Gaius Marius (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Gaius Marius" in English language version.

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Hazel 2002, p. 187. "As tribune of the plebs he threatened Metellus Delmaticus for his opposition, thus earning the hostility of that family, which cost him the aedileship". Hazel, John (2002). Who's Who in the Roman World. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-29162-3.
Beard 2015, p. 267. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome. ISBN 978-0-6556-4914-4.
Weston, Plutarch & Rainey 1900, p. 255. Weston, W. H.; Plutarch; Rainey, W. (1900). Plutarch's lives for boys and girls: being selected lives freely retold. New York: Stokes.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Etcheto 2012, p. 278. "Pour sa part, F. Coarelli propose de reconnaître Scipion l’Africain sous les traits du 'Sylla' de Copenhague tandis que le 'Marius' de Munich serait l’effigie de son frère l’Asiatique, ce qui reste certainement la solution la plus vraisemblable". Etcheto, Henri (2012). Les Scipions. Famille et pouvoir à Rome à l'époque républicaine [The Scipiones: Family and power in Rome during the Republican epoch] (in French). Bordeaux: Ausonius Éditions. Retrieved 8 February 2022.

biblioscout.net

Taylor 2019, p. 79 Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, p. 79. "Relatively modest facts have been spun into the overarching 'Marian reforms', which are ultimately the construct of modern scholarship". Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Gauthier 2020, p. 284, citing, among others, CIL I, 593. See generally Gauthier, François (2021). "Did velites really disappear in the late Roman republic?". Historia. 70 (1): 69–82. doi:10.25162/historia-2021-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 230543924.
Taylor 2019, p. 78, citing Plut. Mar., 25 for the claim of a redesigned pilum. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, pp. 78–79, 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, p. 89, citing Sall. Iug., 51.3, where "Metellus... opposed four legionary cohorts to the enemy's infantry", pushed through, and won the battle. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 18. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.

books.google.com

Duncan 2017, p. 81; Plut. Mar., 3.1. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Evans 1995, p. 175; Duncan 2017, p. 81. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Lintott 1994, p. 62; Duncan 2017, p. 82. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 82; Plut. Mar., 3.3 Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Duncan 2017, p. 85. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 86. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Flower 2010, p. 74. Flower, Harriet I (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8.
Duncan 2017, p. 87. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 90. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 91. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Evans 1995, p. 69; Duncan 2017, p. 91. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 92. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 89–90. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 104. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 108. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 108–109. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 109. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 110. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 111. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 112. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Evans 1995, p. 135; Lintott 1994, p. 91; Duncan 2017, p. 113. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 117. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 113–14. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 114. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 118. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Telford 2014, p. 31. Telford, Lynda (2014). Sulla - a dictator reconsidered. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78303-048-4.
Baker 2020, pp. 71, 76. Baker, Gabriel David (2020). Spare no one: mass violence in Roman warfare. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1222-9.
Telford 2014, p. 32. Telford, Lynda (2014). Sulla - a dictator reconsidered. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78303-048-4.
Telford 2014, p. 33. Telford, Lynda (2014). Sulla - a dictator reconsidered. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78303-048-4.
Duncan 2017, p. 119. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 122. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 124. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 128. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 128, 282, citing Plut. Mar., 10. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Duncan 2017, pp. 22, 113–14, 131 (noting a further exemption during the Cimbric war). Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Lintott 1994, p. 92. "The Romans continued to levy regularly by conscription". Gruen 1995, p. 367. "And the Marian reforms... did not abolish the levy. Conscription continued... to the end of the republic". Gruen, Erich (1995). The last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.
Gruen 1995, p. xvii. "Nothing suggests that the soldiery had developed a separatist mentality, let alone that they contemplated toppling the republic. Even those who crossed the Rubicon responded to appeals on constitutional grounds". Gruen, Erich (1995). The last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 18. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Duncan 2017, p. 106. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 119–20. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 120. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 126. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 127. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 136. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 127–28. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 130. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 131. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 135. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Crawford 1974, p. 328. Crawford, Michael Hewson (1974). Roman Republican Coinage. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07492-6.
Duncan 2017, p. 140. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 141. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Telford 2014, pp. 60–61. Telford, Lynda (2014). Sulla - a dictator reconsidered. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78303-048-4.
Duncan 2017, p. 143. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 144. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 148. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 149. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Telford 2014, p. 65. Telford, Lynda (2014). Sulla - a dictator reconsidered. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78303-048-4.
Duncan 2017, p. 151. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Miles, Gary B (1995). Livy: reconstructing early Rome. Cornell University Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-5017-2461-9.
Duncan 2017, p. 150. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 152. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 152, 155. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 153. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 154. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Lintott 1994, p. 99; Duncan 2017, p. 154. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 155. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 156. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Evans 1995, p. 154; Duncan 2017, p. 157. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 157. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Lintott 1994, p. 101; Duncan 2017, p. 157. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 157–158. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 161–62. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 171. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 172. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 176, citing Dio, 29.98. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 179. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 187–188. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 189. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 191. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 193. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 195. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 194. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Flower 2010, p. 159. Flower, Harriet I (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8.
Duncan 2017, p. 197. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 199. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 197–198. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 203. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 208. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 206. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 206–207. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 210. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 211. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 213. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, p. 212. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Duncan 2017, pp. 220, 236, 242. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Flower 2010, p. 158. Flower, Harriet I (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8.
Gruen 1995, p. xvii. Gruen, Erich (1995). The last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.
Flower 2010, pp. 158–9. Flower, Harriet I (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8.
Gruen 1995, p. 373. Gruen, Erich (1995). The last generation of the Roman republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6.

britannica.com

Badian, Ernst; et al. (2017). "Bocchus I". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 March 2022.

doi.org

Faszcza 2021, pp. 14–15, 17. Faszcza, Michał Norbert (2021). "Reformy Mariusza, czyli długie trwanie historiograficznego mitu". Res Historica (in Polish). 51: 13–42. doi:10.17951/rh.2021.51.13-42. hdl:20.500.12128/21768. ISSN 2082-6060. S2CID 237739140.
Taylor 2019, p. 79 Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, p. 79. "Relatively modest facts have been spun into the overarching 'Marian reforms', which are ultimately the construct of modern scholarship". Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Brunt 1962, pp. 74–75. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.
Gauthier 2020, p. 284, citing, among others, CIL I, 593. See generally Gauthier, François (2021). "Did velites really disappear in the late Roman republic?". Historia. 70 (1): 69–82. doi:10.25162/historia-2021-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 230543924.
Taylor 2019, p. 78, citing Plut. Mar., 25 for the claim of a redesigned pilum. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, pp. 78–79, 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, p. 89, citing Sall. Iug., 51.3, where "Metellus... opposed four legionary cohorts to the enemy's infantry", pushed through, and won the battle. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 18. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Sherwin-White 1956, p. 5. Sherwin-White, A N (1956). "Violence in Roman Politics". Journal of Roman Studies. 46 (1–2): 1–9. doi:10.2307/297959. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 297959.
Brunt 1962. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.

edcs.eu

db.edcs.eu

Gauthier 2020, p. 284, citing, among others, CIL I, 593. See generally Gauthier, François (2021). "Did velites really disappear in the late Roman republic?". Historia. 70 (1): 69–82. doi:10.25162/historia-2021-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 230543924.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Faszcza 2021, pp. 14–15, 17. Faszcza, Michał Norbert (2021). "Reformy Mariusza, czyli długie trwanie historiograficznego mitu". Res Historica (in Polish). 51: 13–42. doi:10.17951/rh.2021.51.13-42. hdl:20.500.12128/21768. ISSN 2082-6060. S2CID 237739140.

jstor.org

Evans 2008, pp. 65–69, indicating prorogation pro consule. Evans, Richard (2008). "Gaius Marius in Iberia and Gaul: Family Affairs and Provincial Clients". Acta Classica. 51. JSTOR 24592657.
Evans 2008, p. 78. Evans, Richard (2008). "Gaius Marius in Iberia and Gaul: Family Affairs and Provincial Clients". Acta Classica. 51. JSTOR 24592657.
Bicknell 1969, p. 328. Bicknell, P (1969). "Marius, the Metelli, and the lex Maria Tabellaria". Latomus. 28 (2): 327–348. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41527444.
Evans 2008, pp. 65–69. Evans, Richard (2008). "Gaius Marius in Iberia and Gaul: Family Affairs and Provincial Clients". Acta Classica. 51. JSTOR 24592657.
Rich 1983, p. 324, suggesting also that this was done to indulge the eagerness of those willing to serve. Rich, J W (1983). "The Supposed Roman Manpower Shortage of the Later Second Century B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 32 (3): 287–331. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435854.
Brunt 1962, pp. 74–75. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.
Atkinson 1995, p. 106–107 (n 2). Atkinson, J E (1995). "Review of 'Gaius Marius: a political biography'". Acta Classica. 38: 103–107. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24594537.
Evans 2005, p. 46. Evans, Richard John (2005). "Rome's Cimbric wars (114-101 BC) and their impact on the Iberian peninsula". Acta Classica. 48: 37–56. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24595395.
Evans 2005, p. 47. Evans, Richard John (2005). "Rome's Cimbric wars (114-101 BC) and their impact on the Iberian peninsula". Acta Classica. 48: 37–56. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24595395.
Sherwin-White 1956, p. 5. Sherwin-White, A N (1956). "Violence in Roman Politics". Journal of Roman Studies. 46 (1–2): 1–9. doi:10.2307/297959. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 297959.
Luce 1970, p. 165. Luce, T J (1970). "Marius and the Mithridatic Command". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 19 (2): 165. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435129.
Bates 1986, pp. 270–1. Bates, Richard L (1986). "'Rex in Senatu': A Political Biography of M. Aemilius Scaurus". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 130 (3): 251–288. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 986827.
Levick 1982, pp. 503–508. "All but one of [Sulla's] officers [deserted] during his march on Rome in 88 BC... the quaestor who was the only officer to countenance what Sulla was doing was, it is now agreed, his kinsman L. Licinius Lucullus". Levick, B M (1982). "Sulla's March on Rome in 88 B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 31 (4): 503–508. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435825.
Brunt 1962. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.

mcgill.ca

escholarship.mcgill.ca

Gauthier 2015, p. 101; Keaveney 2007, p. 62. Gauthier, François (2015). Financing war in the Roman republic: 201 BCE–14 CE (PhD thesis). McGill University. Retrieved 1 July 2023. Keaveney, Arthur (2007). The army in the Roman revolution. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-39486-4.

perseus.org

data.perseus.org

Duncan 2017, p. 81; Plut. Mar., 3.1. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Duncan 2017, p. 82; Plut. Mar., 3.3 Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 12.1–4. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Duncan 2017, pp. 128, 282, citing Plut. Mar., 10. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Taylor 2019, p. 78, citing Plut. Mar., 25 for the claim of a redesigned pilum. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 27.5. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 30.4. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Evans 1995, p. 156, citing Plut. Mar., 32.1. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 31.1. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 30. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Evans 1995, p. 160, citing App. BCiv., 1.40; Plut. Mar., 31.4 et seq. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 33. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Sull., p. 357. Plutarch (1916) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Sulla". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 4. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
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Plut. Mar., 45. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
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semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Faszcza 2021, pp. 14–15, 17. Faszcza, Michał Norbert (2021). "Reformy Mariusza, czyli długie trwanie historiograficznego mitu". Res Historica (in Polish). 51: 13–42. doi:10.17951/rh.2021.51.13-42. hdl:20.500.12128/21768. ISSN 2082-6060. S2CID 237739140.
Taylor 2019, p. 79 Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, p. 79. "Relatively modest facts have been spun into the overarching 'Marian reforms', which are ultimately the construct of modern scholarship". Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Brunt 1962, pp. 74–75. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.
Gauthier 2020, p. 284, citing, among others, CIL I, 593. See generally Gauthier, François (2021). "Did velites really disappear in the late Roman republic?". Historia. 70 (1): 69–82. doi:10.25162/historia-2021-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 230543924.
Taylor 2019, p. 78, citing Plut. Mar., 25 for the claim of a redesigned pilum. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, pp. 78–79, 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, p. 89, citing Sall. Iug., 51.3, where "Metellus... opposed four legionary cohorts to the enemy's infantry", pushed through, and won the battle. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 18. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Brunt 1962. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Sall. Iug., 48–55. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.
Sall. Iug., 63. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.
Sall. Iug., 86.2–3. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.
Taylor 2019, p. 89, citing Sall. Iug., 51.3, where "Metellus... opposed four legionary cohorts to the enemy's infantry", pushed through, and won the battle. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.

umcs.pl

journals.umcs.pl

Faszcza 2021, pp. 14–15, 17. Faszcza, Michał Norbert (2021). "Reformy Mariusza, czyli długie trwanie historiograficznego mitu". Res Historica (in Polish). 51: 13–42. doi:10.17951/rh.2021.51.13-42. hdl:20.500.12128/21768. ISSN 2082-6060. S2CID 237739140.

unisa.ac.za

uir.unisa.ac.za

Evans 1995, p. 22. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 28. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 175; Duncan 2017, p. 81. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Evans 1995, p. 179. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 180. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 33. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 60–61. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 44–45. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 45. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 176. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 47. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 57. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 53–54. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 59. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 66. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 69; Duncan 2017, p. 91. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Evans 1995, p. 71. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 74. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 74–75. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 75. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 76. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 80. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 82. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 85. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 90. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 135; Lintott 1994, p. 91; Duncan 2017, p. 113. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Evans 1995, p. 96. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 98–99. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 100. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 100–101. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 101. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 104. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 103. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 105. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 106. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 107. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, note 113. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 108. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 109. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 112. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 153. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 154. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 154; Duncan 2017, p. 157. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7.
Evans 1995, p. 155, citing App. BCiv., 1.32. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
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Evans 1995, p. 157. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 156. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 159. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 160, citing App. BCiv., 1.40; Plut. Mar., 31.4 et seq. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Evans 1995, p. 160; Gabba 1994, p. 121. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Gabba, E. "Rome and Italy: the social war". In CAH² 9 (1994), pp. 104–128.
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Evans 1995, p. 161. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 164. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 166. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 162–163. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 167. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 168. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 169. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 165. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 114. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 211. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 168, 169. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 91. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 212. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 93. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 210. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, p. 163. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 168–9. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
Evans 1995, pp. 167–8. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019.

vuw.ac.nz

researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz

Smith believes that the account in Livy's Periochae is confused, in part due to misuse of the verb renuntio therein, preferring the tradition in Plutarch and Appian instead. Smith 2017, pp. 44–46. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.
Smith 2017, p. 43. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.
Smith 2017, p. 33. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.
Smith 2017, p. 36. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.
Smith 2017, p. 37. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.
Smith 2017, p. 49. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.
Smith 2017, pp. 51–52. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.
Smith 2017, pp. 52–54. Smith, Timothy (2017). In foro solitudo: Roman Elections and the Time of Cinna (PDF) (MA). Victoria University of Wellington.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Faszcza 2021, pp. 14–15, 17. Faszcza, Michał Norbert (2021). "Reformy Mariusza, czyli długie trwanie historiograficznego mitu". Res Historica (in Polish). 51: 13–42. doi:10.17951/rh.2021.51.13-42. hdl:20.500.12128/21768. ISSN 2082-6060. S2CID 237739140.
Taylor 2019, p. 79 Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Duncan 2017, p. 81; Plut. Mar., 3.1. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Duncan 2017, p. 82; Plut. Mar., 3.3 Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Bicknell 1969, p. 328. Bicknell, P (1969). "Marius, the Metelli, and the lex Maria Tabellaria". Latomus. 28 (2): 327–348. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41527444.
Plut. Mar., 7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 12.1–4. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Duncan 2017, pp. 128, 282, citing Plut. Mar., 10. Duncan, Mike (2017). The Storm before the Storm. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-5417-2403-7. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Rich 1983, p. 324, suggesting also that this was done to indulge the eagerness of those willing to serve. Rich, J W (1983). "The Supposed Roman Manpower Shortage of the Later Second Century B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 32 (3): 287–331. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435854.
Taylor 2019, p. 79. "Relatively modest facts have been spun into the overarching 'Marian reforms', which are ultimately the construct of modern scholarship". Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Brunt 1962, pp. 74–75. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.
Gauthier 2020, p. 284, citing, among others, CIL I, 593. See generally Gauthier, François (2021). "Did velites really disappear in the late Roman republic?". Historia. 70 (1): 69–82. doi:10.25162/historia-2021-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 230543924.
Taylor 2019, p. 78, citing Plut. Mar., 25 for the claim of a redesigned pilum. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, pp. 78–79, 79 n. 14. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Taylor 2019, p. 89, citing Sall. Iug., 51.3, where "Metellus... opposed four legionary cohorts to the enemy's infantry", pushed through, and won the battle. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350. Sallust (1921) [40–41 BC]. Bellum Iugurthinum. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, John C. Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2021 – via LacusCurtius.
Taylor 2023, p. 160; Taylor 2019, p. 79 n. 18. Taylor, Michael J (2023). "Goodbye to all that: the Roman citizen militia after the great wars". In Balbo, Mattia; Santangelo, Federico (eds.). A community in transition: Rome between Hannibal and the Gracchi. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–64. ISBN 978-0-19-765524-5. Taylor, Michael J (2019). "Tactical reform in the late Roman republic: the view from Italy". Historia. 68 (1): 76–94. doi:10.25162/historia-2019-0004. ISSN 0018-2311. S2CID 165437350.
Atkinson 1995, p. 106–107 (n 2). Atkinson, J E (1995). "Review of 'Gaius Marius: a political biography'". Acta Classica. 38: 103–107. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24594537.
Evans 2005, p. 46. Evans, Richard John (2005). "Rome's Cimbric wars (114-101 BC) and their impact on the Iberian peninsula". Acta Classica. 48: 37–56. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24595395.
Evans 2005, p. 47. Evans, Richard John (2005). "Rome's Cimbric wars (114-101 BC) and their impact on the Iberian peninsula". Acta Classica. 48: 37–56. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24595395.
Plut. Mar., 27.5. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Sherwin-White 1956, p. 5. Sherwin-White, A N (1956). "Violence in Roman Politics". Journal of Roman Studies. 46 (1–2): 1–9. doi:10.2307/297959. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 297959.
Plut. Mar., 30.4. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Evans 1995, p. 156, citing Plut. Mar., 32.1. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 31.1. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 30. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Luce 1970, p. 165. Luce, T J (1970). "Marius and the Mithridatic Command". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 19 (2): 165. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435129.
Bates 1986, pp. 270–1. Bates, Richard L (1986). "'Rex in Senatu': A Political Biography of M. Aemilius Scaurus". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 130 (3): 251–288. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 986827.
Evans 1995, p. 160, citing App. BCiv., 1.40; Plut. Mar., 31.4 et seq. Evans, Richard John (1995). Gaius Marius: A Political Biography (PDF) (DLitt et Phil thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved 8 June 2019. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 33. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Levick 1982, pp. 503–508. "All but one of [Sulla's] officers [deserted] during his march on Rome in 88 BC... the quaestor who was the only officer to countenance what Sulla was doing was, it is now agreed, his kinsman L. Licinius Lucullus". Levick, B M (1982). "Sulla's March on Rome in 88 B.C." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 31 (4): 503–508. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435825.
Plut. Sull., p. 357. Plutarch (1916) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Sulla". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 4. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 46.5. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., 45. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., p. 595. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Mar., p. 467. Plutarch (1920) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Marius". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 9. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Brunt 1962. Brunt, Peter A (1962). "The army and the land in the Roman revolution". Journal of Roman Studies. 52: 69–86. doi:10.2307/297878. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 297878. S2CID 159652987.