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Gao Huan (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Gao Huan" in English language version.

refsWebsite
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16books.google.com
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  • Victor Cunrui Xiong (4 December 2008). Historical Dictionary of Medieval China. Scarecrow Press. pp. 171–. ISBN 978-0-8108-6258-6.
  • Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (2007). Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (eds.). Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. Vol. 3 of Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Lily Xiao Hong Lee Volume 21 of Publications, University Libraries (Hong Kong). M.E. Sharpe. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-7656-1750-7. Retrieved February 9, 2012. Lou Zhaojun, 501-562, was the principal wife of Gao Huan, 496-547; their son Emperor Wenxuan (Gao Yang, 529-559; r. 550-559) was the founding emperor of Northern Qi. While neither was appointed emperor or empress during their lifetime, as the de facto founder of the Northern Qi dynasty Gao Huan was posthumously titled Emperor Shenwu of Northern Qi and Lou Zhaojun was posthumously title Empress Ming of Northern Qi.. . . Lou Zhaojun was from a wealthy Xianbei family that had served as officials under the Former Yan dynasty (located in the area of present-day Chaoyang in Liaoning Province). Her clan had Sinicized its name to Lou toward the end of the fifth century. Gao Huan, on the other hand, was from a Chinese family from Bohai (present-day Hebei Province); they had lived for several generations in the area that is now Inner Mongolia and had consequently adopted a largely Xianbei way of life. Despite Gao Huan's lack of means and low social status, Lou Zhaojun is said to have set her heart on him almost from the moment she saw him. She dispatched a maid to tell him of her interest and to give him some money; then she married him, against the wishes of her parents.
  • Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (2007). Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (eds.). Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. Vol. 3 of Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Lily Xiao Hong Lee Volume 21 of Publications, University Libraries (Hong Kong). M.E. Sharpe. p. 315. ISBN 9780765641823. Retrieved February 9, 2012. began to crumble, he became a general for Erzhu Rong (493-530) of Xiurong (in present-day Shanxi Province). Erzhu Rong belonged to the Qi Hu (契胡) people, possibly a branch of the Xiongnu). As allies of the Northern Wei Tuoba, the Erzhu clan had been given a large field that enabled them to control the major private sources of supply of animals and fodder for the Northern Wei armies. By the end of the fifth century they had become extremely wealthy, while the rapid disintegration of Tuoba power and the outbreak of rebellion along the northern borders in 524 further extended their influence. By the late 520s, they had become the most effective military force in the empire. . . Then, in a lethal series of moves and countermoves, Gao Huan outwitted Erzhu Rong in their struggle for control of the Northern Wei throne (vide Hu, Consort of Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei). Erzhu Rong's puppet emperor (Yuan Ziyou, r.528-530) murdered him in 530; then Gao Huan had Yuan Ziyou murdered before installing his own puppet emperor (Yuan Ye, r. 530).
  • Andrew Eisenberg (23 January 2008). Kingship in Early Medieval China. Brill. pp. 95–. ISBN 978-90-474-3230-2.
  • Papers on Far Eastern History. Department of Far Eastern History, Australian National University. 1981. p. 88.
  • Ackerman (1976). Chinese art. Garland Pub. p. 85. ISBN 9780824024246.
  • Albert E. Dien (2007). Six Dynasties Civilization. Yale University Press. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-0-300-07404-8.
  • Ars Orientalis. 1986. p. 41.
  • Chris Peers (9 October 2013). Battles of Ancient China. Pen and Sword. pp. 85–. ISBN 978-1-4738-3127-8.
  • Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. M.E. Sharpe. 2007. pp. 314–. ISBN 978-0-7656-4182-3.
  • Lukas Nickel (2002). Return of the Buddha: the Qingzhou discoveries. Royal Academy of Arts. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-8109-6643-7.
  • Annali. Edizione universitarie. 1998. p. 59.
  • Xinwei Peng (1 July 1994). A monetary history of China. Western Washington. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-914584-81-0.
  • Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (2007). Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (eds.). Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. Vol. 3 of Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Lily Xiao Hong Lee Volume 21 of Publications, University Libraries (Hong Kong). M.E. Sharpe. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-7656-1750-7. Retrieved February 9, 2012. She wove the material from which a long gown and a pair of trousers were made for each of his sons,; in order to set an example, she had clothes made for warriors who were loyal to Gao Huan. Things did not always go smoothly between Lou Zhaojun and Gao Huan, however, and he banished her in 538 after discovering that their eldest son, Gao Cheng, had had an affair with one of his concubines. Lou Zhaojun and her son each received 100 strokes in punishment and Lou Zhaojun remained in disfavor until Gao Huan's companion Sima Ziru (488-551) reimnded him of the contribution Lou Zhaojun had made.
  • Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (2007). Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (eds.). Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. Vol. 3 of Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Lily Xiao Hong Lee Volume 21 of Publications, University Libraries (Hong Kong). M.E. Sharpe. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-7656-1750-7. Retrieved February 9, 2012. As Gao Huan's power grew, he took more wives. Lou Zhaojun encouraged him in this, understanding the importance of consolidating his already considerable influence through marriage alliances with powerful families. She herself bore six of Gao Huan's fifteen sons and she harbored ambitions for all of them; three of her sons were named emperor before she died and she helped stage a coup that deposed one of her grandsons from the Northern Qi throne.
  • Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (2007). Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska; Sue Wiles (eds.). Biographical dictionary of Chinese women: antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. Vol. 3 of Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Lily Xiao Hong Lee Volume 21 of Publications, University Libraries (Hong Kong). M.E. Sharpe. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-7656-1750-7. Retrieved February 9, 2012. Lou Zhaojun is said to have been a resolute and intelligent woman and the record confirms this. She remained impartial, never asking her husband to appoint her relatives to high-ranking positions but instead expecting them to earn any such privilege. Such was her ambition for her husband that she encouraged him to enter into several marriage alliances and treated these consorts as her own sisters. She even stepped down from her position as principal consort, ceding it to a Rouran princess in order to ensure her people's cooperation (the Rouran were a nomadic group located in present-day Outer Mongolia; they controlled the eastern section of the area now known as the Silk Road). She managed the inner palaces for her husband and is said to have regarded all of Gao Huan's sons as her own.

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