Funj Sultanate (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Funj Sultanate" in English language version.

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13worldcat.org

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Peacock 2012, p. 91. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, p. 98. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, pp. 98–101. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, pp. 96–97. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Smidt 2010, p. 665. Smidt, Wolbert (2010). "Sinnar". In Siegbert Uhlig, Alessandro Bausi (ed.). Encyclopedia Aethiopica. Vol. 4. Harrassowitz. pp. 665–667. ISBN 9783447062466.
Peacock 2012, p. 97. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, pp. 101–102. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Kropp 1996, pp. 116–118, note 21. Kropp, Manfred (1996). "Äthiopisch–sudanesische Kriege im 18. Jhdt.". Der Sudan in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (in German). Peter Lang. pp. 111–131. ISBN 3631480911.
Kropp 1996, p. 125. Kropp, Manfred (1996). "Äthiopisch–sudanesische Kriege im 18. Jhdt.". Der Sudan in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (in German). Peter Lang. pp. 111–131. ISBN 3631480911.
Kropp 1996, p. 128. Kropp, Manfred (1996). "Äthiopisch–sudanesische Kriege im 18. Jhdt.". Der Sudan in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (in German). Peter Lang. pp. 111–131. ISBN 3631480911.
Gerhards 2023, pp. 140–141. Gerhards, Gabriel (2023). "Präarabische Sprachen der Ja'aliyin und Ababde in der europäischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts". Der Antike Sudan (in German). 34. Sudanarchäologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin e.V: 135–152.

archive.org

McHugh 1994, p. 9, "The spread of Arabic flowed not only from the dispersion of Arabs but from the unification of the Nile by a government, the Funj sultanate, that utilized Arabic as an official means of communication, and from the use of Arabic as a trade language." McHugh, Neil (1994). Holymen of the Blue Nile: The Making of an Arab-Islamic Community in the Nilotic Sudan. Northwestern University. ISBN 0810110695.
James 2008, pp. 68–69. James, Wendy (2008). "Sudan: Majorities, Minorities, and Language Interactions". In Andrew Simpson (ed.). Language and National Identity in Africa. Oxford University. pp. 61–78. ISBN 978-0199286744.
Trimingham, J. Spencer (1996). "Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa, till the 19th century". The Last Great Muslim Empires. History of the Muslim World, 3. Abbreviated and adapted by F. R. C. Bagley (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-55876-112-4. The date when the Funj rulers adopted Islam is not known, but must have been fairly soon after the foundation of Sennār, because they then entered into relations with Muslim groups over a wide area.
James Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, vol. 2.
McHugh 1994, p. 53. McHugh, Neil (1994). Holymen of the Blue Nile: The Making of an Arab-Islamic Community in the Nilotic Sudan. Northwestern University. ISBN 0810110695.
McHugh 1994, p. 54. McHugh, Neil (1994). Holymen of the Blue Nile: The Making of an Arab-Islamic Community in the Nilotic Sudan. Northwestern University. ISBN 0810110695.
McHugh 1994, pp. 53–54. McHugh, Neil (1994). Holymen of the Blue Nile: The Making of an Arab-Islamic Community in the Nilotic Sudan. Northwestern University. ISBN 0810110695.
McGregor 2006, p. 73. McGregor, Andrew James (2006). A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War. Praeger. ISBN 0275986012.
Oliver & Atmore 2001, p. 106. Oliver, Roland; Atmore, Anthony (2001). Medieval Africa, 1250-1800. Cambridge University. ISBN 978-0-521-79024-6.
Natsoulas 2003, p. 78. Natsoulas, Theodore (2003). "Charles Poncet's Travels to Ethiopia, 1698 to 1703". In Glenn Joseph Ames; Ronald S. Love (eds.). Distant Lands and Diverse Cultures: The French Experience in Asia, 1600–1700. Praeger. pp. 71–96. ISBN 0313308640.
MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.

bibalex.org

modernegypt.bibalex.org

"Text Viewer" فرمان سلطاني إلى محمد علي بتقليده حكم السودان بغير حق التوارث [Sultanic Firman to Muhammad Ali Appointing Him Ruler of the Sudan Without Hereditary Rights] (in Arabic). Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Memory of Modern Egypt Digital Archive. Retrieved 12 August 2010.

books.google.com

Trimingham, J. Spencer (1996). "Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa, till the 19th century". The Last Great Muslim Empires. History of the Muslim World, 3. Abbreviated and adapted by F. R. C. Bagley (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-55876-112-4. The date when the Funj rulers adopted Islam is not known, but must have been fairly soon after the foundation of Sennār, because they then entered into relations with Muslim groups over a wide area.
Welch, Galbraith (1949). North African Prelude: The First Seven Thousand Years (snippet view). New York: W. Morrow. p. 463. OCLC 413248. Retrieved 12 August 2010. The government was semirepublican; when a sultan died the great council picked a successor from among the royal children. Then—presumably to keep the peace—they killed all the rest.
Avakov, Alexander V. (2010). Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics: World Population, GDP, and PPP. New York: Algora Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-87586-750-2.
Pinkerton, John (1814). "Poncet's Journey to Abyssinia". A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World. Vol. 15. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. p. 71. OCLC 1397394.
Ogot 1999, p. 91 Ogot, B. A., ed. (1999). "Chapter 7: The Sudan, 1500–1800". General History of Africa. Vol. V: Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 89–103. ISBN 978-0-520-06700-4.
Russegger 1844, p. 769. Russegger, Joseph (1844). Reise in Egypten, Nubien und Ost-Sudan. Vol. 2, Part 2. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung.
Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.

britishmuseum.org

Anderson, Julie R. (2008). "A Mamluk Coin from Kulubnarti, Sudan" (PDF). British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan (10): 68. Retrieved 12 August 2010. Much further to the south, the Funj Sultanate based in Sennar (1504/5–1820), rarely minted coins and the markets did not normally use coinage as a form of exchange. Foreign coins themselves were commodities and frequently kept for jewellery. Units of items such as gold, grain, iron, cloth and salt had specific values and were used for trade, particularly on a local level.

centrumnubia.org

Zurawski 2012, p. 24. Zurawski, Bogdan (2012). Banganarti on the Nile. An archaeological guide (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
Zurawski 2012, pp. 68–69. Zurawski, Bogdan (2012). Banganarti on the Nile. An archaeological guide (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2019.

doi.org

Peacock 2012, p. 91. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, p. 98. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, pp. 98–101. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, pp. 96–97. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, p. 97. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.
Peacock 2012, pp. 101–102. Peacock, A.C.S. (2012). "The Ottomans and the Funj sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 75 (1). University of London: 87–111. doi:10.1017/S0041977X11000838.

egnet.net

ifao.egnet.net

Ménage 1988, pp. 143–144. Ménage, V. L. (1988). "The Ottomans and Nubia in the Sixteenth Century". Annales Islamoloiques. 24. Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire: 137–153.
Ménage 1988, pp. 145–146. Ménage, V. L. (1988). "The Ottomans and Nubia in the Sixteenth Century". Annales Islamoloiques. 24. Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire: 137–153.

hu-berlin.de

www2.rz.hu-berlin.de

Grajetzki 2009, p. 117. Grajetzki, Wolfram (2009). "Das Ende der christlich-nubischen Reiche" (PDF). Internet-Beiträge zur Ägyptologie und Sudanarchäologie. X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
Grajetzki 2009, p. 123. Grajetzki, Wolfram (2009). "Das Ende der christlich-nubischen Reiche" (PDF). Internet-Beiträge zur Ägyptologie und Sudanarchäologie. X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2018.

jstor.org

Bender, M. Lionel (1983). "Color Term Encoding in a Special Lexical Domain: Sudanese Arabic Skin Colors". Anthropological Linguistics. 25 (1): 19–27. JSTOR 30027653. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

loc.gov

hdl.loc.gov

Ofcansky, Thomas (June 1991). Helen Chapin Metz (ed.). Sudan: A Country Study. Federal Research Division. The Funj. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009.

meroiticnewsletter.org

Spaulding 1974, pp. 21–22. Spaulding, Jay (1974). "The Fate of Alodia" (PDF). Meroitic Newsletter. 15: 12–30. ISSN 1266-1635.

sfdas.com

Crowfoot 1918, pp. 55–56. Crowfoot, J. W. (1918). "The sign of the cross" (PDF). Sudan Notes and Records. 1: 55–56, 216.
Chataway 1930, p. 256. Chataway, J. D. P. (1930). "Notes on the history of the Fung" (PDF). Sudan Notes and Records. 13: 247–258.

web.archive.org

Ofcansky, Thomas (June 1991). Helen Chapin Metz (ed.). Sudan: A Country Study. Federal Research Division. The Funj. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009.
Grajetzki 2009, p. 117. Grajetzki, Wolfram (2009). "Das Ende der christlich-nubischen Reiche" (PDF). Internet-Beiträge zur Ägyptologie und Sudanarchäologie. X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
Grajetzki 2009, p. 123. Grajetzki, Wolfram (2009). "Das Ende der christlich-nubischen Reiche" (PDF). Internet-Beiträge zur Ägyptologie und Sudanarchäologie. X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
Zurawski 2012, p. 24. Zurawski, Bogdan (2012). Banganarti on the Nile. An archaeological guide (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
Zurawski 2012, pp. 68–69. Zurawski, Bogdan (2012). Banganarti on the Nile. An archaeological guide (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2019.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Welch, Galbraith (1949). North African Prelude: The First Seven Thousand Years (snippet view). New York: W. Morrow. p. 463. OCLC 413248. Retrieved 12 August 2010. The government was semirepublican; when a sultan died the great council picked a successor from among the royal children. Then—presumably to keep the peace—they killed all the rest.
Pinkerton, John (1814). "Poncet's Journey to Abyssinia". A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World. Vol. 15. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. p. 71. OCLC 1397394.
Hasan 1967, p. 176. Hasan, Yusuf Fadl (1967). The Arabs and the Sudan. From the seventh to the early sixteenth century. Edinburgh University. OCLC 33206034.
Crawford 1951, p. 136. Crawford, O. G. S. (1951). The Fung Kingdom of Sennar. John Bellows LTD. OCLC 253111091.
Aregay & Selassie 1971, p. 64. Aregay, Merid Wolde; Selassie, Sergew Hable (1971). "Sudanese-Ethiopian Relations Before the 19th Century". In Yusuf Fadl Hasan (ed.). Sudan in Africa. Khartoum University. pp. 62–72. OCLC 248684619.
Aregay & Selassie 1971, p. 65. Aregay, Merid Wolde; Selassie, Sergew Hable (1971). "Sudanese-Ethiopian Relations Before the 19th Century". In Yusuf Fadl Hasan (ed.). Sudan in Africa. Khartoum University. pp. 62–72. OCLC 248684619.
Aregay & Selassie 1971, pp. 65–66. Aregay, Merid Wolde; Selassie, Sergew Hable (1971). "Sudanese-Ethiopian Relations Before the 19th Century". In Yusuf Fadl Hasan (ed.). Sudan in Africa. Khartoum University. pp. 62–72. OCLC 248684619.
Aregay & Selassie 1971, p. 68. Aregay, Merid Wolde; Selassie, Sergew Hable (1971). "Sudanese-Ethiopian Relations Before the 19th Century". In Yusuf Fadl Hasan (ed.). Sudan in Africa. Khartoum University. pp. 62–72. OCLC 248684619.
Hasan 1967, pp. 131–132. Hasan, Yusuf Fadl (1967). The Arabs and the Sudan. From the seventh to the early sixteenth century. Edinburgh University. OCLC 33206034.
Spaulding 1974, pp. 21–22. Spaulding, Jay (1974). "The Fate of Alodia" (PDF). Meroitic Newsletter. 15: 12–30. ISSN 1266-1635.
Aregay & Selassie 1971, pp. 68–70. Aregay, Merid Wolde; Selassie, Sergew Hable (1971). "Sudanese-Ethiopian Relations Before the 19th Century". In Yusuf Fadl Hasan (ed.). Sudan in Africa. Khartoum University. pp. 62–72. OCLC 248684619.
Spaulding 2006, pp. 395–396. Spaulding, Jay (2006). "Pastoralism, Slavery, Commerce, Culture and the Fate of the Nubians of Northern and Central Kordofan Under Dar Fur Rule, ca. 1750-ca. 1850". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 39 (3). Boston University African Studies Center. ISSN 0361-7882.
MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.