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2013. SOx and particulate matter emission controls apply to all fuel oil

bloomberg.com

Robert Wall (10 July 2013). "Rolls-Royce Revives Age of Sail to Beat Fuel-Cost Surge: Freight". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013. a development which will prompt a switch to "a much more diverse fuel pallet"

bunkerworld.com

"Bunkerworld Account - Login". www.bunkerworld.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.

chevronmarineproducts.com

"RMG and RMK" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.
"DMA and DMB" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.

cruiselawnews.com

"bunker fuel". Cruise Law News. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.

dan-bunkering.com

"Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships" (PDF). www.dan-bunkering.com. Retrieved 4 October 2020.

doe.gov

eia.doe.gov

"U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2004. Retrieved 21 August 2009.

doi.org

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID 93958844.
Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

gwu.edu

nsarchive.gwu.edu

Hermann, Burkely (20 January 2022). "National Security and Climate Change: Behind the U.S. Pursuit of Military Exemptions to the Kyoto Protocol". Briefing Book # 784. National Security Archive. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID 93958844.

hellenicshippingnews.com

"Power sector's thirst for fuel oil after IMO low sulfur cap shifts bunker demand - Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide". www.hellenicshippingnews.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.

imo.org

"IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions". www.imo.org. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
"Sulfur oxides (SOx) – Regulation 14". International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2013. SOx and particulate matter emission controls apply to all fuel oil

iso.org

https://www.iso.org/standard/64247.html Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine ISO8217:2017

marineinsight.com

MOHIT (19 October 2010). "Bunkering is Dangerous: Procedure for Bunkering Operation on a Ship". Marine Insight. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015. Site seems to require enabling of cookies.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

mpa.gov.sg

"Bunkering". Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA). Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.

nyc.gov

www1.nyc.gov

"Mayor Bloomberg Presents an Update to PlaNYC: a Greener, Greater New York". NYC.gov. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
Office of the Mayor (9 February 2016). "Mayor de Blasio and DEP Announce That All 5,300 Buildings Have Discontinued Use of Most Polluting Heating Oil, Leading to Significantly Cleaner Air". City of New York. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.

qut.edu.au

eprints.qut.edu.au

Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID 93958844.
Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

shipandbunker.com

Tolson, Adrian (25 March 2021). "Welcome to the 229 Million Metric Ton Global Bunker Market!". Ship & Bunker. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.

stand.earth

"Clean up the Shipping Industry". Stand.earth. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.

theguardian.com

Vidal, John (21 May 2016). "The world's largest cruise ship and its supersized pollution problem". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2018. Cruise companies create a picture of being a bright, clean and environmentally friendly tourism sector. But the opposite is true. One cruise ship emits as many air pollutants as five million cars going the same distance because these ships use heavy fuel that on land would have to be disposed of as hazardous waste."... "Heavy fuel oil can contain 3,500 times more sulfur than diesel that is used for land traffic vehicles. Ships do not have exhaust abatement technologies like particulate filters that are standard on passenger cars and lorries

theicct.org

"A global snapshot of the air pollution-related health impacts of transportation sector emissions in 2010 and 2015 | International Council on Clean Transportation". theicct.org. Retrieved 30 April 2020.

transportenvironment.org

"Luxury cruise giant emits 10 times more air pollution (SOx) than all of Europe's cars – study | Transport & Environment". www.transportenvironment.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2020.

washingtonpost.com

Jon Gambrell and Associated Press (20 July 2013). "Oil bunkering threatens Nigeria's economy, environment". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

web.archive.org

"Mayor Bloomberg Presents an Update to PlaNYC: a Greener, Greater New York". NYC.gov. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
Office of the Mayor (9 February 2016). "Mayor de Blasio and DEP Announce That All 5,300 Buildings Have Discontinued Use of Most Polluting Heating Oil, Leading to Significantly Cleaner Air". City of New York. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
"U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2004. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
"Luxury cruise giant emits 10 times more air pollution (SOx) than all of Europe's cars – study | Transport & Environment". www.transportenvironment.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
"Bunkerworld Account - Login". www.bunkerworld.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
https://www.iso.org/standard/64247.html Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine ISO8217:2017
Tolson, Adrian (25 March 2021). "Welcome to the 229 Million Metric Ton Global Bunker Market!". Ship & Bunker. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
"RMG and RMK" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.
Robert Wall (10 July 2013). "Rolls-Royce Revives Age of Sail to Beat Fuel-Cost Surge: Freight". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013. a development which will prompt a switch to "a much more diverse fuel pallet"
"DMA and DMB" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.
Vidal, John (21 May 2016). "The world's largest cruise ship and its supersized pollution problem". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2018. Cruise companies create a picture of being a bright, clean and environmentally friendly tourism sector. But the opposite is true. One cruise ship emits as many air pollutants as five million cars going the same distance because these ships use heavy fuel that on land would have to be disposed of as hazardous waste."... "Heavy fuel oil can contain 3,500 times more sulfur than diesel that is used for land traffic vehicles. Ships do not have exhaust abatement technologies like particulate filters that are standard on passenger cars and lorries
"bunker fuel". Cruise Law News. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
"Clean up the Shipping Industry". Stand.earth. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
"Bunkering". Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA). Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
MOHIT (19 October 2010). "Bunkering is Dangerous: Procedure for Bunkering Operation on a Ship". Marine Insight. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015. Site seems to require enabling of cookies.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Jon Gambrell and Associated Press (20 July 2013). "Oil bunkering threatens Nigeria's economy, environment". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
"Power sector's thirst for fuel oil after IMO low sulfur cap shifts bunker demand - Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide". www.hellenicshippingnews.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
Hermann, Burkely (20 January 2022). "National Security and Climate Change: Behind the U.S. Pursuit of Military Exemptions to the Kyoto Protocol". Briefing Book # 784. National Security Archive. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.

worldcat.org

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.