Gang (English Wikipedia)

Fourchard, L. (2011). "The politics of mobilization for security in South African townships". volume 110, issue 441. African Affairs. pp. 607–627. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2012.

az.gov

corrections.az.gov

"Membership Validation Criteria". 15 May 2014. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2018.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Born to raise Hell". BBC News. August 14, 2000. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
BBC, "Colombia Seeks Israeli terrorist", BBC Online 29 August 2007

books.google.com

Philipp Blom, The Vertigo Years: Europe, 1900–1914, 2008, ISBN 0786726709, p. 372
Drew, A. J. (2002), The everything motorcycle book: the one book you must have to buy, ride, and maintain your motorcycle, Adams Media Corp, pp. 193–203, 277, ISBN 9781580625548
Wolf, Daniel R. (1992), The Rebels: a brotherhood of outlaw bikers, University of Toronto Press, p. 4, ISBN 978-0802073631
Hagedorn 2008, p. 12 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
Hagedorn 2008, p. 13 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
Wynne, Mervyn Llewelyn (1941). Triad Societies, Volume 5. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415243971. Archived from the original on 2018-04-27.
Hagedorn 2008, p. 14 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
Hagedorn 2008, pp. 14–15 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Crime, Crime in America--youth Gang Warfare (1970)Excerpt
Hagedorn 2008, p. 55 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
Hagedorn 2008, p. 7 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
Hagedorn 2008, p. 6 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
Hagedorn 2008, p. 16 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668
Hagedorn 2008, pp. 53–54 Hagedorn, John M. (2008), A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 978-0816650668

britannica.com

Gang (crime). Encyclopædia Britannica.

carmichaellegal.com

Lawlytics. "Organized Crime and Gangs". Carmichael Ellis & Brock, PLLC.

carpenoctem.tv

"Introduction to the Mafia". source. Archived from the original on 2016-01-02.

cbs2chicago.com

CBS2Chicago Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine - Chicago Gang Graffiti Showing Up In Iraq

cbsnews.com

James M Klatell. Exclusive: Gangs Spreading In The Military

cisc.gc.ca

2004 Annual Report Archived December 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine- Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, cisc.gc.ca

cityofws.org

"Gang Identifiers". Winston-Salem Police Department web site "TGOD Mofo" is a common statement being passed around the hood. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2009-10-21.

colorado.edu

"We spoke to hundreds of prison gang members – here's what they said about life behind bars | Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine | University of Colorado Boulder". 3 April 2020.

cpr.org

Dukakis, Andrea. "May 17, 2021: 'The Holly' Explores Gang Warfare, Anti-Gang Efforts And Police Informants". Colorado Public Radio.

ctgia.org

Motorcycle Gangs Archived August 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine- Connecticut Gang Investigators Association

cuni.cz

lexicon.ff.cuni.cz

Cleasby/Vigfusson An Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874); GÖNGUDRYKKJA – GARÐR

dconc.gov

"Report". dconc.gov. Archived from the original on 2018-02-15. Retrieved 2018-02-14.

dea.gov

Statement of Michael A. Braun, Chief of Operations, Drug Enforcement Administration, Before the House International Relations Committee, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, November 9, 2005 – "The Illicit Drug Transit Zone in Central America", U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), November 9, 2005, archived from the original on December 10, 2005

dictionary.com

"Gang". dictionary.com.

dispatch.com

Coolidge, Sharon (November 26, 2008). "Man, 18, gets life in prison for murder". The Cincinnati Enquirer. GateHouse Media, Inc. The Columbia Dispatch. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2008.

docstoc.com

"Organized_crime". source. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30.

doi.org

Taylor, Matthew M.; Bailey, John (2009-07-20). "Evade, Corrupt, or Confront? Organized Crime and the State in Brazil and Mexico". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 1 (2): 3–29. doi:10.1177/1866802X0900100201.
Wood, Jane L. (2017). "Differentiating Gang Members, Gang Affiliates, and Violent Men on Their Psychiatric Morbidity and Traumatic Experiences" (PDF). Psychiatry. 80 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1256144. OCLC 1021134955. PMID 29087253. S2CID 25970766. Fall 2017
Vigil, James Diego (2003). "Urban Violence and Street Gangs". Annual Review of Anthropology. 32: 225–242. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093426.
Cerulo, Karen A. (1993). "Symbols and the world system: National anthems and flags". Sociological Forum. 8 (2): 243–271. doi:10.1007/BF01115492. S2CID 144023960.
Cottrell-Boyce, Joe (December 2013). "Ending Gang and Youth Violence: A Critique". Youth Justice. 13 (3): 193–206. doi:10.1177/1473225413505382. S2CID 147163053.

eb.com

academic.eb.com

Britannica Academic, s.v. "Yakuza," accessed 30 September 2018, https://academic.eb.com/levels/collegiate/article/yakuza/77739.

ed.gov

eric.ed.gov

"Gang Identifiers and Terminology", Cantrell, Mary Lynn, Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems, v1 n1 pp13-14 Spr 1992

equaltimes.org

Varzi, Changiz M. (9 April 2021). "In Mexico "there is no pandemic for paramilitary groups"". Equal Times. April 9, 2021

etymonline.com

Douglas Harper. "gang". Online Etymology Dictionary.

everettpolicema.com

"Gang Awareness". Everett Police Department. Archived from the original on 2015-04-23.

fas.org

Cook, Colleen W., ed. (16 October 2007). "Mexico's Drug Cartels" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service. p. 10. Retrieved 9 August 2009.

fbi.gov

"FBI — 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment – Emerging Trends. Fbi.gov.
"The Seven-Stage Hate Model Archived 2010-04-10 at the Wayback Machine", United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Combating Gangsters Online Archived 2014-05-08 at the Wayback Machine, Author: Matthew O'Deane, April 2011, pp. 1-7, Publisher: Federal Bureau of Investigation

fortune.com

Luna, Keri. "Fortune 5: The Biggest Organized Crime Groups in the World". Fortune. July 31, 2010

freeservers.com

surrey-shore.freeservers.com

Barton, William A. "Menace, Mayhem, and Morality! Crime in Victorian London". Surrey Shores.

gangwar.com

"Street Gang Dynamics". The Nawojczyk Group, Inc. Archived from the original on 2014-08-18.

georgetown.edu

pdba.georgetown.edu

FBI Safe Street Violent Crime Initiative – Report Fiscal Year 2000, FBI.org

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Osborne, Mark. "Police find secret underground lair, shooting range at gang hideout in California". ABC News. February 9, 2019

gq-magazine.co.uk

Halls, Eleanor. "The Peaky Blinders are a romanticised myth". GQ. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

gq.com

Shaer, Matthew (September 2, 2014) "Epstein Orthodox Hit Squad", GQ. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

hawaii.edu

"U.S. Gangs: Their Changing History" (PDF). data. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-24.

heuni.fi

"Organised Crime Around the World" (PDF). The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-16.

howtofightwrite.com

Schwarz, Michael. "Q&A Mafia Training". How To Fight Write. November 1, 2017

ingentaconnect.com

"Symbolism and Sacrifice in Terrorism", Authors: J. Dingley; M. Kirk-Smith, Source: Small Wars & Insurgencies, Volume 13, Number 1, Spring 2002, pp. 102-128(27, Publisher: Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group

insightcrime.org

Mencho, El (13 June 2019). "The School of Terror: Inside a Jalisco Cartel Training Camp in Mexico". InSight Crime. June 13, 2019

ipsnews.net

Gutiérrez, Raúl (2007-09-04). "RIGHTS-EL SALVADOR: Death Squads Still Operating". Inter Press Service. Archived from the original on 2007-11-08. Retrieved 2007-11-07.

jornada.com.mx

García, Gustavo Castillo (17 April 2016). "El cártel Jalisco Nueva generación entregó armas a Los Viagras". La Jornada. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.

journalgazette.net

"Noose: 'Shameful' sign makes ominous return Archived July 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine", by Darryl Fears, Washington Post, Published: October 21, 2007 6:00 a.m.

justice.gov

U.S. Dept. of Justice, Motorcycle Gangs, archived from the original on 2014-04-15, retrieved 2020-11-22
"U.S. Department of Justice National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)". www.justice.gov. Archived from the original on January 22, 2012.

kent.ac.uk

kar.kent.ac.uk

Wood, Jane L. (2017). "Differentiating Gang Members, Gang Affiliates, and Violent Men on Their Psychiatric Morbidity and Traumatic Experiences" (PDF). Psychiatry. 80 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1256144. OCLC 1021134955. PMID 29087253. S2CID 25970766. Fall 2017

kyotojournal.org

Raz, Jacob. "Insider Outsider: The Way of the Yakuza." Kyoto Journal. Last modified 17 April 2011. https://kyotojournal.org/society/insider-outsider/.

lacounty.gov

coc.lacounty.gov

"LA BOS". LA BOS. Retrieved 2023-10-14.

lamag.com

Pursell, Robert (31 January 2018). "How L.A. Punks of the '80s and '90s Kept Neo-Nazis Out of Their Scene". LA Magazine. January 31, 2018

lawtechcustompublishing.com

Matthew O'Deane. "gang". Gangs: Theory, Practice and Research. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.

missouristate.edu

faculty.missouristate.edu

"Graffiti and Other Gang Identifiers". © 2002 Michael K. Carlie. Archived from the original on 2009-12-06. Retrieved 2009-10-21.

mundonarco.com

"Va Marina por 'halcones del crimen organizado". Blog del Narco. 21 April 2011. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011.

nationalgangcenter.gov

"Frequently Asked Questions About Gangs". National Gang Center.

ncjrs.gov

"Highlights of the 2004 National Youth gang Survey" (PDF). Ncjrs.gov. Retrieved 2012-10-24.

newsweek.com

"L.A.'S New Gang War". Newsweek. January 25, 2007

newyorker.com

Goodyear, Dana (2022-05-30). "The L.A. County Sheriff's Deputy-Gang Crisis". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2023-10-14.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wood, Jane L. (2017). "Differentiating Gang Members, Gang Affiliates, and Violent Men on Their Psychiatric Morbidity and Traumatic Experiences" (PDF). Psychiatry. 80 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1256144. OCLC 1021134955. PMID 29087253. S2CID 25970766. Fall 2017

nova.edu

ijms.nova.edu

Dulaney, William L. (November 2005), "A Brief History of "Outlaw" Motorcycle Clubs", International Journal of Motorcycle Studies

nytimes.com

"Hate Groups Are Infiltrating the Military, Group Asserts". The New York Times.

ojp.gov

Klein, Malcolm W. "Gang Structures, Crime Patterns, and Police Responses" (PDF). Department of Justice.
Sharp, C.; Aldridge, J.; Medina, J. Delinquent Youth Groups and Offending Behaviour: Findings From the 2004 Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (Report). [United Kingdom]: Home Office. ISBN 1 84473 924 4. Online Report 14/06.

oxfordjournals.org

afraf.oxfordjournals.org

Fourchard, L. (2011). "The politics of mobilization for security in South African townships". volume 110, issue 441. African Affairs. pp. 607–627. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2012.

oxygen.com

Shorey, Eric (September 11, 2018). "'Mayans M.C.' Showrunner Elgin James Was A Nazi-Fighting Vigilante". Oxygen. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020.

pqarchiver.com

pqasb.pqarchiver.com

Anderson, Dennis (June 14, 1985). "Crimes of Fashion Lure Affluent Kids for the Fun of It (preview)". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. p. 28. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2021.

prisoncommission.org

"Societal and Correctional Context of Prison Gangs" (PDF). source. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-15.

publicsafety.gc.ca

"Public Safety: Gang" (PDF).

runnymedetrust.org

Runnymede Trust. "(Re)thinking Gangs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Wood, Jane L. (2017). "Differentiating Gang Members, Gang Affiliates, and Violent Men on Their Psychiatric Morbidity and Traumatic Experiences" (PDF). Psychiatry. 80 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1256144. OCLC 1021134955. PMID 29087253. S2CID 25970766. Fall 2017
Cerulo, Karen A. (1993). "Symbols and the world system: National anthems and flags". Sociological Forum. 8 (2): 243–271. doi:10.1007/BF01115492. S2CID 144023960.
Cottrell-Boyce, Joe (December 2013). "Ending Gang and Youth Violence: A Critique". Youth Justice. 13 (3): 193–206. doi:10.1177/1473225413505382. S2CID 147163053.

sfgate.com

Thomas, Donald. "The Victotian Underworld". SF Gate.

slate.com

Engber, Daniel (2005-12-13). "How do you start a gang?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2020-02-21.

stripes.com

"Gang-Related Activity in the US Armed Forces Increasing" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 5, 2009.
Stars and Stripes Archived 2009-02-12 at the Wayback Machine - Army defends recruit screening process

theatlantic.com

Wood, Graeme (17 September 2014). "How Gangs Took Over Prisons". The Atlantic.
Kendi, Ibram X. (March 20, 2018). "What's the Difference Between a Frat and a Gang?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

thebalancecareers.com

Powers, Rod. "Gang Activity in the U.S. Military". The Balance Careers. June 08, 2018

theconversation.com

Rahman, Mohammed (18 August 2020). "The enforcer: the myth and reality of organised crime's hard man". The Conversation. August 19, 2020

theguardian.com

Caspar Walsh (10 November 2011). "Gangs are good for society". theguardian.com.
Willan, Philip (16 August 1999). "Mafia sets up crime academy to train child assassins". The Guardian. August 16, 1999
Syal, Rajeev (December 13, 2009). "Drug money saved banks in global crisis, claims UN advisor". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 3, 2010.

thepresstribune.com

"Roseville police explain gang validation process". Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-02-14.

thurrock.gov.uk

"Gangs and gang crime". Thurrock.

trincoll.edu

"Gang influence and gain revenue" (PDF). source. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-24.

twitter.com

Bronsdon, Conor. "Gang & police funding thread". Twitter. Conor Bronsdon. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

umd.edu

gangs.umd.edu

Maryland gangs.Associated Gangs in this county Archived 2007-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.

unesco.org

unesdoc.unesco.org

Behind the numbers: ending school violence and bullying. UNESCO. 2019. ISBN 978-92-3-100306-6.

upd.edu.ph

asj.upd.edu.ph

Ashburn, Franklin G. "Some Recent Inquiries into the Structure-Function of Conflict Gangs in Manila City Jail" (PDF). Asj.UPD. July 25, 2007

uslegal.com

definitions.uslegal.com

"Gang Violence Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc". definitions.uslegal.com.
"RICO". Definitions.uslegal.com. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
"Terroristic Threat Law & Legal Definition". Definitions.uslegal.com. Retrieved 2014-06-18.

vice.com

Lyons, Patrick (17 January 2016). "Unearthing the Secret History of 'LA's Deadliest Punk Rock Gang'". Vice. January 17, 2016

vladsokhin.com

"Crying Meri". Vlad Sokhin. Retrieved 12 February 2014.

web.archive.org

"Introduction to the Mafia". source. Archived from the original on 2016-01-02.
"Organised Crime Around the World" (PDF). The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-16.
2004 Annual Report Archived December 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine- Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, cisc.gc.ca
Motorcycle Gangs Archived August 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine- Connecticut Gang Investigators Association
U.S. Dept. of Justice, Motorcycle Gangs, archived from the original on 2014-04-15, retrieved 2020-11-22
"Societal and Correctional Context of Prison Gangs" (PDF). source. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-15.
Anderson, Dennis (June 14, 1985). "Crimes of Fashion Lure Affluent Kids for the Fun of It (preview)". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. p. 28. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
Shorey, Eric (September 11, 2018). "'Mayans M.C.' Showrunner Elgin James Was A Nazi-Fighting Vigilante". Oxygen. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020.
García, Gustavo Castillo (17 April 2016). "El cártel Jalisco Nueva generación entregó armas a Los Viagras". La Jornada. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
Gutiérrez, Raúl (2007-09-04). "RIGHTS-EL SALVADOR: Death Squads Still Operating". Inter Press Service. Archived from the original on 2007-11-08. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
"Street Gang Dynamics". The Nawojczyk Group, Inc. Archived from the original on 2014-08-18.
Matthew O'Deane. "gang". Gangs: Theory, Practice and Research. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
"Levels of Club Affiliation". Wolfpack Motorocycle Club. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
"Va Marina por 'halcones del crimen organizado". Blog del Narco. 21 April 2011. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011.
Statement of Michael A. Braun, Chief of Operations, Drug Enforcement Administration, Before the House International Relations Committee, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, November 9, 2005 – "The Illicit Drug Transit Zone in Central America", U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), November 9, 2005, archived from the original on December 10, 2005
"Membership Validation Criteria". 15 May 2014. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
"Roseville police explain gang validation process". Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
"Report". dconc.gov. Archived from the original on 2018-02-15. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
Maryland gangs.Associated Gangs in this county Archived 2007-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Coolidge, Sharon (November 26, 2008). "Man, 18, gets life in prison for murder". The Cincinnati Enquirer. GateHouse Media, Inc. The Columbia Dispatch. Archived from the original on September 9, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
"Feature Articles 378". AmericanMafia.com. Archived from the original on 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2010-08-31.
Wynne, Mervyn Llewelyn (1941). Triad Societies, Volume 5. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415243971. Archived from the original on 2018-04-27.
"Gang-Related Activity in the US Armed Forces Increasing" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 5, 2009.
"U.S. Department of Justice National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)". www.justice.gov. Archived from the original on January 22, 2012.
"Organized_crime". source. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30.
"Gang influence and gain revenue" (PDF). source. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-24.
"U.S. Gangs: Their Changing History" (PDF). data. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-24.
"Gang Awareness". Everett Police Department. Archived from the original on 2015-04-23.
"Gang Identifiers". Winston-Salem Police Department web site "TGOD Mofo" is a common statement being passed around the hood. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
"Graffiti and Other Gang Identifiers". © 2002 Michael K. Carlie. Archived from the original on 2009-12-06. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
Author: Ferrell, J., Title: "Crimes of style: Urban graffiti and the politics of criminality Archived 2007-11-10 at the Wayback Machine", Publisher: New York: Garland. (235pp), Year: 1993
"Noose: 'Shameful' sign makes ominous return Archived July 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine", by Darryl Fears, Washington Post, Published: October 21, 2007 6:00 a.m.
"The Seven-Stage Hate Model Archived 2010-04-10 at the Wayback Machine", United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Combating Gangsters Online Archived 2014-05-08 at the Wayback Machine, Author: Matthew O'Deane, April 2011, pp. 1-7, Publisher: Federal Bureau of Investigation
Runnymede Trust. "(Re)thinking Gangs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
CBS2Chicago Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine - Chicago Gang Graffiti Showing Up In Iraq
Stars and Stripes Archived 2009-02-12 at the Wayback Machine - Army defends recruit screening process
Intelligence Assessment - Gang-Related Activity in the US Armed Forces Increasing

who.int

Krug, E.; Dahlberg, L.; Mercy, J.; Zwi, A. B.; Lozano, R. (2002). World Report on Violence and Health (Report). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 92 4 154561 5.

wolfpackmc.org

"Levels of Club Affiliation". Wolfpack Motorocycle Club. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2016.

wordreference.com

forum.wordreference.com

"Hi, gang! (used with friends)". wordreference.com. 18 August 2015.

worldbank.org

siteresources.worldbank.org

2011 World Development Report See Figure F2.2 on page 35

worldcat.org

Goodyear, Dana (2022-05-30). "The L.A. County Sheriff's Deputy-Gang Crisis". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
Wood, Jane L. (2017). "Differentiating Gang Members, Gang Affiliates, and Violent Men on Their Psychiatric Morbidity and Traumatic Experiences" (PDF). Psychiatry. 80 (3): 221–235. doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1256144. OCLC 1021134955. PMID 29087253. S2CID 25970766. Fall 2017

zocalopublicsquare.org

Leap, Jorga (29 October 2013). "WHY GANG MEMBERS CAN'T SHOOT STRAIGHT". Zocal Public Square. October 29, 2013