Fulgencio Batista (English Wikipedia)

Walsh, Daniel C. (2012). An Air War with Cuba. North Carolina: McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-6506-4. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Castro: The Great Survivor". BBC News. October 2000. Retrieved May 15, 2006.

books.google.com

Wright, Robert; Wylie, Lana, eds. (2009). Our Place in the Sun: Canada and Cuba in the Castro Era. University of Toronto Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8020-9666-1. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
Havana By Brendan Sainsbury [1].
Fidel Castro's Road to Power, Volume 1.
Morales Dominguez, Esteban; Prevost, Gary (2008). United States-Cuban Relations: A Critical History. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 34. ISBN 978-0739124437. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Díaz-Briquets, Sergio; Pérez-López, Jorge F. (2006). Corruption in Cuba: Castro and beyond. University of Texas Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-292-71482-3.
Paterson, Thomas G. (1995). Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution. Oxford University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-19-510120-1.
Horowitz, Irving Louis (1988). Cuban communism. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books. p. 662. ISBN 978-0-88738-672-5.

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Fernández, Arnaldo M. (July 16, 2020). "Efemérides de la Contrarrevolución Cubana". Cubacentro.

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"Mambí Army" Data Base.

cubaheritage.org

Cuban History, Architecture & Culture Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

cubanet.org

Cino, Luis (March 13, 2006). "Rubén el terrible" [Rubén the terrible]. Cubanet. Coral Gables, FL: CubaNet News, Inc. Archived from the original on November 30, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2017. En las actas del juzgado de Banes siguió siendo legalmente Rubén Zaldívar hasta que en 1939, al ser nominado a la candidatura presidencial, se descubrió que la inscripción de nacimiento de Fulgencio Batista no existía. Conseguirla le costó postergar la presentación de su candidatura y quince mil pesos para pagar al juez." – "In the minutes of the courthouse at Banes he remained legally being Rubén Zaldívar until 1939, when, nominated to the presidential candidacy, it was discovered that Fulgencio Batista's birth certificate did not exist. To obtain it cost him the postponing the presentation of his candidacy and fifteen thousand pesos to pay the [local] judge.
Castro, Tania Díaz (October 17, 2016). "Mi verdad sobre Enrique de la Osa". Cubanet (in Spanish). Retrieved October 4, 2024.

dictionary.com

"Batista". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

doi.org

Alarcón, Ricardo. "The Long March of the Cuban Revolution." Monthly Review 60, no. 8 (January 1, 2009): 24. doi:10.14452/mr-060-08-2009-01_2.

economist.com

"The Cuban revolution at 50: Heroic myth and prosaic failure". The Economist. December 30, 2008.

historicaltextarchive.com

Batista y Zaldívar, Fulgencio Archived May 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine by Aimee Estill, Historical Text Archive.

historyofcuba.com

Sierra, Jerry A. "Fulgencio Batista, from army sergeant to dictator". www.historyofcuba.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
Fulgencio Batista Archived May 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine fun facts by History of Cuba.

historytoday.com

Cavendish, Richard (March 2002). "General Batista Returns to Power in Cuba". History Today. Vol. 52, no. 3. London: History Today Ltd. Retrieved September 30, 2017.

informefracto.com

Vilaboy, Sergio Guerra (August 15, 2019). "Enrique de la Osa, del aprismo a la Revolución". Informe Fracto (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved October 4, 2024.

jacobinmag.com

Cuba Before the Revolution by Samuel Farber, Jacobin Magazine, September 6, 2015.

lacasaazul.org

La piel de la memoria by René Dayre Abella.

latinamericanstudies.org

"See".

mcfarlandbooks.com

Walsh, Daniel C. (2012). An Air War with Cuba. North Carolina: McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-6506-4. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013.

ne.se

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npr.org

Audio: Recalling Castro's Ascension – And CIA Reaction by Tom Gjelten, NPR Morning Edition, January 1, 2009.

nytimes.com

DePalma, Anthony (March 6, 2008). "Ramón Barquín, Cuban Colonel, Dies at 93". The New York Times. Retrieved March 31, 2008.

pbs.org

American Experience: Fulgencio Batista by PBS.

pensacolanewsjournal.com

"Son of former Cuban leader dies"^{[permanent dead link‍]}. Pensacola News Journal. November 9, 2007. ^{[dead link‍]}

smithsonianmag.com

Before the Revolution by Natasha Geiling, Smithsonian Magazine, July 31, 2007.

state.gov

history.state.gov

This date is given in many sources although there is none that seemed to be clearly definitive. The closest is a recommendation from US Secretary of State Dean Acheson to President Truman on March 24 recommending recognition on that date: Acheson, Dean (March 24, 1952). "Continuation of Diplomatic Relations with Cuba". Office of the Historian of the United States Department of State. United States Department of State. Retrieved March 9, 2017.

thecubanhistory.com

William Morgan: A Rebel "Americano" in Cuba at The Cuban History, May 16, 2012.

thenation.com

'A Visit With Castro' by Arthur Miller, The Nation, 2003

time.com

"Evolution of a Dictator". Time. June 12, 1944. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2010.

u-s-history.com

Fulgencio Batista: Cuban Dictator, 1901–1973 at U-S History.

ucsb.edu

presidency.ucsb.edu

Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy at Democratic Dinner, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 6, 1960 from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.

ucsd.edu

libraries.ucsd.edu

"Elections and Events 1935–1951 – The Library". Libraries.ucsd.edu. Archived from the original on January 12, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
"Cuba: Elections and Events 1952-1959". Collections of Distinction: Latin American Elections Statistics. The Library, UC San Diego. Retrieved November 30, 2016.

upi.com

"Widow of Cuban strongman Batista dies". United Press International. October 5, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2016.

washingtonpost.com

Sullivan, Patricia (March 6, 2008). "Ramón M. Barquín, 93; Led Failed '56 Coup in Cuba". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 31, 2008.

web.archive.org

Cino, Luis (March 13, 2006). "Rubén el terrible" [Rubén the terrible]. Cubanet. Coral Gables, FL: CubaNet News, Inc. Archived from the original on November 30, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2017. En las actas del juzgado de Banes siguió siendo legalmente Rubén Zaldívar hasta que en 1939, al ser nominado a la candidatura presidencial, se descubrió que la inscripción de nacimiento de Fulgencio Batista no existía. Conseguirla le costó postergar la presentación de su candidatura y quince mil pesos para pagar al juez." – "In the minutes of the courthouse at Banes he remained legally being Rubén Zaldívar until 1939, when, nominated to the presidential candidacy, it was discovered that Fulgencio Batista's birth certificate did not exist. To obtain it cost him the postponing the presentation of his candidacy and fifteen thousand pesos to pay the [local] judge.
"Elections and Events 1935–1951 – The Library". Libraries.ucsd.edu. Archived from the original on January 12, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
Sierra, Jerry A. "Fulgencio Batista, from army sergeant to dictator". www.historyofcuba.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
Batista y Zaldívar, Fulgencio Archived May 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine by Aimee Estill, Historical Text Archive.
"Evolution of a Dictator". Time. June 12, 1944. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1933. The American Republics: Volume V, p. 384. http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1933v05/reference/frus.frus1933v05.i0010.pdf Archived February 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
"Plain Talk in Spanish", Time, December 28, 1942, Retrieved March 2, 2010
"Batista's Boost", Time, January 18, 1943, Retrieved March 2, 2010.
Biography of Fulgencio Batista – Profile Archived February 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine About.com.
Fulgencio Batista Archived May 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine fun facts by History of Cuba.
Cuban History, Architecture & Culture Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

English: /fʊlˈhɛnsioʊ bəˈtiːstə/ ^ⓘ fuul-HEN-see-oh bə-TEE-stə,^[1] Latin American Spanish: [fulˈxensjo βaˈtista j salˈdiβaɾ].

wisc.edu

images.library.wisc.edu

Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1933. The American Republics: Volume V, p. 384. http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1933v05/reference/frus.frus1933v05.i0010.pdf Archived February 24, 2021, at the Wayback Machine

digicoll.library.wisc.edu

United States Department of State (1944), "Foreign relations of the United States : diplomatic papers, 1944", The American Republics, vol. VII, University of Wisconsin Digital Collections, p. 910, retrieved April 8, 2010

youtube.com

Fidel: The Untold Story. (2001). Directed by Estela Bravo. First Run Features. (91 min). Viewable clip. "Batista's forces were trained by the United States, which also armed them with tanks, artillery, and aircraft."
Fidel: The Untold Story. (2001). Directed by Estela Bravo. First Run Features. (91 min). Viewable clip.
Fidel: The Untold Story. (2001). Directed by Estela Bravo. First Run Features. (91 min). Viewable clip. "An estimated 20,000 people were murdered by government forces during the Batista dictatorship."