Paullin, Charles Oscar (1910). "The Opening of Korea by Commodore Shufeldt". Political Science Quarterly. 25 (3): 470–499. doi:10.2307/2141171. JSTOR2141171.
jstor.org
Paullin, Charles Oscar (1910). "The Opening of Korea by Commodore Shufeldt". Political Science Quarterly. 25 (3): 470–499. doi:10.2307/2141171. JSTOR2141171.
Key-Hiuk., Kim (1980). The Last Phase of the East Asian World Order: Korea, Japan, and the Chinese Empire, 1860–1882. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 205–209, 228, 231. ISBN0520035569. OCLC6114963.