Kawahara-Miki, Ryouka; et al. (2008). "Interrelationships of the 11 gasterosteiform families (sticklebacks, pipefishes, and their relatives): A new perspective based on whole mitogenome sequences from 75 higher teleosts". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 46: 224–236. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.009.