General game playing (English Wikipedia)

Dresden GGP Server Archived 2013-04-07 at the Wayback Machine, platform for competition of general game playing systems with automatic scheduling of matches.

aaai.org (Global: low place; English: 6,393^rd place)

ojs.aaai.org

Kowalski, Jakub; Mika, Maksymilian; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykuła, Marek (2019-07-17). "Regular Boardgames". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 33 (1): 1699–1706. doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011699. ISSN 2374-3468.
Kowalski, Jakub; Mika, Maksymilian; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykuła, Marek (2019-07-17). "Regular Boardgames". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 33 (1): 1699–1706. doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011699. ISSN 2374-3468. S2CID 20296467.

aaai.org

Finnsson, Hilmar (2012). "Generalized Monte-Carlo Tree Search Extensions for General Game Playing". Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-09.

acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

dl.acm.org

Genesereth, Michael (2026-04-01). "General Game Playing". Communications of the ACM. 69 (4): 72–79. doi:10.1145/3747852. ISSN 0001-0782.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Zhang, Dongmo (2009). From general game descriptions to a market specification language for general trading agents [Agent-mediated electronic commerce. Designing trading strategies and mechanisms for electronic markets.]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 259–274. Bibcode:2010aecd.book..259T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.467.4629. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Silver, D.; Hubert, T.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Lai, M.; Guez, A.; Lanctot, M.; Sifre, L.; Kumaran, D.; Graepel, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Simonyan, K.; Hassabis, D. (2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play". Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106.
Campbell, M. (2018). "Mastering board games". Science. 362 (6419): 1118. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1118C. doi:10.1126/science.aav1175. PMID 30523099.
Silver, D.; Hubert, T.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Lai, M.; Guez, A.; Lanctot, M.; Sifre, L.; Kumaran, D.; Graepel, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Simonyan, K.; Hassabis, D. (2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play". Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106.
Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Hubert, Thomas; Simonyan, Karen; Sifre, Laurent; Schmitt, Simon; Guez, Arthur; Lockhart, Edward; Hassabis, Demis; Graepel, Thore; Lillicrap, Timothy; Silver, David (2020-12-24). "Mastering Atari, Go, chess and shogi by planning with a learned model". Nature. 588 (7839): 604–609. arXiv:1911.08265. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..604S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03051-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33361790.
Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Rusu, Andrei A.; Veness, Joel; Hassabis, Demis; Bellemare, Marc G.; Graves, Alex; Riedmiller, Martin; Fidjeland, Andreas K.; Stig Petersen, Georg Ostrovski; Beattie, Charles; Sadik, Amir; Antonoglou, Ioannis; King, Helen; Kumaran, Dharshan; Wierstra, Daan; Legg, Shane (26 February 2015). "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning". Nature. 518 (7540): 529–533. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..529M. doi:10.1038/nature14236. PMID 25719670. S2CID 205242740.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Hubert, Thomas; Simonyan, Karen; Sifre, Laurent; Schmitt, Simon; Guez, Arthur; Lockhart, Edward; Hassabis, Demis; Graepel, Thore; Lillicrap, Timothy; Silver, David (2020-12-24). "Mastering Atari, Go, chess and shogi by planning with a learned model". Nature. 588 (7839): 604–609. arXiv:1911.08265. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..604S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03051-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33361790.
Piette, Éric; Soemers, Dennis J. N. J.; Stephenson, Matthew; Sironi, Chiara F.; Winands, Mark H. M.; Browne, Cameron (2020-02-21), Ludii -- The Ludemic General Game System, arXiv:1905.05013
Topsakal, Oguzhan; Edell, Colby Jacob; Harper, Jackson Bailey (2024-07-11), Evaluating Large Language Models with Grid-Based Game Competitions: An Extensible LLM Benchmark and Leaderboard, arXiv:2407.07796
Hu, Lanxiang; Huo, Mingjia; Zhang, Yuxuan; Yu, Haoyang; Xing, Eric P.; Stoica, Ion; Rosing, Tajana; Jin, Haojian; Zhang, Hao (2025-06-03), lmgame-Bench: How Good are LLMs at Playing Games?, arXiv:2505.15146
Kowalski, Jakub; Miernik, Radoslaw; Mika, Maksymilian; Pawlik, Wojciech; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykula, Marek; Tkaczyk, Andrzej (2020). "Efficient Reasoning in Regular Boardgames". 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). pp. 455–462. arXiv:2006.08295. doi:10.1109/cog47356.2020.9231668. ISBN 978-1-7281-4533-4. S2CID 219687404.
Bowling, M.; Veness, J.; Naddaf, Y.; Bellemare, M. G. (2013-06-14). "The Arcade Learning Environment: An Evaluation Platform for General Agents". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. 47: 253–279. arXiv:1207.4708. doi:10.1613/jair.3912. ISSN 1076-9757. S2CID 1552061.

barneypell.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Barney Pell's research on computer game playing Archived 2007-08-12 at the Wayback Machine.
Barney Pell's research on computer game playing Archived 2007-08-12 at the Wayback Machine.

boardgamegeek.com (Global: 2,709^th place; English: 1,994^th place)

"Ai Ai announcement thread". BoardGameGeek. Archived from the original on 2017-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-16.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Crist, Walter; Piette, Éric; Jeneson, Karen; Soemers, Dennis J. N. J.; Stephenson, Matthew; Goor, Luk van; Browne, Cameron (February 11, 2026). "Ludus Coriovalli: using artificial intelligence-driven simulations to identify rules for an ancient board game". Antiquity. 100 (409): 111–126. doi:10.15184/aqy.2025.10264. ISSN 0003-598X.

ceur-ws.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Michael, Friedrich; Ignatov, Dmitry (2019). "General Game Playing B-to-B Price Negotiations" (PDF). CEUR Workshop Proceedings. -2479: 89–99. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

cs.cmu.edu

Murphy, Tom (2013). "The First Level of Super Mario Bros. is Easy with Lexicographic Orderings and Time Travel ... after that it gets a little tricky." (PDF). SIGBOVIK. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
Murphy, Tom. "learnfun & playfun: A general technique for automating NES games". Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.

dagstuhl.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

drops.dagstuhl.de

Levine, John; Congdon, Clare Bates; Ebner, Marc; Kendall, Graham; Lucas, Simon M.; Miikkulainen, Risto; Schaul, Tom; Thompson, Tommy (2013). "General Video Game Playing". Artificial and Computational Intelligence in Games. 6. Schloss Dagstuhl–Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik: 77–83. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2015.

diego-perez.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Perez, Diego; Dieskau, Jens; Hünermund, Martin. "Open Loop Search for General Video Game Playing" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
Neufeld, Xenija; Mostaghim, Sanaz; Perez-Liebana, Diego. "Procedural Level Generation with Answer Set Programming for General Video Game Playing" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2018-02-24.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Pell, Barney (1996). "A Strategic Metagame Player for General Chess-Like Games". Computational Intelligence. 12 (1): 177–198. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00258.x. ISSN 1467-8640. S2CID 996006.
Genesereth, Michael; Love, Nathaniel; Pell, Barney (15 June 2005). "General Game Playing: Overview of the AAAI Competition". AI Magazine. 26 (2): 62. doi:10.1609/aimag.v26i2.1813. ISSN 2371-9621.
Canaan, Rodrigo; Salge, Christoph; Togelius, Julian; Nealen, Andy (2019). Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Leveling the playing field: fairness in AI versus human game benchmarks]. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/3337722. ISBN 9781450372176. S2CID 58599284.
Genesereth, Michael (2026-04-01). "General Game Playing". Communications of the ACM. 69 (4): 72–79. doi:10.1145/3747852. ISSN 0001-0782.
Cazenave, Tristan (2020). "Jacques Pitrat (1934–2019): An obituary". Icga Journal. 42: 38–40. doi:10.3233/ICG-190142.
Genesereth, Michael; Love, Nathaniel; Pell, Barney (15 June 2005). "General Game Playing: Overview of the AAAI Competition". AI Magazine. 26 (2): 62. doi:10.1609/aimag.v26i2.1813. ISSN 2371-9621.
Genesereth, Michael; Björnsson, Yngvi (June 2013). "The International General Game Playing Competition". AI Magazine. 34 (2): 107–111. doi:10.1609/aimag.v34i2.2475. ISSN 0738-4602.
Schaul, Tom (2013-08-17). "A video game description language for model-based or interactive learning". 2013 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Games (CIG). pp. 1–8. doi:10.1109/CIG.2013.6633610. ISBN 978-1-4673-5311-3.
Silver, D.; Hubert, T.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Lai, M.; Guez, A.; Lanctot, M.; Sifre, L.; Kumaran, D.; Graepel, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Simonyan, K.; Hassabis, D. (2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play". Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106.
Campbell, M. (2018). "Mastering board games". Science. 362 (6419): 1118. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1118C. doi:10.1126/science.aav1175. PMID 30523099.
Silver, D.; Hubert, T.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Lai, M.; Guez, A.; Lanctot, M.; Sifre, L.; Kumaran, D.; Graepel, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Simonyan, K.; Hassabis, D. (2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play". Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106.
Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Hubert, Thomas; Simonyan, Karen; Sifre, Laurent; Schmitt, Simon; Guez, Arthur; Lockhart, Edward; Hassabis, Demis; Graepel, Thore; Lillicrap, Timothy; Silver, David (2020-12-24). "Mastering Atari, Go, chess and shogi by planning with a learned model". Nature. 588 (7839): 604–609. arXiv:1911.08265. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..604S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03051-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33361790.
Kowalski, Jakub; Mika, Maksymilian; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykuła, Marek (2019-07-17). "Regular Boardgames". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 33 (1): 1699–1706. doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011699. ISSN 2374-3468.
Kowalski, Jakub; Mika, Maksymilian; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykuła, Marek (2019-07-17). "Regular Boardgames". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 33 (1): 1699–1706. doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011699. ISSN 2374-3468. S2CID 20296467.
Kowalski, Jakub; Miernik, Radoslaw; Mika, Maksymilian; Pawlik, Wojciech; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykula, Marek; Tkaczyk, Andrzej (2020). "Efficient Reasoning in Regular Boardgames". 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). pp. 455–462. arXiv:2006.08295. doi:10.1109/cog47356.2020.9231668. ISBN 978-1-7281-4533-4. S2CID 219687404.
Świechowski, Maciej; Park, Hyunsoo; Mańdziuk, Jacek; Kim, Kyung-Joong (2015). "Recent Advances in General Game Playing". The Scientific World Journal. 2015 986262. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. doi:10.1155/2015/986262. PMC 4561326. PMID 26380375.
Crist, Walter; Piette, Éric; Jeneson, Karen; Soemers, Dennis J. N. J.; Stephenson, Matthew; Goor, Luk van; Browne, Cameron (February 11, 2026). "Ludus Coriovalli: using artificial intelligence-driven simulations to identify rules for an ancient board game". Antiquity. 100 (409): 111–126. doi:10.15184/aqy.2025.10264. ISSN 0003-598X.
M. Swiechowski; J. Mandziuk; Y. S. Ong, "Specialization of a UCT-based General Game Playing Program to Single-Player Games," in IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-1 doi:10.1109/TCIAIG.2015.2391232
Schaul, Tom (August 2013). "A video game description language for model-based or interactive learning". 2013 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Games (CIG). pp. 1–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.360.2263. doi:10.1109/CIG.2013.6633610. ISBN 978-1-4673-5311-3. S2CID 812565. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Bowling, M.; Veness, J.; Naddaf, Y.; Bellemare, M. G. (2013-06-14). "The Arcade Learning Environment: An Evaluation Platform for General Agents". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. 47: 253–279. arXiv:1207.4708. doi:10.1613/jair.3912. ISSN 1076-9757. S2CID 1552061.
Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Rusu, Andrei A.; Veness, Joel; Hassabis, Demis; Bellemare, Marc G.; Graves, Alex; Riedmiller, Martin; Fidjeland, Andreas K.; Stig Petersen, Georg Ostrovski; Beattie, Charles; Sadik, Amir; Antonoglou, Ioannis; King, Helen; Kumaran, Dharshan; Wierstra, Daan; Legg, Shane (26 February 2015). "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning". Nature. 518 (7540): 529–533. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..529M. doi:10.1038/nature14236. PMID 25719670. S2CID 205242740.

general-game-playing.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"General Game Playing". www.general-game-playing.de. Archived from the original on 2008-12-26. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
Information about Fluxplayer Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine, the winner of the 2nd International General Game Playing competition.

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

Schaul, Tom (7 February 2020). "schaul/py-vgdl". GitHub. Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
Vereecken, Ruben (2026-05-04), rubenvereecken/py-vgdl, retrieved 2026-05-29
Schaul, Tom (7 February 2020). "schaul/py-vgdl". GitHub. Archived from the original on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2020.

groups.google.com (Global: 2,153^rd place; English: 1,445^th place)

Available: Universal Game Engine Archived 2012-11-03 at the Wayback Machine email to comp.ai.games by Jeff Mallett, 10-Dec-1998.

idsia.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

people.idsia.ch

Levine, John; Congdon, Clare Bates; Ebner, Marc; Kendall, Graham; Lucas, Simon M.; Miikkulainen Risto, Schaul; Tom, Thompson; Tommy. "General Video Game Playing" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2016-04-09.

irit.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AGAPE - An Auction LanGuage for GenerAl Auction PlayErs". AGAPE (in French). 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

ludeme.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Digital Ludeme Project | Modelling the Evolution of Traditional Games". www.ludeme.eu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-02. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
Piette, E.; Soemers, D. J. N. J.; Stephenson, M.; Sironi, C.; Stephenson, M.; Winands M. H. M.; Browne, C. (2020). "Ludii – The Ludemic General Game System" (PDF). European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020), Santiago de Compestela. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2021-10-27.

ludii.games (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ludii Portal | Home of the Ludii General Game System". www.ludii.games. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-27.

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,445^th place; English: 1,513^th place)

svn.sable.mcgill.ca

Pell, Barney (1992). H. van den Herik; L. Allis (eds.). "Metagame: a new challenge for games and learning" [Heuristic programming in artificial intelligence 3–the third computerolympiad] (PDF). Ellis-Horwood. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2020-02-17.

mrraow.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AiAi Home Page – Stephen Tavener". mrraow.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2017-11-16.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Hubert, Thomas; Simonyan, Karen; Sifre, Laurent; Schmitt, Simon; Guez, Arthur; Lockhart, Edward; Hassabis, Demis; Graepel, Thore; Lillicrap, Timothy; Silver, David (2020-12-24). "Mastering Atari, Go, chess and shogi by planning with a learned model". Nature. 588 (7839): 604–609. arXiv:1911.08265. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..604S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03051-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33361790.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Silver, D.; Hubert, T.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Lai, M.; Guez, A.; Lanctot, M.; Sifre, L.; Kumaran, D.; Graepel, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Simonyan, K.; Hassabis, D. (2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play". Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106.
Campbell, M. (2018). "Mastering board games". Science. 362 (6419): 1118. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1118C. doi:10.1126/science.aav1175. PMID 30523099.
Silver, D.; Hubert, T.; Schrittwieser, J.; Antonoglou, I.; Lai, M.; Guez, A.; Lanctot, M.; Sifre, L.; Kumaran, D.; Graepel, T.; Lillicrap, T.; Simonyan, K.; Hassabis, D. (2018). "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play". Science. 362 (6419): 1140–1144. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1140S. doi:10.1126/science.aar6404. PMID 30523106.
Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Hubert, Thomas; Simonyan, Karen; Sifre, Laurent; Schmitt, Simon; Guez, Arthur; Lockhart, Edward; Hassabis, Demis; Graepel, Thore; Lillicrap, Timothy; Silver, David (2020-12-24). "Mastering Atari, Go, chess and shogi by planning with a learned model". Nature. 588 (7839): 604–609. arXiv:1911.08265. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..604S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03051-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33361790.
Świechowski, Maciej; Park, Hyunsoo; Mańdziuk, Jacek; Kim, Kyung-Joong (2015). "Recent Advances in General Game Playing". The Scientific World Journal. 2015 986262. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. doi:10.1155/2015/986262. PMC 4561326. PMID 26380375.
Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Rusu, Andrei A.; Veness, Joel; Hassabis, Demis; Bellemare, Marc G.; Graves, Alex; Riedmiller, Martin; Fidjeland, Andreas K.; Stig Petersen, Georg Ostrovski; Beattie, Charles; Sadik, Amir; Antonoglou, Ioannis; King, Helen; Kumaran, Dharshan; Wierstra, Daan; Legg, Shane (26 February 2015). "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning". Nature. 518 (7540): 529–533. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..529M. doi:10.1038/nature14236. PMID 25719670. S2CID 205242740.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Świechowski, Maciej; Park, Hyunsoo; Mańdziuk, Jacek; Kim, Kyung-Joong (2015). "Recent Advances in General Game Playing". The Scientific World Journal. 2015 986262. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. doi:10.1155/2015/986262. PMC 4561326. PMID 26380375.

nips.cc (Global: low place; English: low place)

papers.nips.cc

Guo, Xiaoxiao; Singh, Satinder; Lee, Honglak; Lewis, Richard L.; Wang, Xiaoshi (2014). "Deep Learning for Real-Time Atari Game Play Using Offline Monte-Carlo Tree Search Planning" (PDF). NIPS Proceedings^β. Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.

polyomino.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The PolyGamo Player Project | Programming Languages and General Players for Abstract Games and Puzzles". www.polyomino.com. Archived from the original on 2002-09-23. Retrieved 2017-11-16.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Zhang, Dongmo (2009). From general game descriptions to a market specification language for general trading agents [Agent-mediated electronic commerce. Designing trading strategies and mechanisms for electronic markets.]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 259–274. Bibcode:2010aecd.book..259T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.467.4629. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Schaul, Tom (August 2013). "A video game description language for model-based or interactive learning". 2013 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Games (CIG). pp. 1–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.360.2263. doi:10.1109/CIG.2013.6633610. ISBN 978-1-4673-5311-3. S2CID 812565. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

"Monte-Carlo Tree Search for General Game Playing". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
"Changing the root node from a previous game step". Archived from the original on 2021-01-17. DBS: A Directed Breadth First Search (DBS) algorithm

ru.is (Global: low place; English: low place)

cadia.ru.is

Information about CADIAPlayer Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, more information about the winner of the 3rd, 4th, and 8th International General Game Playing competitions.

sanchoggp.blogspot.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sancho is GGP Champion 2014! Archived 2015-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, winner of the 2014 International General Game Playing competition.

satirist.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Metagame and General Game Playing". Metagame and General Game Playing. Archived from the original on 3 March 2001. Retrieved 27 March 2016.

scitepress.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tagiew, Rustam (2009). Filipe, Joaquim; Fred, Ana; Sharp, Bernadette (eds.). Towards a framework for management of strategic interaction [Proceedings of the International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence] (PDF). Porto, Portugal. pp. 587–590. ISBN 978-989-8111-66-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2021-06-02.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Pell, Barney (1996). "A Strategic Metagame Player for General Chess-Like Games". Computational Intelligence. 12 (1): 177–198. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00258.x. ISSN 1467-8640. S2CID 996006.
Canaan, Rodrigo; Salge, Christoph; Togelius, Julian; Nealen, Andy (2019). Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Leveling the playing field: fairness in AI versus human game benchmarks]. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/3337722. ISBN 9781450372176. S2CID 58599284.
McMillen, Colin (2003). Toward the Development of an Intelligent Agent for the Supply Chain Management Game of the 2003 Trading Agent Competition [2003 Trading Agent Competition] (Thesis). Master's Thesis. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota. S2CID 167336006.
Kowalski, Jakub; Mika, Maksymilian; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykuła, Marek (2019-07-17). "Regular Boardgames". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 33 (1): 1699–1706. doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011699. ISSN 2374-3468. S2CID 20296467.
Kowalski, Jakub; Miernik, Radoslaw; Mika, Maksymilian; Pawlik, Wojciech; Sutowicz, Jakub; Szykula, Marek; Tkaczyk, Andrzej (2020). "Efficient Reasoning in Regular Boardgames". 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). pp. 455–462. arXiv:2006.08295. doi:10.1109/cog47356.2020.9231668. ISBN 978-1-7281-4533-4. S2CID 219687404.
Schaul, Tom (August 2013). "A video game description language for model-based or interactive learning". 2013 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Games (CIG). pp. 1–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.360.2263. doi:10.1109/CIG.2013.6633610. ISBN 978-1-4673-5311-3. S2CID 812565. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
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