Gastrointestinal bleeding (English Wikipedia)

"Management of acute lower GI bleeding". University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS). Jan 2009. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2012-04-23.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kim, BS; Li, BT; Engel, A; Samra, JS; Clarke, S; Norton, ID; Li, AE (15 November 2014). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology. 5 (4): 467–78. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.467. PMC 4231512. PMID 25400991.
van Leerdam, ME (2008). "Epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology. 22 (2): 209–24. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.011. PMID 18346679.
Jairath, V; Barkun, AN (October 2011). "The overall approach to the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America. 21 (4): 657–70. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.001. PMID 21944416.
Chavez-Tapia, NC; Barrientos-Gutierrez, T; Tellez-Avila, F; Soares-Weiser, K; Mendez-Sanchez, N; Gluud, C; Uribe, M (September 2011). "Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding – an updated Cochrane review". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 34 (5): 509–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04746.x. PMID 21707680. S2CID 8673988.
Leontiadis, GI; Sreedharan, A; Dorward, S; Barton, P; Delaney, B; Howden, CW; Orhewere, M; Gisbert, J; Sharma, VK; Rostom, A; Moayyedi, P; Forman, D (December 2007). "Systematic reviews of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Health Technology Assessment. 11 (51): iii–iv, 1–164. doi:10.3310/hta11510. PMID 18021578.
Wang, J; Bao, YX; Bai, M; Zhang, YG; Xu, WD; Qi, XS (28 October 2013). "Restrictive vs liberal transfusion for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 19 (40): 6919–27. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6919. PMC 3812494. PMID 24187470.
Jairath, V; Hearnshaw, S; Brunskill, SJ; Doree, C; Hopewell, S; Hyde, C; Travis, S; Murphy, MF (2010-09-08). Jairath, Vipul (ed.). "Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD006613. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006613.pub3. PMID 20824851.
Salpeter, SR; Buckley, JS; Chatterjee, S (February 2014). "Impact of more restrictive blood transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review". The American Journal of Medicine. 127 (2): 124–131.e3. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.09.017. PMID 24331453.
Cat, TB; Liu-DeRyke, X (September 2010). "Medical management of variceal hemorrhage". Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. 22 (3): 381–93. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2010.02.004. PMID 20691388.
Srygley FD, Gerardo CJ, Tran T, Fisher DA (March 2012). "Does this patient have a severe upper gastrointestinal bleed?". JAMA. 307 (10): 1072–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.253. PMID 22416103.
Tanabe, S (November 2016). "Diagnosis of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding". Clinical Endoscopy. 49 (6): 539–541. doi:10.5946/ce.2016.004. PMC 5152785. PMID 26879551.
Palmer, K; Nairn, M; Guideline Development, Group (2008-10-10). "Management of acute gastrointestinal blood loss: summary of SIGN guidelines" (PDF). BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 337: a1832. doi:10.1136/bmj.a1832. PMID 18849311. S2CID 30762576. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
Coleman, CI; Sobieraj, DM; Winkler, S; Cutting, P; Mediouni, M; Alikhanov, S; Kluger, J (January 2012). "Effect of pharmacological therapies for stroke prevention on major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 66 (1): 53–63. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02809.x. PMID 22093613. S2CID 205877572.
Prasad Kerlin, Meeta; Tokar, Jeffrey L. (6 August 2013). "Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding". Annals of Internal Medicine. 159 (3): ITC2–1, ITC2–2, ITC2–3, ITC2–4, ITC2–5, ITC2–6, ITC2–7, ITC2–8, ITC2–9, ITC2–10, ITC2–11, ITC2–12, ITC2–13, ITC2–14, ITC2–15, quiz ITC2–16. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-01002. PMID 23922080. S2CID 19188697.
Stasi, Elisa; Michielan, Andrea; Morreale, Gaetano Cristian; Tozzi, Alessandro; Venezia, Ludovica; Bortoluzzi, Francesco; Triossi, Omero; Soncini, Marco; Leandro, Gioacchino; Milazzo, Giuseppe; Anderloni, Andrea (2019-03-01). "Five common errors to avoid in clinical practice: the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) Choosing Wisely Campaign". Internal and Emergency Medicine. 14 (2): 301–308. doi:10.1007/s11739-018-1992-x. ISSN 1970-9366. PMID 30499071. S2CID 54167009.
Palamidessi, N; Sinert, R; Falzon, L; Zehtabchi, S (February 2010). "Nasogastric aspiration and lavage in emergency department patients with hematochezia or melena without hematemesis". Academic Emergency Medicine. 17 (2): 126–32. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00609.x. PMID 20370741.
Wu, LM; Xu, JR; Yin, Y; Qu, XH (2010-08-21). "Usefulness of CT angiography in diagnosing acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 16 (31): 3957–63. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i31.3957. PMC 2923771. PMID 20712058.
Barkun AN, Bardou M, Kuipers EJ, Sung J, Hunt RH, Martel M, Sinclair P (2010). "International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Ann. Intern. Med. 152 (2): 101–13. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00009. PMID 20083829.
Li, L; Yu, C; Li, Y (March 2011). "Endoscopic band ligation versus pharmacological therapy for variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a meta-analysis". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology. 25 (3): 147–55. doi:10.1155/2011/346705. PMC 3076033. PMID 21499579.
Ye, Zhikang; Reintam Blaser, Annika; Lytvyn, Lyubov; Wang, Ying; Guyatt, Gordon H; Mikita, J Stephen; Roberts, Jamie; Agoritsas, Thomas; Bertschy, Sonja; Boroli, Filippo; Camsooksai, Julie; Du, Bin; Heen, Anja Fog; Lu, Jianyou; Mella, José M; Vandvik, Per Olav; Wise, Robert; Zheng, Yue; Liu, Lihong; Siemieniuk, Reed A C (6 January 2020). "Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients: a clinical practice guideline". BMJ. 368: l6722. doi:10.1136/bmj.l6722. PMID 31907223.
Wang, Y; Ye, Z; Ge, L; Siemieniuk, RAC; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Hou, L; Ma, Z; Agoritsas, T; Vandvik, PO; Perner, A; Møller, MH; Guyatt, GH; Liu, L (6 January 2020). "Efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients: systematic review and network meta-analysis". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 368: l6744. doi:10.1136/bmj.l6744. PMC 7190057. PMID 31907166.
Kanno, Takeshi; Yuan, Yuhong; Tse, Frances; Howden, Colin W.; Moayyedi, Paul; Leontiadis, Grigorios I. (2022-01-07). "Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD005415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005415.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8741303. PMID 34995368.
Tsoi, KK; Hirai, HW; Sung, JJ (Aug 5, 2013). "Meta-analysis: comparison of oral vs. intravenous proton pump inhibitors in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 38 (7): 721–8. doi:10.1111/apt.12441. PMID 23915096. S2CID 9294529.
Bennett, C; Klingenberg, SL; Langholz, E; Gluud, LL (21 November 2014). "Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD006640. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006640.pub3. PMC 6599825. PMID 25414987.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Sachar, H; Vaidya, K; Laine, L (November 2014). "Intermittent vs continuous proton pump inhibitor therapy for high-risk bleeding ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 174 (11): 1755–62. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4056. PMC 4415726. PMID 25201154.
Ioannou, G; Doust, J; Rockey, DC (2003). Ioannou, George N (ed.). "Terlipressin for acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD002147. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002147. PMC 7017851. PMID 12535432.
Gøtzsche, PC; Hróbjartsson, A (2008-07-16). Gøtzsche, Peter C (ed.). "Somatostatin analogues for acute bleeding oesophageal varices". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008 (3): CD000193. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000193.pub3. PMC 7043291. PMID 18677774.
Wells, M; Chande, N; Adams, P; Beaton, M; Levstik, M; Boyce, E; Mrkobrada, M (June 2012). "Meta-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 35 (11): 1267–78. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05088.x. PMID 22486630. S2CID 41754753.
Martí-Carvajal, AJ; Solà, I (9 June 2015). "Vitamin K for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver diseases". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (6): CD004792. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004792.pub5. PMC 7387129. PMID 26058964.
Martí-Carvajal, AJ; Karakitsiou, DE; Salanti, G (2012-03-14). Martí-Carvajal, Arturo J (ed.). "Human recombinant activated factor VII for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD004887. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004887.pub3. PMC 11569891. PMID 22419301.
D'Amico, G; Pagliaro, L; Pietrosi, G; Tarantino, I (2010-03-17). d'Amico, Gennaro (ed.). "Emergency sclerotherapy versus vasoactive drugs for bleeding oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (3): CD002233. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002233.pub2. PMC 7100539. PMID 20238318.
Bai, Y; Guo, JF; Li, ZS (July 2011). "Meta-analysis: erythromycin before endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 34 (2): 166–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04708.x. PMID 21615438. S2CID 9906835.
Wu, LC; Cao, YF; Huang, JH; Liao, C; Gao, F (2010-05-28). "High-dose vs low-dose proton pump inhibitors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 16 (20): 2558–65. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i20.2558. PMC 2877188. PMID 20503458.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kim, BS; Li, BT; Engel, A; Samra, JS; Clarke, S; Norton, ID; Li, AE (15 November 2014). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology. 5 (4): 467–78. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.467. PMC 4231512. PMID 25400991.
Wang, J; Bao, YX; Bai, M; Zhang, YG; Xu, WD; Qi, XS (28 October 2013). "Restrictive vs liberal transfusion for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 19 (40): 6919–27. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6919. PMC 3812494. PMID 24187470.
Tanabe, S (November 2016). "Diagnosis of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding". Clinical Endoscopy. 49 (6): 539–541. doi:10.5946/ce.2016.004. PMC 5152785. PMID 26879551.
Wu, LM; Xu, JR; Yin, Y; Qu, XH (2010-08-21). "Usefulness of CT angiography in diagnosing acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 16 (31): 3957–63. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i31.3957. PMC 2923771. PMID 20712058.
Li, L; Yu, C; Li, Y (March 2011). "Endoscopic band ligation versus pharmacological therapy for variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a meta-analysis". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology. 25 (3): 147–55. doi:10.1155/2011/346705. PMC 3076033. PMID 21499579.
Wang, Y; Ye, Z; Ge, L; Siemieniuk, RAC; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Hou, L; Ma, Z; Agoritsas, T; Vandvik, PO; Perner, A; Møller, MH; Guyatt, GH; Liu, L (6 January 2020). "Efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients: systematic review and network meta-analysis". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 368: l6744. doi:10.1136/bmj.l6744. PMC 7190057. PMID 31907166.
Kanno, Takeshi; Yuan, Yuhong; Tse, Frances; Howden, Colin W.; Moayyedi, Paul; Leontiadis, Grigorios I. (2022-01-07). "Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD005415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005415.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8741303. PMID 34995368.
Bennett, C; Klingenberg, SL; Langholz, E; Gluud, LL (21 November 2014). "Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD006640. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006640.pub3. PMC 6599825. PMID 25414987.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Sachar, H; Vaidya, K; Laine, L (November 2014). "Intermittent vs continuous proton pump inhibitor therapy for high-risk bleeding ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 174 (11): 1755–62. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4056. PMC 4415726. PMID 25201154.
Ioannou, G; Doust, J; Rockey, DC (2003). Ioannou, George N (ed.). "Terlipressin for acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD002147. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002147. PMC 7017851. PMID 12535432.
Gøtzsche, PC; Hróbjartsson, A (2008-07-16). Gøtzsche, Peter C (ed.). "Somatostatin analogues for acute bleeding oesophageal varices". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008 (3): CD000193. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000193.pub3. PMC 7043291. PMID 18677774.
Martí-Carvajal, AJ; Solà, I (9 June 2015). "Vitamin K for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people with acute or chronic liver diseases". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (6): CD004792. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004792.pub5. PMC 7387129. PMID 26058964.
Martí-Carvajal, AJ; Karakitsiou, DE; Salanti, G (2012-03-14). Martí-Carvajal, Arturo J (ed.). "Human recombinant activated factor VII for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver diseases". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD004887. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004887.pub3. PMC 11569891. PMID 22419301.
D'Amico, G; Pagliaro, L; Pietrosi, G; Tarantino, I (2010-03-17). d'Amico, Gennaro (ed.). "Emergency sclerotherapy versus vasoactive drugs for bleeding oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (3): CD002233. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002233.pub2. PMC 7100539. PMID 20238318.
Wu, LC; Cao, YF; Huang, JH; Liao, C; Gao, F (2010-05-28). "High-dose vs low-dose proton pump inhibitors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 16 (20): 2558–65. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i20.2558. PMC 2877188. PMID 20503458.

niddk.nih.gov

"Bleeding in the Digestive Tract". The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. September 17, 2014. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Chavez-Tapia, NC; Barrientos-Gutierrez, T; Tellez-Avila, F; Soares-Weiser, K; Mendez-Sanchez, N; Gluud, C; Uribe, M (September 2011). "Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding – an updated Cochrane review". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 34 (5): 509–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04746.x. PMID 21707680. S2CID 8673988.
Palmer, K; Nairn, M; Guideline Development, Group (2008-10-10). "Management of acute gastrointestinal blood loss: summary of SIGN guidelines" (PDF). BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 337: a1832. doi:10.1136/bmj.a1832. PMID 18849311. S2CID 30762576. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
Coleman, CI; Sobieraj, DM; Winkler, S; Cutting, P; Mediouni, M; Alikhanov, S; Kluger, J (January 2012). "Effect of pharmacological therapies for stroke prevention on major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 66 (1): 53–63. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02809.x. PMID 22093613. S2CID 205877572.
Prasad Kerlin, Meeta; Tokar, Jeffrey L. (6 August 2013). "Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding". Annals of Internal Medicine. 159 (3): ITC2–1, ITC2–2, ITC2–3, ITC2–4, ITC2–5, ITC2–6, ITC2–7, ITC2–8, ITC2–9, ITC2–10, ITC2–11, ITC2–12, ITC2–13, ITC2–14, ITC2–15, quiz ITC2–16. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-01002. PMID 23922080. S2CID 19188697.
Stasi, Elisa; Michielan, Andrea; Morreale, Gaetano Cristian; Tozzi, Alessandro; Venezia, Ludovica; Bortoluzzi, Francesco; Triossi, Omero; Soncini, Marco; Leandro, Gioacchino; Milazzo, Giuseppe; Anderloni, Andrea (2019-03-01). "Five common errors to avoid in clinical practice: the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) Choosing Wisely Campaign". Internal and Emergency Medicine. 14 (2): 301–308. doi:10.1007/s11739-018-1992-x. ISSN 1970-9366. PMID 30499071. S2CID 54167009.
Tsoi, KK; Hirai, HW; Sung, JJ (Aug 5, 2013). "Meta-analysis: comparison of oral vs. intravenous proton pump inhibitors in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 38 (7): 721–8. doi:10.1111/apt.12441. PMID 23915096. S2CID 9294529.
Wells, M; Chande, N; Adams, P; Beaton, M; Levstik, M; Boyce, E; Mrkobrada, M (June 2012). "Meta-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 35 (11): 1267–78. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05088.x. PMID 22486630. S2CID 41754753.
Bai, Y; Guo, JF; Li, ZS (July 2011). "Meta-analysis: erythromycin before endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 34 (2): 166–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04708.x. PMID 21615438. S2CID 9906835.

sign.ac.uk

Palmer, K; Nairn, M; Guideline Development, Group (2008-10-10). "Management of acute gastrointestinal blood loss: summary of SIGN guidelines" (PDF). BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 337: a1832. doi:10.1136/bmj.a1832. PMID 18849311. S2CID 30762576. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2013-01-18.

uclahealth.org

"Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization (HAE)". www.uclahealth.org. Retrieved 2024-08-16.

web.archive.org

Westhoff, John (March 2004). "Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Evidence-Based ED Approach To Risk Stratification". Emergency Medicine Practice. 6 (3). Archived from the original on 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
"Bleeding in the Digestive Tract". The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. September 17, 2014. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Palmer, K; Nairn, M; Guideline Development, Group (2008-10-10). "Management of acute gastrointestinal blood loss: summary of SIGN guidelines" (PDF). BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 337: a1832. doi:10.1136/bmj.a1832. PMID 18849311. S2CID 30762576. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-16. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
"Management of acute lower GI bleeding". University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS). Jan 2009. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2012-04-23.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Stasi, Elisa; Michielan, Andrea; Morreale, Gaetano Cristian; Tozzi, Alessandro; Venezia, Ludovica; Bortoluzzi, Francesco; Triossi, Omero; Soncini, Marco; Leandro, Gioacchino; Milazzo, Giuseppe; Anderloni, Andrea (2019-03-01). "Five common errors to avoid in clinical practice: the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) Choosing Wisely Campaign". Internal and Emergency Medicine. 14 (2): 301–308. doi:10.1007/s11739-018-1992-x. ISSN 1970-9366. PMID 30499071. S2CID 54167009.
Kanno, Takeshi; Yuan, Yuhong; Tse, Frances; Howden, Colin W.; Moayyedi, Paul; Leontiadis, Grigorios I. (2022-01-07). "Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD005415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005415.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8741303. PMID 34995368.

youtube.com

UCLA Health (2024-06-24). Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization Minimally Invasive Treatment for Symptomatic Internal Hemorrhoids. Retrieved 2024-08-16 – via YouTube.