Fuel oil (English Wikipedia)

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID 93958844.
Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. Bibcode:2019TRPD...70..123C. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

arquivo.pt (Global: 2,454^th place; English: 1,792^nd place)

"Sulfur oxides (SOx) – Regulation 14". International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2013. SOx and particulate matter emission controls apply to all fuel oil

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Robert Wall (10 July 2013). "Rolls-Royce Revives Age of Sail to Beat Fuel-Cost Surge: Freight". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013. a development which will prompt a switch to "a much more diverse fuel pallet"

bunkerworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bunkerworld Account - Login". www.bunkerworld.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.

chevronmarineproducts.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"RMG and RMK" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.
"DMA and DMB" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.

cruiselawnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"bunker fuel". Cruise Law News. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.

dan-bunkering.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships" (PDF). www.dan-bunkering.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2020.

doe.gov (Global: 3,382^nd place; English: 2,488^th place)

eia.doe.gov

"U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2004. Retrieved 21 August 2009.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID 93958844.
Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. Bibcode:2019TRPD...70..123C. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

gwu.edu (Global: 1,486^th place; English: 945^th place)

nsarchive.gwu.edu

Hermann, Burkely (20 January 2022). "National Security and Climate Change: Behind the U.S. Pursuit of Military Exemptions to the Kyoto Protocol". Briefing Book # 784. National Security Archive. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.

hellenicshippingnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Power sector's thirst for fuel oil after IMO low sulfur cap shifts bunker demand - Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide". www.hellenicshippingnews.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
"IMO: Outcomes of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 83)". Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide. 20 March 2025. Retrieved 19 June 2025.

imo.org (Global: 9,362^nd place; English: 7,832^nd place)

"IMO 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions". www.imo.org. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
"Sulfur oxides (SOx) – Regulation 14". International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2013. SOx and particulate matter emission controls apply to all fuel oil

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

https://www.iso.org/standard/64247.html Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine ISO8217:2017

marineinsight.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

MOHIT (19 October 2010). "Bunkering is Dangerous: Procedure for Bunkering Operation on a Ship". Marine Insight. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015. Site seems to require enabling of cookies.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

mpa.gov.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bunkering". Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA). Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.

nyc.gov (Global: 687^th place; English: 348^th place)

www1.nyc.gov

"Mayor Bloomberg Presents an Update to PlaNYC: a Greener, Greater New York". NYC.gov. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
Office of the Mayor (9 February 2016). "Mayor de Blasio and DEP Announce That All 5,300 Buildings Have Discontinued Use of Most Polluting Heating Oil, Leading to Significantly Cleaner Air". City of New York. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.

qut.edu.au (Global: 9,497^th place; English: 5,600^th place)

eprints.qut.edu.au

Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. Bibcode:2019TRPD...70..123C. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

safety4sea.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kypriotaki, Anastasia (10 October 2024). "DNV Energy Transition Outlook 2024: Maritime energy demand will only grow slightly". SAFETY4SEA. Retrieved 19 June 2025.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Chiffi, Cosimo; Pastori, Enrico (2009). "Emissions of maritime transport: a reference system". Science of the Total Environment. 408 (2): 318–323. Bibcode:2009ScTEn.408..318S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.037. PMID 19840885. S2CID 8271813.
Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071. S2CID 93958844.
Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. Bibcode:2019TRPD...70..123C. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

shipandbunker.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tolson, Adrian (25 March 2021). "Welcome to the 229 Million Metric Ton Global Bunker Market!". Ship & Bunker. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.

stand.earth (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Clean up the Shipping Industry". Stand.earth. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Vidal, John (21 May 2016). "The world's largest cruise ship and its supersized pollution problem". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2018. Cruise companies create a picture of being a bright, clean and environmentally friendly tourism sector. But the opposite is true. One cruise ship emits as many air pollutants as five million cars going the same distance because these ships use heavy fuel that on land would have to be disposed of as hazardous waste."... "Heavy fuel oil can contain 3,500 times more sulfur than diesel that is used for land traffic vehicles. Ships do not have exhaust abatement technologies like particulate filters that are standard on passenger cars and lorries

theicct.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"A global snapshot of the air pollution-related health impacts of transportation sector emissions in 2010 and 2015 | International Council on Clean Transportation". theicct.org. Retrieved 30 April 2020.

transportenvironment.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Abbasov, Faig (4 June 2019). "Luxury cruise giant emits 10 times more air pollution (SOx) than all of Europe's cars – study". T&E (European Federation for Transport and Environment).

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Jon Gambrell and Associated Press (20 July 2013). "Oil bunkering threatens Nigeria's economy, environment". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2015.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Mayor Bloomberg Presents an Update to PlaNYC: a Greener, Greater New York". NYC.gov. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
Office of the Mayor (9 February 2016). "Mayor de Blasio and DEP Announce That All 5,300 Buildings Have Discontinued Use of Most Polluting Heating Oil, Leading to Significantly Cleaner Air". City of New York. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
"U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Archived from the original on 1 November 2004. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
"Bunkerworld Account - Login". www.bunkerworld.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
https://www.iso.org/standard/64247.html Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine ISO8217:2017
Tolson, Adrian (25 March 2021). "Welcome to the 229 Million Metric Ton Global Bunker Market!". Ship & Bunker. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021.
"RMG and RMK" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.
Robert Wall (10 July 2013). "Rolls-Royce Revives Age of Sail to Beat Fuel-Cost Surge: Freight". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013. a development which will prompt a switch to "a much more diverse fuel pallet"
"DMA and DMB" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2012.
Vidal, John (21 May 2016). "The world's largest cruise ship and its supersized pollution problem". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2018. Cruise companies create a picture of being a bright, clean and environmentally friendly tourism sector. But the opposite is true. One cruise ship emits as many air pollutants as five million cars going the same distance because these ships use heavy fuel that on land would have to be disposed of as hazardous waste."... "Heavy fuel oil can contain 3,500 times more sulfur than diesel that is used for land traffic vehicles. Ships do not have exhaust abatement technologies like particulate filters that are standard on passenger cars and lorries
"bunker fuel". Cruise Law News. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
"Clean up the Shipping Industry". Stand.earth. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
"Bunkering". Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA). Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
MOHIT (19 October 2010). "Bunkering is Dangerous: Procedure for Bunkering Operation on a Ship". Marine Insight. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015. Site seems to require enabling of cookies.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Jon Gambrell and Associated Press (20 July 2013). "Oil bunkering threatens Nigeria's economy, environment". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
"Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships" (PDF). www.dan-bunkering.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
"Power sector's thirst for fuel oil after IMO low sulfur cap shifts bunker demand - Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide". www.hellenicshippingnews.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
Hermann, Burkely (20 January 2022). "National Security and Climate Change: Behind the U.S. Pursuit of Military Exemptions to the Kyoto Protocol". Briefing Book # 784. National Security Archive. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Sofiev, Mikhail; Winebrake, James J.; Johansson, Lasse; Carr, Edward W.; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Corbett, James J. (6 February 2018). "Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 406. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..406S. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02774-9. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5802819. PMID 29410475.
Chu Van, Thuy; Ramirez, Jerome; Rainey, Thomas; Ristovski, Zoran; Brown, Richard J. (1 May 2019). "Global impacts of recent IMO regulations on marine fuel oil refining processes and ship emissions" (PDF). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 70: 123–134. Bibcode:2019TRPD...70..123C. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.001. ISSN 1361-9209. S2CID 133571823.

Fuel oil (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

arquivo.pt (Global: 2,454th place; English: 1,792nd place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; English: 85th place)

bunkerworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

chevronmarineproducts.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cruiselawnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dan-bunkering.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doe.gov (Global: 3,382nd place; English: 2,488th place)

eia.doe.gov

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

gwu.edu (Global: 1,486th place; English: 945th place)

nsarchive.gwu.edu

hellenicshippingnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

imo.org (Global: 9,362nd place; English: 7,832nd place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190th place; English: 1,097th place)

marineinsight.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mpa.gov.sg (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nyc.gov (Global: 687th place; English: 348th place)

www1.nyc.gov

qut.edu.au (Global: 9,497th place; English: 5,600th place)

eprints.qut.edu.au

safety4sea.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

shipandbunker.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

stand.earth (Global: low place; English: low place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

theicct.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

transportenvironment.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35th place; English: 24th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

arquivo.pt (Global: 2,454^th place; English: 1,792^nd place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

doe.gov (Global: 3,382^nd place; English: 2,488^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

gwu.edu (Global: 1,486^th place; English: 945^th place)

imo.org (Global: 9,362^nd place; English: 7,832^nd place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nyc.gov (Global: 687^th place; English: 348^th place)

qut.edu.au (Global: 9,497^th place; English: 5,600^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)