Genetic transformation (English Wikipedia)

Johnston C, Martin B, Fichant G, Polard P, Claverys JP (March 2014). "Bacterial transformation: distribution, shared mechanisms and divergent control". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 12 (3): 181–96. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3199. PMID 24509783. S2CID 23559881.
Griffith F (1928). "The Significance of Pneumococcal Types". The Journal of Hygiene. 27 (2): 113–59. doi:10.1017/s0022172400031879. PMC 2167760. PMID 20474956.
Lederberg, Joshua (1994). "The Transformation of Genetics by DNA: An Anniversary Celebration of AVERY, MACLEOD and MCCARTY(1944) in Anecdotal, Historical and Critical Commentaries on Genetics". Genetics. 136 (2): 423–6. doi:10.1093/genetics/136.2.423. PMC 1205797. PMID 8150273.
Mandel M, Higa A (October 1970). "Calcium-dependent bacteriophage DNA infection". Journal of Molecular Biology. 53 (1): 159–62. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(70)90051-3. PMID 4922220.
Cohen SN, Chang AC, Hsu L (August 1972). "Nonchromosomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria: genetic transformation of Escherichia coli by R-factor DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69 (8): 2110–4. Bibcode:1972PNAS...69.2110C. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.8.2110. PMC 426879. PMID 4559594.
Hanahan D (June 1983). "Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids". Journal of Molecular Biology. 166 (4): 557–80. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.460.2021. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(83)80284-8. PMID 6345791.
Wirth R, Friesenegger A, Fiedler S (March 1989). "Transformation of various species of gram-negative bacteria belonging to 11 different genera by electroporation". Molecular & General Genetics. 216 (1): 175–7. doi:10.1007/BF00332248. PMID 2659971. S2CID 25214157.
Palmiter RD, Brinster RL, Hammer RE, Trumbauer ME, Rosenfeld MG, Birnberg NC, Evans RM (December 1982). "Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes". Nature. 300 (5893): 611–5. Bibcode:1982Natur.300..611P. doi:10.1038/300611a0. PMC 4881848. PMID 6958982.
Zambryski P, Joos H, Genetello C, Leemans J, Montagu MV, Schell J (1983). "Ti plasmid vector for the introduction of DNA into plant cells without alteration of their normal regeneration capacity". The EMBO Journal. 2 (12): 2143–50. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01715.x. PMC 555426. PMID 16453482.
Sanford JC, Klein TM, Wolf ED, Allen N (1987). "Delivery of substances into cells and tissues using a particle bombardment process". Journal of Particulate Science and Technology. 5: 27–37. doi:10.1080/02726358708904533.
Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 8 (3): 267–85. Bibcode:2008InfGE...8..267M. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550.
Seitz P, Blokesch M (May 2013). "Cues and regulatory pathways involved in natural competence and transformation in pathogenic and environmental Gram-negative bacteria" (PDF). FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 37 (3): 336–63. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00353.x. PMID 22928673.
Johnsborg O, Eldholm V, Håvarstein LS (December 2007). "Natural genetic transformation: prevalence, mechanisms and function". Research in Microbiology. 158 (10): 767–78. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2007.09.004. PMID 17997281.
Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 2 (3): 241–9. doi:10.1038/nrmicro844. PMID 15083159. S2CID 205499369.
Lacks S, Greenberg B, Neuberger M (June 1974). "Role of a deoxyribonuclease in the genetic transformation of Diplococcus pneumoniae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (6): 2305–9. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.2305L. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2305. PMC 388441. PMID 4152205.
Long CD, Tobiason DM, Lazio MP, Kline KA, Seifert HS (November 2003). "Low-level pilin expression allows for substantial DNA transformation competence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Infection and Immunity. 71 (11): 6279–91. doi:10.1128/iai.71.11.6279-6291.2003. PMC 219589. PMID 14573647.
Sisco KL, Smith HO (February 1979). "Sequence-specific DNA uptake in Haemophilus transformation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76 (2): 972–6. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76..972S. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.2.972. PMC 383110. PMID 311478.
Solomon JM, Grossman AD (April 1996). "Who's competent and when: regulation of natural genetic competence in bacteria". Trends in Genetics. 12 (4): 150–5. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(96)10014-7. PMID 8901420.
Saito Y, Taguchi H, Akamatsu T (March 2006). "Fate of transforming bacterial genome following incorporation into competent cells of Bacillus subtilis: a continuous length of incorporated DNA". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 101 (3): 257–62. doi:10.1263/jbb.101.257. PMID 16716928.
Saito Y, Taguchi H, Akamatsu T (April 2006). "DNA taken into Bacillus subtilis competent cells by lysed-protoplast transformation is not ssDNA but dsDNA". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 101 (4): 334–9. doi:10.1263/jbb.101.334. PMID 16716942.
Akamatsu T, Taguchi H (April 2001). "Incorporation of the whole chromosomal DNA in protoplast lysates into competent cells of Bacillus subtilis". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 65 (4): 823–9. doi:10.1271/bbb.65.823. PMID 11388459. S2CID 30118947.
Goodgal SH, Herriott RM (July 1961). "Studies on transformations of Hemophilus influenzae. I. Competence". The Journal of General Physiology. 44 (6): 1201–27. doi:10.1085/jgp.44.6.1201. PMC 2195138. PMID 13707010.
Aspiras MB, Ellen RP, Cvitkovitch DG (September 2004). "ComX activity of Streptococcus mutans growing in biofilms". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 238 (1): 167–74. doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.07.032 (inactive 22 July 2025). PMID 15336418.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Anagnostopoulos C, Spizizen J (May 1961). "Requirements for Transformation in Bacillus Subtilis". Journal of Bacteriology. 81 (5): 741–6. doi:10.1128/JB.81.5.741-746.1961. PMC 279084. PMID 16561900.
Angelov, Angel; Bergen, Paul; Nadler, Florian; Hornburg, Philipp; Lichev, Antoni; Ãœbelacker, Maria; Pachl, Fiona; Kuster, Bernhard; Liebl, Wolfgang (10 February 2015). "Novel Flp pilus biogenesis-dependent natural transformation". Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 84. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00084. PMC 4322843. PMID 25713572.
Lichev, Antoni; Angelov, Angel; Cucurull, Inigo; Liebl, Wolfgang (30 July 2019). "Amino acids as nutritional factors and (p)ppGpp as an alarmone of the stringent response regulate natural transformation in Micrococcus luteus". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 11030. Bibcode:2019NatSR...911030L. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47423-x. PMC 6667448. PMID 31363120.
Keen EC, Bliskovsky VV, Malagon F, Baker JD, Prince JS, Klaus JS, Adhya SL (January 2017). "Novel "Superspreader" Bacteriophages Promote Horizontal Gene Transfer by Transformation". mBio. 8 (1) e02115-16: e02115–16. doi:10.1128/mBio.02115-16. PMC 5241400. PMID 28096488.
Claverys JP, Prudhomme M, Martin B (2006). "Induction of competence regulons as a general response to stress in gram-positive bacteria". Annual Review of Microbiology. 60: 451–75. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.60.080805.142139. PMID 16771651.
Michod RE, Wojciechowski MF, Hoelzer MA (January 1988). "DNA repair and the evolution of transformation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis". Genetics. 118 (1): 31–9. doi:10.1093/genetics/118.1.31. PMC 1203263. PMID 8608929.
Dorer MS, Fero J, Salama NR (July 2010). Blanke SR (ed.). "DNA damage triggers genetic exchange in Helicobacter pylori". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (7) e1001026. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001026. PMC 2912397. PMID 20686662.
Charpentier X, Kay E, Schneider D, Shuman HA (March 2011). "Antibiotics and UV radiation induce competence for natural transformation in Legionella pneumophila". Journal of Bacteriology. 193 (5): 1114–21. doi:10.1128/JB.01146-10. PMC 3067580. PMID 21169481.
Albertini S, Chételat AA, Miller B, Muster W, Pujadas E, Strobel R, Gocke E (July 1995). "Genotoxicity of 17 gyrase- and four mammalian topoisomerase II-poisons in prokaryotic and eukaryotic test systems". Mutagenesis. 10 (4): 343–51. doi:10.1093/mutage/10.4.343. PMID 7476271.
Washburn RS, Gottesman ME (January 2011). "Transcription termination maintains chromosome integrity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (2): 792–7. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108..792W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009564108. PMC 3021005. PMID 21183718.
Sakano K, Oikawa S, Hasegawa K, Kawanishi S (November 2001). "Hydroxyurea induces site-specific DNA damage via formation of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide". Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 92 (11): 1166–74. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb02136.x. PMC 5926660. PMID 11714440.
Sharma DK, Soni I, Rajpurohit YS (January 2025). "Surviving the storm: exploring the role of natural transformation in nutrition and DNA repair of stressed Deinococcus radiodurans". Appl Environ Microbiol. 91 (1) e01371-24: e0137124. Bibcode:2025ApEnM..91E1371S. doi:10.1128/aem.01371-24. PMC 11784314. PMID 39651863.
Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens" (PDF). Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 8 (3): 267–85. Bibcode:2008InfGE...8..267M. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-05-11. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
Srivastava S (2013). Genetics of Bacteria (PDF). India: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1090-0. ISBN 978-81-322-1089-4. S2CID 35917467.
Kawai S, Hashimoto W, Murata K (1 November 2010). "Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi: methods and possible underlying mechanism". Bioengineered Bugs. 1 (6): 395–403. doi:10.4161/bbug.1.6.13257. PMC 3056089. PMID 21468206.
Hinnen A, Hicks JB, Fink GR (April 1978). "Transformation of yeast". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (4): 1929–33. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.1929H. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. PMC 392455. PMID 347451.
Ito H, Fukuda Y, Murata K, Kimura A (January 1983). "Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations". Journal of Bacteriology. 153 (1): 163–8. doi:10.1128/JB.153.1.163-168.1983. PMC 217353. PMID 6336730.
Gietz RD, Woods RA (2002). "Transformation of yeast by lithium acetate/single-stranded carrier DNA/polyethylene glycol method". Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular and Cell Biology - Part B. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 350. pp. 87–96. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(02)50957-5. ISBN 978-0-12-182253-8. PMID 12073338.
Gietz RD, Schiestl RH, Willems AR, Woods RA (April 1995). "Studies on the transformation of intact yeast cells by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG procedure". Yeast. 11 (4): 355–60. doi:10.1002/yea.320110408. PMID 7785336. S2CID 22611810.
Schiestl, Robert H.; Manivasakam, P.; Woods, Robin A.; Gietzt, R.Daniel (1 August 1993). "Introducing DNA into Yeast by Transformation". Methods. 5 (2): 79–85. doi:10.1006/meth.1993.1011.
Spencer, F.; Ketner, G.; Connelly, C.; Hieter, P. (1 August 1993). "Targeted Recombination-Based Cloning and Manipulation of Large DNA Segments in Yeast". Methods. 5 (2): 161–175. doi:10.1006/meth.1993.1021.
Costanzo MC, Fox TD (November 1988). "Transformation of yeast by agitation with glass beads". Genetics. 120 (3): 667–70. doi:10.1093/genetics/120.3.667. PMC 1203545. PMID 3066683.
Dohmen RJ, Strasser AW, Höner CB, Hollenberg CP (October 1991). "An efficient transformation procedure enabling long-term storage of competent cells of various yeast genera". Yeast. 7 (7): 691–2. doi:10.1002/yea.320070704. PMID 1776359. S2CID 7108750.
Hayama Y, Fukuda Y, Kawai S, Hashimoto W, Murata K (2002). "Extremely simple, rapid and highly efficient transformation method for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using glutathione and early log phase cells". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 94 (2): 166–71. doi:10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80138-4. PMID 16233287.
Poyedinok, N. L.; Blume, Ya. B. (March 2018). "Advances, Problems, and Prospects of Genetic Transformation of Fungi". Cytology and Genetics. 52 (2): 139–154. doi:10.3103/S009545271802007X. ISSN 0095-4527. S2CID 4561837.
He, Liya; Feng, Jiao; Lu, Sha; Chen, Zhiwen; Chen, Chunmei; He, Ya; Yi, Xiuwen; Xi, Liyan (2017). "Genetic transformation of fungi". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 61 (6–7): 375–381. doi:10.1387/ijdb.160026lh. ISSN 0214-6282. PMID 27528043.
Waltz, Emily (April 2016). "Gene-edited CRISPR mushroom escapes US regulation". Nature. 532 (7599): 293. Bibcode:2016Natur.532..293W. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.19754. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27111611.
Rivera, Ana Leonor; Magaña-Ortíz, Denis; Gómez-Lim, Miguel; Fernández, Francisco; Loske, Achim M. (June 2014). "Physical methods for genetic transformation of fungi and yeast". Physics of Life Reviews. 11 (2): 184–203. Bibcode:2014PhLRv..11..184R. doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2014.01.007. PMID 24507729.
Inoue H, Nojima H, Okayama H (November 1990). "High efficiency transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids". Gene. 96 (1): 23–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(90)90336-P. PMID 2265755.
Birnboim HC, Doly J (November 1979). "A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 7 (6): 1513–23. doi:10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. PMC 342324. PMID 388356.

dsmz.de (Global: 4,644^th place; English: 3,142^nd place)

lpsn.dsmz.de

"Species: Agrobacterium fabrum". lpsn.dsmz.de.

epfl.ch (Global: 4,521^st place; English: 4,877^th place)

infoscience.epfl.ch

Seitz P, Blokesch M (May 2013). "Cues and regulatory pathways involved in natural competence and transformation in pathogenic and environmental Gram-negative bacteria" (PDF). FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 37 (3): 336–63. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00353.x. PMID 22928673.

genetics.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Michod RE, Wojciechowski MF, Hoelzer MA (January 1988). "DNA repair and the evolution of transformation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis". Genetics. 118 (1): 31–9. doi:10.1093/genetics/118.1.31. PMC 1203263. PMID 8608929.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cohen SN, Chang AC, Hsu L (August 1972). "Nonchromosomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria: genetic transformation of Escherichia coli by R-factor DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69 (8): 2110–4. Bibcode:1972PNAS...69.2110C. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.8.2110. PMC 426879. PMID 4559594.
Palmiter RD, Brinster RL, Hammer RE, Trumbauer ME, Rosenfeld MG, Birnberg NC, Evans RM (December 1982). "Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes". Nature. 300 (5893): 611–5. Bibcode:1982Natur.300..611P. doi:10.1038/300611a0. PMC 4881848. PMID 6958982.
Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 8 (3): 267–85. Bibcode:2008InfGE...8..267M. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550.
Lacks S, Greenberg B, Neuberger M (June 1974). "Role of a deoxyribonuclease in the genetic transformation of Diplococcus pneumoniae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (6): 2305–9. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.2305L. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2305. PMC 388441. PMID 4152205.
Sisco KL, Smith HO (February 1979). "Sequence-specific DNA uptake in Haemophilus transformation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76 (2): 972–6. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76..972S. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.2.972. PMC 383110. PMID 311478.
Lichev, Antoni; Angelov, Angel; Cucurull, Inigo; Liebl, Wolfgang (30 July 2019). "Amino acids as nutritional factors and (p)ppGpp as an alarmone of the stringent response regulate natural transformation in Micrococcus luteus". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 11030. Bibcode:2019NatSR...911030L. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47423-x. PMC 6667448. PMID 31363120.
Washburn RS, Gottesman ME (January 2011). "Transcription termination maintains chromosome integrity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (2): 792–7. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108..792W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009564108. PMC 3021005. PMID 21183718.
Sharma DK, Soni I, Rajpurohit YS (January 2025). "Surviving the storm: exploring the role of natural transformation in nutrition and DNA repair of stressed Deinococcus radiodurans". Appl Environ Microbiol. 91 (1) e01371-24: e0137124. Bibcode:2025ApEnM..91E1371S. doi:10.1128/aem.01371-24. PMC 11784314. PMID 39651863.
Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens" (PDF). Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 8 (3): 267–85. Bibcode:2008InfGE...8..267M. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-05-11. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
Hinnen A, Hicks JB, Fink GR (April 1978). "Transformation of yeast". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (4): 1929–33. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.1929H. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. PMC 392455. PMID 347451.
Waltz, Emily (April 2016). "Gene-edited CRISPR mushroom escapes US regulation". Nature. 532 (7599): 293. Bibcode:2016Natur.532..293W. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.19754. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27111611.
Rivera, Ana Leonor; Magaña-Ortíz, Denis; Gómez-Lim, Miguel; Fernández, Francisco; Loske, Achim M. (June 2014). "Physical methods for genetic transformation of fungi and yeast". Physics of Life Reviews. 11 (2): 184–203. Bibcode:2014PhLRv..11..184R. doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2014.01.007. PMID 24507729.

invitrogen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Donahue RA, Bloom FR (July 1998). "Large-volume transformation with high-throughput efficiency chemically competent cells" (PDF). Focus. Vol. 20, no. 2. pp. 54–56. OCLC 12352630. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-06 – via Invitrogen.^{[unreliable source?]}

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Johnston C, Martin B, Fichant G, Polard P, Claverys JP (March 2014). "Bacterial transformation: distribution, shared mechanisms and divergent control". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 12 (3): 181–96. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3199. PMID 24509783. S2CID 23559881.
Griffith F (1928). "The Significance of Pneumococcal Types". The Journal of Hygiene. 27 (2): 113–59. doi:10.1017/s0022172400031879. PMC 2167760. PMID 20474956.
Lederberg, Joshua (1994). "The Transformation of Genetics by DNA: An Anniversary Celebration of AVERY, MACLEOD and MCCARTY(1944) in Anecdotal, Historical and Critical Commentaries on Genetics". Genetics. 136 (2): 423–6. doi:10.1093/genetics/136.2.423. PMC 1205797. PMID 8150273.
Mandel M, Higa A (October 1970). "Calcium-dependent bacteriophage DNA infection". Journal of Molecular Biology. 53 (1): 159–62. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(70)90051-3. PMID 4922220.
Cohen SN, Chang AC, Hsu L (August 1972). "Nonchromosomal antibiotic resistance in bacteria: genetic transformation of Escherichia coli by R-factor DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69 (8): 2110–4. Bibcode:1972PNAS...69.2110C. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.8.2110. PMC 426879. PMID 4559594.
Hanahan D (June 1983). "Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids". Journal of Molecular Biology. 166 (4): 557–80. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.460.2021. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(83)80284-8. PMID 6345791.
Wirth R, Friesenegger A, Fiedler S (March 1989). "Transformation of various species of gram-negative bacteria belonging to 11 different genera by electroporation". Molecular & General Genetics. 216 (1): 175–7. doi:10.1007/BF00332248. PMID 2659971. S2CID 25214157.
Palmiter RD, Brinster RL, Hammer RE, Trumbauer ME, Rosenfeld MG, Birnberg NC, Evans RM (December 1982). "Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes". Nature. 300 (5893): 611–5. Bibcode:1982Natur.300..611P. doi:10.1038/300611a0. PMC 4881848. PMID 6958982.
Zambryski P, Joos H, Genetello C, Leemans J, Montagu MV, Schell J (1983). "Ti plasmid vector for the introduction of DNA into plant cells without alteration of their normal regeneration capacity". The EMBO Journal. 2 (12): 2143–50. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01715.x. PMC 555426. PMID 16453482.
Klein RM, Wolf ED, Wu R, Sanford JC (1992). "High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells. 1987". Biotechnology (Reading, Mass.). 24: 384–6. PMID 1422046.
Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 8 (3): 267–85. Bibcode:2008InfGE...8..267M. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550.
Seitz P, Blokesch M (May 2013). "Cues and regulatory pathways involved in natural competence and transformation in pathogenic and environmental Gram-negative bacteria" (PDF). FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 37 (3): 336–63. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00353.x. PMID 22928673.
Johnsborg O, Eldholm V, Håvarstein LS (December 2007). "Natural genetic transformation: prevalence, mechanisms and function". Research in Microbiology. 158 (10): 767–78. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2007.09.004. PMID 17997281.
Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 2 (3): 241–9. doi:10.1038/nrmicro844. PMID 15083159. S2CID 205499369.
Lacks S, Greenberg B, Neuberger M (June 1974). "Role of a deoxyribonuclease in the genetic transformation of Diplococcus pneumoniae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 71 (6): 2305–9. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.2305L. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2305. PMC 388441. PMID 4152205.
Long CD, Tobiason DM, Lazio MP, Kline KA, Seifert HS (November 2003). "Low-level pilin expression allows for substantial DNA transformation competence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae". Infection and Immunity. 71 (11): 6279–91. doi:10.1128/iai.71.11.6279-6291.2003. PMC 219589. PMID 14573647.
Sisco KL, Smith HO (February 1979). "Sequence-specific DNA uptake in Haemophilus transformation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76 (2): 972–6. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76..972S. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.2.972. PMC 383110. PMID 311478.
Solomon JM, Grossman AD (April 1996). "Who's competent and when: regulation of natural genetic competence in bacteria". Trends in Genetics. 12 (4): 150–5. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(96)10014-7. PMID 8901420.
Saito Y, Taguchi H, Akamatsu T (March 2006). "Fate of transforming bacterial genome following incorporation into competent cells of Bacillus subtilis: a continuous length of incorporated DNA". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 101 (3): 257–62. doi:10.1263/jbb.101.257. PMID 16716928.
Saito Y, Taguchi H, Akamatsu T (April 2006). "DNA taken into Bacillus subtilis competent cells by lysed-protoplast transformation is not ssDNA but dsDNA". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 101 (4): 334–9. doi:10.1263/jbb.101.334. PMID 16716942.
Akamatsu T, Taguchi H (April 2001). "Incorporation of the whole chromosomal DNA in protoplast lysates into competent cells of Bacillus subtilis". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 65 (4): 823–9. doi:10.1271/bbb.65.823. PMID 11388459. S2CID 30118947.
Goodgal SH, Herriott RM (July 1961). "Studies on transformations of Hemophilus influenzae. I. Competence". The Journal of General Physiology. 44 (6): 1201–27. doi:10.1085/jgp.44.6.1201. PMC 2195138. PMID 13707010.
Aspiras MB, Ellen RP, Cvitkovitch DG (September 2004). "ComX activity of Streptococcus mutans growing in biofilms". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 238 (1): 167–74. doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.07.032 (inactive 22 July 2025). PMID 15336418.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Anagnostopoulos C, Spizizen J (May 1961). "Requirements for Transformation in Bacillus Subtilis". Journal of Bacteriology. 81 (5): 741–6. doi:10.1128/JB.81.5.741-746.1961. PMC 279084. PMID 16561900.
Angelov, Angel; Bergen, Paul; Nadler, Florian; Hornburg, Philipp; Lichev, Antoni; Ãœbelacker, Maria; Pachl, Fiona; Kuster, Bernhard; Liebl, Wolfgang (10 February 2015). "Novel Flp pilus biogenesis-dependent natural transformation". Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 84. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00084. PMC 4322843. PMID 25713572.
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Kawai S, Hashimoto W, Murata K (1 November 2010). "Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi: methods and possible underlying mechanism". Bioengineered Bugs. 1 (6): 395–403. doi:10.4161/bbug.1.6.13257. PMC 3056089. PMID 21468206.
Hinnen A, Hicks JB, Fink GR (April 1978). "Transformation of yeast". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (4): 1929–33. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.1929H. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. PMC 392455. PMID 347451.
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Dohmen RJ, Strasser AW, Höner CB, Hollenberg CP (October 1991). "An efficient transformation procedure enabling long-term storage of competent cells of various yeast genera". Yeast. 7 (7): 691–2. doi:10.1002/yea.320070704. PMID 1776359. S2CID 7108750.
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He, Liya; Feng, Jiao; Lu, Sha; Chen, Zhiwen; Chen, Chunmei; He, Ya; Yi, Xiuwen; Xi, Liyan (2017). "Genetic transformation of fungi". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 61 (6–7): 375–381. doi:10.1387/ijdb.160026lh. ISSN 0214-6282. PMID 27528043.
Waltz, Emily (April 2016). "Gene-edited CRISPR mushroom escapes US regulation". Nature. 532 (7599): 293. Bibcode:2016Natur.532..293W. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.19754. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27111611.
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Angelov, Angel; Bergen, Paul; Nadler, Florian; Hornburg, Philipp; Lichev, Antoni; Ãœbelacker, Maria; Pachl, Fiona; Kuster, Bernhard; Liebl, Wolfgang (10 February 2015). "Novel Flp pilus biogenesis-dependent natural transformation". Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 84. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00084. PMC 4322843. PMID 25713572.
Lichev, Antoni; Angelov, Angel; Cucurull, Inigo; Liebl, Wolfgang (30 July 2019). "Amino acids as nutritional factors and (p)ppGpp as an alarmone of the stringent response regulate natural transformation in Micrococcus luteus". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 11030. Bibcode:2019NatSR...911030L. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47423-x. PMC 6667448. PMID 31363120.
Keen EC, Bliskovsky VV, Malagon F, Baker JD, Prince JS, Klaus JS, Adhya SL (January 2017). "Novel "Superspreader" Bacteriophages Promote Horizontal Gene Transfer by Transformation". mBio. 8 (1) e02115-16: e02115–16. doi:10.1128/mBio.02115-16. PMC 5241400. PMID 28096488.
Michod RE, Wojciechowski MF, Hoelzer MA (January 1988). "DNA repair and the evolution of transformation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis". Genetics. 118 (1): 31–9. doi:10.1093/genetics/118.1.31. PMC 1203263. PMID 8608929.
Dorer MS, Fero J, Salama NR (July 2010). Blanke SR (ed.). "DNA damage triggers genetic exchange in Helicobacter pylori". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (7) e1001026. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001026. PMC 2912397. PMID 20686662.
Charpentier X, Kay E, Schneider D, Shuman HA (March 2011). "Antibiotics and UV radiation induce competence for natural transformation in Legionella pneumophila". Journal of Bacteriology. 193 (5): 1114–21. doi:10.1128/JB.01146-10. PMC 3067580. PMID 21169481.
Washburn RS, Gottesman ME (January 2011). "Transcription termination maintains chromosome integrity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (2): 792–7. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108..792W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009564108. PMC 3021005. PMID 21183718.
Sakano K, Oikawa S, Hasegawa K, Kawanishi S (November 2001). "Hydroxyurea induces site-specific DNA damage via formation of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide". Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. 92 (11): 1166–74. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb02136.x. PMC 5926660. PMID 11714440.
Sharma DK, Soni I, Rajpurohit YS (January 2025). "Surviving the storm: exploring the role of natural transformation in nutrition and DNA repair of stressed Deinococcus radiodurans". Appl Environ Microbiol. 91 (1) e01371-24: e0137124. Bibcode:2025ApEnM..91E1371S. doi:10.1128/aem.01371-24. PMC 11784314. PMID 39651863.
Kawai S, Hashimoto W, Murata K (1 November 2010). "Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi: methods and possible underlying mechanism". Bioengineered Bugs. 1 (6): 395–403. doi:10.4161/bbug.1.6.13257. PMC 3056089. PMID 21468206.
Hinnen A, Hicks JB, Fink GR (April 1978). "Transformation of yeast". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (4): 1929–33. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.1929H. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. PMC 392455. PMID 347451.
Ito H, Fukuda Y, Murata K, Kimura A (January 1983). "Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations". Journal of Bacteriology. 153 (1): 163–8. doi:10.1128/JB.153.1.163-168.1983. PMC 217353. PMID 6336730.
Costanzo MC, Fox TD (November 1988). "Transformation of yeast by agitation with glass beads". Genetics. 120 (3): 667–70. doi:10.1093/genetics/120.3.667. PMC 1203545. PMID 3066683.
Birnboim HC, Doly J (November 1979). "A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 7 (6): 1513–23. doi:10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. PMC 342324. PMID 388356.

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Gietz RD, Schiestl RH, Willems AR, Woods RA (April 1995). "Studies on the transformation of intact yeast cells by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG procedure". Yeast. 11 (4): 355–60. doi:10.1002/yea.320110408. PMID 7785336. S2CID 22611810.
Dohmen RJ, Strasser AW, Höner CB, Hollenberg CP (October 1991). "An efficient transformation procedure enabling long-term storage of competent cells of various yeast genera". Yeast. 7 (7): 691–2. doi:10.1002/yea.320070704. PMID 1776359. S2CID 7108750.
Poyedinok, N. L.; Blume, Ya. B. (March 2018). "Advances, Problems, and Prospects of Genetic Transformation of Fungi". Cytology and Genetics. 52 (2): 139–154. doi:10.3103/S009545271802007X. ISSN 0095-4527. S2CID 4561837.

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Srivastava S (2013). Genetics of Bacteria (PDF). India: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1090-0. ISBN 978-81-322-1089-4. S2CID 35917467.

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Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens" (PDF). Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 8 (3): 267–85. Bibcode:2008InfGE...8..267M. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002. PMID 18295550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-05-11. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
Donahue RA, Bloom FR (July 1998). "Large-volume transformation with high-throughput efficiency chemically competent cells" (PDF). Focus. Vol. 20, no. 2. pp. 54–56. OCLC 12352630. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-06 – via Invitrogen.^{[unreliable source?]}
Bacterial Transformation Archived 2010-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
Donahue RA, Bloom FR (September 1998). "Transformation efficiency of E. coli electroporated with large plasmid DNA" (PDF). Focus. 20 (3): 77–78. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011.

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Donahue RA, Bloom FR (July 1998). "Large-volume transformation with high-throughput efficiency chemically competent cells" (PDF). Focus. Vol. 20, no. 2. pp. 54–56. OCLC 12352630. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-06 – via Invitrogen.^{[unreliable source?]}
Poyedinok, N. L.; Blume, Ya. B. (March 2018). "Advances, Problems, and Prospects of Genetic Transformation of Fungi". Cytology and Genetics. 52 (2): 139–154. doi:10.3103/S009545271802007X. ISSN 0095-4527. S2CID 4561837.
He, Liya; Feng, Jiao; Lu, Sha; Chen, Zhiwen; Chen, Chunmei; He, Ya; Yi, Xiuwen; Xi, Liyan (2017). "Genetic transformation of fungi". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 61 (6–7): 375–381. doi:10.1387/ijdb.160026lh. ISSN 0214-6282. PMID 27528043.
Waltz, Emily (April 2016). "Gene-edited CRISPR mushroom escapes US regulation". Nature. 532 (7599): 293. Bibcode:2016Natur.532..293W. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.19754. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27111611.

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