Genetics (English Wikipedia)

Bateson W (1907). "The Progress of Genetic Research". In Wilks, W (ed.). Report of the Third 1906 International Conference on Genetics: Hybridization (the cross-breeding of genera or species), the cross-breeding of varieties, and general plant breeding. London: Royal Horticultural Society. :Initially titled the "International Conference on Hybridisation and Plant Breeding", the title was changed as a result of Bateson's speech. See: Cock AG, Forsdyke DR (2008). Treasure your exceptions: the science and life of William Bateson. Springer. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-387-75687-5.
Prescott LM, Harley JP, Klein DA (1996). Microbiology (3rd ed.). Wm. C. Brown. p. 343. ISBN 0-697-21865-1.
Strachan T, Read AP (1999). Human Molecular Genetics 2 (second ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc. Chapter 18: Cancer Genetics Archived 26 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
Lodish et al. (2000), Molecular Cell Biology, Chapter 7: 7.7. Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Alternative to Cloning. ISBN 0-7167-3136-3

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Science: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 2009. p. 362. ISBN 978-0-7566-6490-9.
Poczai P (2022). Heredity Before Mendel: Festetics and the Question of Sheep's Wool in Central Europe. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-032-02743-2. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
Hamilton H (2011). Population Genetics. Georgetown University. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4443-6245-9.
Frederick B (2010). Managing Science: Methodology and Organization of Research. Springer. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-4419-7488-4.
Rice SA (2009). Encyclopedia of Evolution. Infobase Publishing. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-4381-1005-9.
Sarkar S (1998). Genetics and Reductionism. Cambridge University Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-521-63713-8.
Staub JE (1994). Crossover: Concepts and Applications in Genetics, Evolution, and Breeding. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-299-13564-5.
Schaechter M (2009). Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Academic Press. p. 551. ISBN 978-0-12-373944-5.
Calver M, Lymbery A, McComb J, Bamford M (2009). Environmental Biology. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-521-67982-4.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Ruth Sager". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

bwh.harvard.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

sickle.bwh.harvard.edu

"How Does Sickle Cell Cause Disease?". Brigham and Women's Hospital: Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders. 11 April 2002. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2007.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Müller-Wille S, Parolini G (9 December 2020). "Punnett squares and hybrid crosses: how Mendelians learned their trade by the book". Learning by the Book: Manuals and Handbooks in the History of Science. BJHS Themes. Vol. 5. British Society for the History of Science / Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–165. doi:10.1017/bjt.2020.12. S2CID 229344415. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.

cnu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

faculty.users.cnu.edu

Cheney RW. "Genetic Notation". Christopher Newport University. Archived from the original on 3 January 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2008.

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (October 2021). "Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel". Biology Direct. 16 (1) 19. doi:10.1186/s13062-021-00308-4. PMC 8532317. PMID 34674746. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.

darwin-online.org.uk (Global: 3,419^th place; English: 2,737^th place)

Darwin C (1859). On the Origin of Species. London: John Murray. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 December 2006.
Earlier related ideas were acknowledged in Darwin C (1861). On the Origin of Species (3rd ed.). London: John Murray. xiii. Archived from the original on 23 February 2011.

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"the definition of genetics". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (July 2022). "Themes of Biological Inheritance in Early Nineteenth Century Sheep Breeding as Revealed by J. M. Ehrenfels". Genes. 13 (8): 1311. doi:10.3390/genes13081311. PMC 9332421. PMID 35893050.
Weiling F (July 1991). "Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel 1822-1884". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 40 (1): 1–25, discussion 26. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320400103. PMID 1887835.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (October 2021). "Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel". Biology Direct. 16 (1) 19. doi:10.1186/s13062-021-00308-4. PMC 8532317. PMID 34674746. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Szabó AT, Poczai P (June 2019). "The emergence of genetics from Festetics' sheep through Mendel's peas to Bateson's chickens". Journal of Genetics. 98 (2) 63. doi:10.1007/s12041-019-1108-z. hdl:10138/324962. PMID 31204695. S2CID 174803150.
Poczai P, Bell N, Hyvönen J (January 2014). "Imre Festetics and the Sheep Breeders' Society of Moravia: Mendel's Forgotten "Research Network"". PLOS Biology. 12 (1) e1001772. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001772. PMC 3897355. PMID 24465180.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA, Sekerák J, Bariska I, Szabó AT (October 2022). "Mimush Sheep and the Spectre of Inbreeding: Historical Background for Festetics's Organic and Genetic Laws Four Decades Before Mendel's Experiments in Peas". Journal of the History of Biology. 55 (3): 495–536. doi:10.1007/s10739-022-09678-5. PMC 9668798. PMID 35670984. S2CID 249433049.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (2022). "Chip Off the Old Block: Generation, Development, and Ancestral Concepts of Heredity". Frontiers in Genetics. 13 814436. doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.814436. PMC 8959437. PMID 35356423.
Richmond ML (November 2007). "Opportunities for women in early genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 8 (11): 897–902. doi:10.1038/nrg2200. PMID 17893692. S2CID 21992183. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
Moore JA (1983). "Thomas Hunt Morgan – The Geneticist". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 23 (4): 855–865. doi:10.1093/icb/23.4.855.
Sturtevant AH (1913). "The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown by their mode of association" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 14 (1): 43–59. Bibcode:1913JEZ....14...43S. doi:10.1002/jez.1400140104. S2CID 82583173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008.
Avery OT, Macleod CM, McCarty M (February 1944). "Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 79 (2): 137–158. doi:10.1084/jem.79.2.137. PMC 2135445. PMID 19871359. Reprint: Avery OT, MacLeod CM, McCarty M (February 1979). "Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Inductions of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 149 (2): 297–326. doi:10.1084/jem.149.2.297. PMC 2184805. PMID 33226.
Hershey AD, Chase M (May 1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". The Journal of General Physiology. 36 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1085/jgp.36.1.39. PMC 2147348. PMID 12981234.
Watson JD, Crick FH (April 1953). "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737–738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. S2CID 4253007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2007.
Watson JD, Crick FH (May 1953). "Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4361): 964–967. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..964W. doi:10.1038/171964b0. PMID 13063483. S2CID 4256010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2003.
Stratmann SA, van Oijen AM (February 2014). "DNA replication at the single-molecule level" (PDF). Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (4): 1201–1220. doi:10.1039/c3cs60391a. PMID 24395040. S2CID 205856075. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2017.
Ohta T (November 1973). "Slightly deleterious mutant substitutions in evolution". Nature. 246 (5428): 96–98. Bibcode:1973Natur.246...96O. doi:10.1038/246096a0. PMID 4585855. S2CID 4226804.
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (December 1977). "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (12): 5463–5467. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.5463S. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. PMC 431765. PMID 271968.
Saiki RK, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis KB, Horn GT, Erlich HA, et al. (December 1985). "Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia". Science. 230 (4732): 1350–1354. Bibcode:1985Sci...230.1350S. doi:10.1126/science.2999980. PMID 2999980.
Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, et al. (2001). "The sequence of the human genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040.
Müller-Wille S, Parolini G (9 December 2020). "Punnett squares and hybrid crosses: how Mendelians learned their trade by the book". Learning by the Book: Manuals and Handbooks in the History of Science. BJHS Themes. Vol. 5. British Society for the History of Science / Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–165. doi:10.1017/bjt.2020.12. S2CID 229344415. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
Mayeux R (June 2005). "Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (6): 1404–1407. doi:10.1172/JCI25421. PMC 1137013. PMID 15931374.
Luke A, Guo X, Adeyemo AA, Wilks R, Forrester T, Lowe W, et al. (July 2001). "Heritability of obesity-related traits among Nigerians, Jamaicans and US black people". International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. 25 (7): 1034–1041. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801650. PMID 11443503.
Pearson H (May 2006). "Genetics: what is a gene?". Nature. 441 (7092): 398–401. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..398P. doi:10.1038/441398a. PMID 16724031. S2CID 4420674.
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, et al. (May 2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315–321. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..315G. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.
Rastan S (February 2015). "Mary F. Lyon (1925-2014)". Nature. 518 (7537). Springer Nature Limited: 36. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...36R. doi:10.1038/518036a. PMID 25652989. S2CID 4405984.
Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (January 2018). "Sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 57: 8–25. Bibcode:2018InfGE..57....8B. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.024. PMID 29111273.
Creighton HB, McClintock B (August 1931). "A Correlation of Cytological and Genetical Crossing-Over in Zea Mays". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 17 (8): 492–497. Bibcode:1931PNAS...17..492C. doi:10.1073/pnas.17.8.492. PMC 1076098. PMID 16587654.
Crick F (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology" (PDF). Nature. 227 (5258): 561–563. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914. S2CID 4164029. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2006.
Elendu C, Amaechi DC, Alakwe-Ojimba CE, Elendu TC, Elendu RC, Ayabazu CP, et al. (22 September 2023). "Understanding Sickle cell disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment options". Medicine. 102 (38) e35237. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035237. ISSN 0025-7974. PMC 10519513. PMID 37746969.
Marques TM, Gama-Carvalho M (19 February 2022). "Network Approaches to Study Endogenous RNA Competition and Its Impact on Tissue-Specific microRNA Functions". Biomolecules. 12 (2): 332. doi:10.3390/biom12020332. ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 8868585. PMID 35204832.
Imes DL, Geary LA, Grahn RA, Lyons LA (April 2006). "Albinism in the domestic cat (Felis catus) is associated with a tyrosinase (TYR) mutation". Animal Genetics. 37 (2): 175–178. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01409.x. PMC 1464423. PMID 16573534.
Rosenthal D (1964). "The Genain Quadruplets: A Case Study and Theoretical Analysis of Heredity and Environment in Schizophrenia". Behavioral Science. 9 (4): 371. doi:10.1002/bs.3830090407.
Brivanlou AH, Darnell JE (February 2002). "Signal transduction and the control of gene expression". Science. 295 (5556): 813–818. Bibcode:2002Sci...295..813B. doi:10.1126/science.1066355. PMID 11823631. S2CID 14954195.
Jaenisch R, Bird A (March 2003). "Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals". Nature Genetics. 33 (Suppl): 245–254. doi:10.1038/ng1089. PMID 12610534. S2CID 17270515.
Chandler VL (February 2007). "Paramutation: from maize to mice". Cell. 128 (4): 641–645. Bibcode:2007Cell..128..641C. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.007. PMID 17320501. S2CID 6928707.
Freisinger E, Grollman AP, Miller H, Kisker C (April 2004). "Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity". The EMBO Journal. 23 (7): 1494–1505. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158. PMC 391067. PMID 15057282.
Cadet J, Wagner JR (February 2013). "DNA base damage by reactive oxygen species, oxidizing agents, and UV radiation". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 5 (2) a012559. Bibcode:2013CSHPB...512559C. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012559. PMC 3552502. PMID 23378590.
Jena NR (July 2012). "DNA damage by reactive species: Mechanisms, mutation and repair". Journal of Biosciences. 37 (3): 503–517. Bibcode:2012JBios..37..503J. doi:10.1007/s12038-012-9218-2. PMID 22750987. S2CID 14837181.
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z, Hartl DL (April 2007). "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (16): 6504–6510. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6504S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701572104. PMC 1871816. PMID 17409186.
Gillespie JH (November 2001). "Is the population size of a species relevant to its evolution?". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 55 (11): 2161–2169. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00732.x. PMID 11794777. S2CID 221735887.
Gavrilets S (October 2003). "Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 57 (10): 2197–2215. Bibcode:2003Evolu..57.2197G. doi:10.1554/02-727. PMID 14628909. S2CID 198158082.
Wolf YI, Rogozin IB, Grishin NV, Koonin EV (September 2002). "Genome trees and the tree of life". Trends in Genetics. 18 (9): 472–479. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(02)02744-0. PMID 12175808.
Uffelmann E, Huang QQ, Munung NS, de Vries J, Okada Y, Martin AR, et al. (26 August 2021). "Genome-wide association studies". Nature Reviews Methods Primers. 1 (1) 59: 1–21. doi:10.1038/s43586-021-00056-9. hdl:1871.1/66fb93bd-20f0-498c-923a-88626cbba8c8. ISSN 2662-8449.
Frank SA (October 2004). "Genetic predisposition to cancer - insights from population genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 5 (10): 764–772. doi:10.1038/nrg1450. PMID 15510167. S2CID 6049662.
Timms JF, Cramer R (December 2008). "Difference gel electrophoresis". Proteomics. 8 (23–24): 4886–4897. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800298. ISSN 1615-9853. PMID 19003860.
Keefer CL (July 2015). "Artificial cloning of domestic animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (29): 8874–8878. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.8874K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1501718112. PMC 4517265. PMID 26195770.
Chang D, Tram K, Li B, Feng Q, Shen Z, Lee CH, et al. (8 June 2017). "Detection of DNA Amplicons of Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Litmus Test". Scientific Reports. 7 (3110): 3110. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.3110C. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03009-z. PMC 5465217. PMID 28596600.
Garibyan L, Nidhi (March 2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133 (3): 1–4. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.1. PMC 4102308. PMID 23399825. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Service RF (March 2006). "Gene sequencing. The race for the $1000 genome". Science. 311 (5767): 1544–1546. doi:10.1126/science.311.5767.1544. PMID 16543431. S2CID 23411598.
Hall N (May 2007). "Advanced sequencing technologies and their wider impact in microbiology". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 210 (Pt 9): 1518–1525. Bibcode:2007JExpB.210.1518H. doi:10.1242/jeb.001370. PMID 17449817.
Church GM (January 2006). "Genomes for all". Scientific American. 294 (1): 46–54. Bibcode:2006SciAm.294a..46C. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0106-46. PMID 16468433. S2CID 28769137.(subscription required)
Baltimore D, Berg P, Botchan M, Carroll D, Charo RA, Church G, et al. (April 2015). "Biotechnology. A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification". Science. 348 (6230): 36–38. Bibcode:2015Sci...348...36B. doi:10.1126/science.aab1028. PMC 4394183. PMID 25791083.
Lanphier E, Urnov F, Haecker SE, Werner M, Smolenski J (March 2015). "Don't edit the human germ line". Nature. 519 (7544): 410–411. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..410L. doi:10.1038/519410a. PMID 25810189.
Liang P, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ding C, Huang R, Zhang Z, et al. (May 2015). "CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes". Protein & Cell. 6 (5): 363–372. doi:10.1007/s13238-015-0153-5. PMC 4417674. PMID 25894090.

eb.com (Global: 7,260^th place; English: 9,121^st place)

search.eb.com

Lamarck, J-B (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Archived 14 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine on 16 March 2008.

esp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sturtevant AH (1913). "The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown by their mode of association" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 14 (1): 43–59. Bibcode:1913JEZ....14...43S. doi:10.1002/jez.1400140104. S2CID 82583173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

"Genetic". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2012.

genome.gov (Global: 8,866^th place; English: low place)

"Histone". Genome.gov. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
"Haploid". www.genome.gov. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Szabó AT, Poczai P (June 2019). "The emergence of genetics from Festetics' sheep through Mendel's peas to Bateson's chickens". Journal of Genetics. 98 (2) 63. doi:10.1007/s12041-019-1108-z. hdl:10138/324962. PMID 31204695. S2CID 174803150.
Uffelmann E, Huang QQ, Munung NS, de Vries J, Okada Y, Martin AR, et al. (26 August 2021). "Genome-wide association studies". Nature Reviews Methods Primers. 1 (1) 59: 1–21. doi:10.1038/s43586-021-00056-9. hdl:1871.1/66fb93bd-20f0-498c-923a-88626cbba8c8. ISSN 2662-8449.

jic.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bateson W. "Letter from William Bateson to Alan Sedgwick in 1905". The John Innes Centre. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2008. The letter was to an Adam Sedgwick, a zoologist and "Reader in Animal Morphology" at Trinity College, Cambridge

jidonline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Garibyan L, Nidhi (March 2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133 (3): 1–4. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.1. PMC 4102308. PMID 23399825. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

khanacademy.org (Global: 6,031^st place; English: 5,284^th place)

"Probabilities in genetics (article)". Khan Academy. Retrieved 28 September 2022.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

webarchive.loc.gov

"Genetikos (γενετ-ικός)". Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived from the original on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
"Genesis (γένεσις)". Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived from the original on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2012.

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521^st place; English: 1,017^th place)

"MedlinePlus: Phenylketonuria". NIH: National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.

mendelweb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Blumberg RB. "Mendel's Paper in English". Archived from the original on 13 January 2016.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"clone". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 13 November 2023.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Richmond ML (November 2007). "Opportunities for women in early genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 8 (11): 897–902. doi:10.1038/nrg2200. PMID 17893692. S2CID 21992183. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
"Nettie Stevens: A Discoverer of Sex Chromosomes". Scitable. Nature Education. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
Watson JD, Crick FH (April 1953). "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737–738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. S2CID 4253007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2007.
Watson JD, Crick FH (May 1953). "Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4361): 964–967. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..964W. doi:10.1038/171964b0. PMID 13063483. S2CID 4256010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2003.
Crick F (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology" (PDF). Nature. 227 (5258): 561–563. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914. S2CID 4164029. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2006.
Uffelmann E, Huang QQ, Munung NS, de Vries J, Okada Y, Martin AR, et al. (26 August 2021). "Genome-wide association studies". Nature Reviews Methods Primers. 1 (1) 59: 1–21. doi:10.1038/s43586-021-00056-9. hdl:1871.1/66fb93bd-20f0-498c-923a-88626cbba8c8. ISSN 2662-8449.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (July 2022). "Themes of Biological Inheritance in Early Nineteenth Century Sheep Breeding as Revealed by J. M. Ehrenfels". Genes. 13 (8): 1311. doi:10.3390/genes13081311. PMC 9332421. PMID 35893050.
Weiling F (July 1991). "Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel 1822-1884". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 40 (1): 1–25, discussion 26. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320400103. PMID 1887835.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (October 2021). "Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel". Biology Direct. 16 (1) 19. doi:10.1186/s13062-021-00308-4. PMC 8532317. PMID 34674746. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Szabó AT, Poczai P (June 2019). "The emergence of genetics from Festetics' sheep through Mendel's peas to Bateson's chickens". Journal of Genetics. 98 (2) 63. doi:10.1007/s12041-019-1108-z. hdl:10138/324962. PMID 31204695. S2CID 174803150.
Poczai P, Bell N, Hyvönen J (January 2014). "Imre Festetics and the Sheep Breeders' Society of Moravia: Mendel's Forgotten "Research Network"". PLOS Biology. 12 (1) e1001772. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001772. PMC 3897355. PMID 24465180.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA, Sekerák J, Bariska I, Szabó AT (October 2022). "Mimush Sheep and the Spectre of Inbreeding: Historical Background for Festetics's Organic and Genetic Laws Four Decades Before Mendel's Experiments in Peas". Journal of the History of Biology. 55 (3): 495–536. doi:10.1007/s10739-022-09678-5. PMC 9668798. PMID 35670984. S2CID 249433049.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (2022). "Chip Off the Old Block: Generation, Development, and Ancestral Concepts of Heredity". Frontiers in Genetics. 13 814436. doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.814436. PMC 8959437. PMID 35356423.
Richmond ML (November 2007). "Opportunities for women in early genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 8 (11): 897–902. doi:10.1038/nrg2200. PMID 17893692. S2CID 21992183. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
Avery OT, Macleod CM, McCarty M (February 1944). "Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 79 (2): 137–158. doi:10.1084/jem.79.2.137. PMC 2135445. PMID 19871359. Reprint: Avery OT, MacLeod CM, McCarty M (February 1979). "Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Inductions of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 149 (2): 297–326. doi:10.1084/jem.149.2.297. PMC 2184805. PMID 33226.
Hershey AD, Chase M (May 1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". The Journal of General Physiology. 36 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1085/jgp.36.1.39. PMC 2147348. PMID 12981234.
Watson JD, Crick FH (April 1953). "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737–738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. S2CID 4253007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2007.
Watson JD, Crick FH (May 1953). "Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4361): 964–967. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..964W. doi:10.1038/171964b0. PMID 13063483. S2CID 4256010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2003.
Stratmann SA, van Oijen AM (February 2014). "DNA replication at the single-molecule level" (PDF). Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (4): 1201–1220. doi:10.1039/c3cs60391a. PMID 24395040. S2CID 205856075. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2017.
Ohta T (November 1973). "Slightly deleterious mutant substitutions in evolution". Nature. 246 (5428): 96–98. Bibcode:1973Natur.246...96O. doi:10.1038/246096a0. PMID 4585855. S2CID 4226804.
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (December 1977). "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (12): 5463–5467. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.5463S. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. PMC 431765. PMID 271968.
Saiki RK, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis KB, Horn GT, Erlich HA, et al. (December 1985). "Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia". Science. 230 (4732): 1350–1354. Bibcode:1985Sci...230.1350S. doi:10.1126/science.2999980. PMID 2999980.
Mayeux R (June 2005). "Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (6): 1404–1407. doi:10.1172/JCI25421. PMC 1137013. PMID 15931374.
Luke A, Guo X, Adeyemo AA, Wilks R, Forrester T, Lowe W, et al. (July 2001). "Heritability of obesity-related traits among Nigerians, Jamaicans and US black people". International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. 25 (7): 1034–1041. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801650. PMID 11443503.
Pearson H (May 2006). "Genetics: what is a gene?". Nature. 441 (7092): 398–401. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..398P. doi:10.1038/441398a. PMID 16724031. S2CID 4420674.
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, et al. (May 2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315–321. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..315G. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.
Rastan S (February 2015). "Mary F. Lyon (1925-2014)". Nature. 518 (7537). Springer Nature Limited: 36. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...36R. doi:10.1038/518036a. PMID 25652989. S2CID 4405984.
Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (January 2018). "Sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 57: 8–25. Bibcode:2018InfGE..57....8B. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.024. PMID 29111273.
Creighton HB, McClintock B (August 1931). "A Correlation of Cytological and Genetical Crossing-Over in Zea Mays". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 17 (8): 492–497. Bibcode:1931PNAS...17..492C. doi:10.1073/pnas.17.8.492. PMC 1076098. PMID 16587654.
Crick F (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology" (PDF). Nature. 227 (5258): 561–563. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914. S2CID 4164029. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2006.
Elendu C, Amaechi DC, Alakwe-Ojimba CE, Elendu TC, Elendu RC, Ayabazu CP, et al. (22 September 2023). "Understanding Sickle cell disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment options". Medicine. 102 (38) e35237. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035237. ISSN 0025-7974. PMC 10519513. PMID 37746969.
Marques TM, Gama-Carvalho M (19 February 2022). "Network Approaches to Study Endogenous RNA Competition and Its Impact on Tissue-Specific microRNA Functions". Biomolecules. 12 (2): 332. doi:10.3390/biom12020332. ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 8868585. PMID 35204832.
Imes DL, Geary LA, Grahn RA, Lyons LA (April 2006). "Albinism in the domestic cat (Felis catus) is associated with a tyrosinase (TYR) mutation". Animal Genetics. 37 (2): 175–178. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01409.x. PMC 1464423. PMID 16573534.
Brivanlou AH, Darnell JE (February 2002). "Signal transduction and the control of gene expression". Science. 295 (5556): 813–818. Bibcode:2002Sci...295..813B. doi:10.1126/science.1066355. PMID 11823631. S2CID 14954195.
Jaenisch R, Bird A (March 2003). "Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals". Nature Genetics. 33 (Suppl): 245–254. doi:10.1038/ng1089. PMID 12610534. S2CID 17270515.
Chandler VL (February 2007). "Paramutation: from maize to mice". Cell. 128 (4): 641–645. Bibcode:2007Cell..128..641C. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.007. PMID 17320501. S2CID 6928707.
Freisinger E, Grollman AP, Miller H, Kisker C (April 2004). "Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity". The EMBO Journal. 23 (7): 1494–1505. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158. PMC 391067. PMID 15057282.
Cadet J, Wagner JR (February 2013). "DNA base damage by reactive oxygen species, oxidizing agents, and UV radiation". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 5 (2) a012559. Bibcode:2013CSHPB...512559C. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012559. PMC 3552502. PMID 23378590.
Jena NR (July 2012). "DNA damage by reactive species: Mechanisms, mutation and repair". Journal of Biosciences. 37 (3): 503–517. Bibcode:2012JBios..37..503J. doi:10.1007/s12038-012-9218-2. PMID 22750987. S2CID 14837181.
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z, Hartl DL (April 2007). "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (16): 6504–6510. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6504S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701572104. PMC 1871816. PMID 17409186.
Gillespie JH (November 2001). "Is the population size of a species relevant to its evolution?". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 55 (11): 2161–2169. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00732.x. PMID 11794777. S2CID 221735887.
Gavrilets S (October 2003). "Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 57 (10): 2197–2215. Bibcode:2003Evolu..57.2197G. doi:10.1554/02-727. PMID 14628909. S2CID 198158082.
Wolf YI, Rogozin IB, Grishin NV, Koonin EV (September 2002). "Genome trees and the tree of life". Trends in Genetics. 18 (9): 472–479. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(02)02744-0. PMID 12175808.
Frank SA (October 2004). "Genetic predisposition to cancer - insights from population genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 5 (10): 764–772. doi:10.1038/nrg1450. PMID 15510167. S2CID 6049662.
Timms JF, Cramer R (December 2008). "Difference gel electrophoresis". Proteomics. 8 (23–24): 4886–4897. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800298. ISSN 1615-9853. PMID 19003860.
Keefer CL (July 2015). "Artificial cloning of domestic animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (29): 8874–8878. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.8874K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1501718112. PMC 4517265. PMID 26195770.
Chang D, Tram K, Li B, Feng Q, Shen Z, Lee CH, et al. (8 June 2017). "Detection of DNA Amplicons of Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Litmus Test". Scientific Reports. 7 (3110): 3110. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.3110C. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03009-z. PMC 5465217. PMID 28596600.
Garibyan L, Nidhi (March 2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133 (3): 1–4. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.1. PMC 4102308. PMID 23399825. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Service RF (March 2006). "Gene sequencing. The race for the $1000 genome". Science. 311 (5767): 1544–1546. doi:10.1126/science.311.5767.1544. PMID 16543431. S2CID 23411598.
Hall N (May 2007). "Advanced sequencing technologies and their wider impact in microbiology". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 210 (Pt 9): 1518–1525. Bibcode:2007JExpB.210.1518H. doi:10.1242/jeb.001370. PMID 17449817.
Church GM (January 2006). "Genomes for all". Scientific American. 294 (1): 46–54. Bibcode:2006SciAm.294a..46C. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0106-46. PMID 16468433. S2CID 28769137.(subscription required)
Baltimore D, Berg P, Botchan M, Carroll D, Charo RA, Church G, et al. (April 2015). "Biotechnology. A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification". Science. 348 (6230): 36–38. Bibcode:2015Sci...348...36B. doi:10.1126/science.aab1028. PMC 4394183. PMID 25791083.
Lanphier E, Urnov F, Haecker SE, Werner M, Smolenski J (March 2015). "Don't edit the human germ line". Nature. 519 (7544): 410–411. Bibcode:2015Natur.519..410L. doi:10.1038/519410a. PMID 25810189.
Liang P, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ding C, Huang R, Zhang Z, et al. (May 2015). "CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes". Protein & Cell. 6 (5): 363–372. doi:10.1007/s13238-015-0153-5. PMC 4417674. PMID 25894090.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (July 2022). "Themes of Biological Inheritance in Early Nineteenth Century Sheep Breeding as Revealed by J. M. Ehrenfels". Genes. 13 (8): 1311. doi:10.3390/genes13081311. PMC 9332421. PMID 35893050.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (October 2021). "Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel". Biology Direct. 16 (1) 19. doi:10.1186/s13062-021-00308-4. PMC 8532317. PMID 34674746. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Poczai P, Bell N, Hyvönen J (January 2014). "Imre Festetics and the Sheep Breeders' Society of Moravia: Mendel's Forgotten "Research Network"". PLOS Biology. 12 (1) e1001772. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001772. PMC 3897355. PMID 24465180.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA, Sekerák J, Bariska I, Szabó AT (October 2022). "Mimush Sheep and the Spectre of Inbreeding: Historical Background for Festetics's Organic and Genetic Laws Four Decades Before Mendel's Experiments in Peas". Journal of the History of Biology. 55 (3): 495–536. doi:10.1007/s10739-022-09678-5. PMC 9668798. PMID 35670984. S2CID 249433049.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (2022). "Chip Off the Old Block: Generation, Development, and Ancestral Concepts of Heredity". Frontiers in Genetics. 13 814436. doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.814436. PMC 8959437. PMID 35356423.
Avery OT, Macleod CM, McCarty M (February 1944). "Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 79 (2): 137–158. doi:10.1084/jem.79.2.137. PMC 2135445. PMID 19871359. Reprint: Avery OT, MacLeod CM, McCarty M (February 1979). "Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Inductions of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 149 (2): 297–326. doi:10.1084/jem.149.2.297. PMC 2184805. PMID 33226.
Hershey AD, Chase M (May 1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". The Journal of General Physiology. 36 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1085/jgp.36.1.39. PMC 2147348. PMID 12981234.
Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (December 1977). "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (12): 5463–5467. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.5463S. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. PMC 431765. PMID 271968.
Mayeux R (June 2005). "Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (6): 1404–1407. doi:10.1172/JCI25421. PMC 1137013. PMID 15931374.
Alberts et al. (2002), II.4. DNA and chromosomes: Chromosomal DNA and Its Packaging in the Chromatin Fiber
Creighton HB, McClintock B (August 1931). "A Correlation of Cytological and Genetical Crossing-Over in Zea Mays". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 17 (8): 492–497. Bibcode:1931PNAS...17..492C. doi:10.1073/pnas.17.8.492. PMC 1076098. PMID 16587654.
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L, Clarke ND (2002). "I. 5. DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information: Amino Acids Are Encoded by Groups of Three Bases Starting from a Fixed Point". Biochemistry (5th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. Archived from the original on 11 April 2006.
Alberts et al. (2002), I.3. Proteins: The Shape and Structure of Proteins
Alberts et al. (2002), I.3. Proteins: Protein Function
Elendu C, Amaechi DC, Alakwe-Ojimba CE, Elendu TC, Elendu RC, Ayabazu CP, et al. (22 September 2023). "Understanding Sickle cell disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment options". Medicine. 102 (38) e35237. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035237. ISSN 0025-7974. PMC 10519513. PMID 37746969.
Marques TM, Gama-Carvalho M (19 February 2022). "Network Approaches to Study Endogenous RNA Competition and Its Impact on Tissue-Specific microRNA Functions". Biomolecules. 12 (2): 332. doi:10.3390/biom12020332. ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 8868585. PMID 35204832.
Imes DL, Geary LA, Grahn RA, Lyons LA (April 2006). "Albinism in the domestic cat (Felis catus) is associated with a tyrosinase (TYR) mutation". Animal Genetics. 37 (2): 175–178. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01409.x. PMC 1464423. PMID 16573534.
Alberts et al. (2002), II.3. Control of Gene Expression – The Tryptophan Repressor is a Simple Switch That Turns Genes On and Off in Bacteria
Freisinger E, Grollman AP, Miller H, Kisker C (April 2004). "Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity". The EMBO Journal. 23 (7): 1494–1505. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158. PMC 391067. PMID 15057282.
Cadet J, Wagner JR (February 2013). "DNA base damage by reactive oxygen species, oxidizing agents, and UV radiation". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 5 (2) a012559. Bibcode:2013CSHPB...512559C. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012559. PMC 3552502. PMID 23378590.
Sawyer SA, Parsch J, Zhang Z, Hartl DL (April 2007). "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (16): 6504–6510. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.6504S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701572104. PMC 1871816. PMID 17409186.
"NCBI: Genes and Disease". NIH: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 1998. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
Strachan T, Read AP (1999). Human Molecular Genetics 2 (second ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc. Chapter 18: Cancer Genetics Archived 26 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
Lodish et al. (2000), Chapter 7: 7.1. DNA Cloning with Plasmid Vectors Archived 27 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Keefer CL (July 2015). "Artificial cloning of domestic animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (29): 8874–8878. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.8874K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1501718112. PMC 4517265. PMID 26195770.
Chang D, Tram K, Li B, Feng Q, Shen Z, Lee CH, et al. (8 June 2017). "Detection of DNA Amplicons of Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Litmus Test". Scientific Reports. 7 (3110): 3110. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.3110C. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03009-z. PMC 5465217. PMID 28596600.
Garibyan L, Nidhi (March 2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133 (3): 1–4. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.1. PMC 4102308. PMID 23399825. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Brown TA (2002). "Section 2, Chapter 6". Genomes 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford: Bios. ISBN 978-1-85996-228-2.
Baltimore D, Berg P, Botchan M, Carroll D, Charo RA, Church G, et al. (April 2015). "Biotechnology. A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification". Science. 348 (6230): 36–38. Bibcode:2015Sci...348...36B. doi:10.1126/science.aab1028. PMC 4394183. PMID 25791083.
Liang P, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ding C, Huang R, Zhang Z, et al. (May 2015). "CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes". Protein & Cell. 6 (5): 363–372. doi:10.1007/s13238-015-0153-5. PMC 4417674. PMID 25894090.

nigms.nih.gov

"Pharmacogenetics Fact Sheet". NIH: National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Wade N (19 March 2015). "Scientists Seek Ban on Method of Editing the Human Genome". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Pollack A (3 March 2015). "A Powerful New Way to Edit DNA". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Kolata G (23 April 2015). "Chinese Scientists Edit Genes of Human Embryos, Raising Concerns". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.

ornl.gov (Global: 7,319^th place; English: 5,574^th place)

"Human Genome Project Information". Human Genome Project. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.

pearson.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

plus.pearson.com

Urry L, Cain M, Wasserman S, Minorsky P, Reece J, Campbell N. "Campbell Biology". plus.pearson.com. Retrieved 28 September 2022.

rcsb.org (Global: low place; English: 8,697^th place)

pdb101.rcsb.org

Dutta S, Goodsell D. "PDB101: Molecule of the Month: Hemoglobin". RCSB: PDB-101. Retrieved 31 July 2025.

rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

pure.rug.nl

Stratmann SA, van Oijen AM (February 2014). "DNA replication at the single-molecule level" (PDF). Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (4): 1201–1220. doi:10.1039/c3cs60391a. PMID 24395040. S2CID 205856075. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Szabó AT, Poczai P (June 2019). "The emergence of genetics from Festetics' sheep through Mendel's peas to Bateson's chickens". Journal of Genetics. 98 (2) 63. doi:10.1007/s12041-019-1108-z. hdl:10138/324962. PMID 31204695. S2CID 174803150.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA, Sekerák J, Bariska I, Szabó AT (October 2022). "Mimush Sheep and the Spectre of Inbreeding: Historical Background for Festetics's Organic and Genetic Laws Four Decades Before Mendel's Experiments in Peas". Journal of the History of Biology. 55 (3): 495–536. doi:10.1007/s10739-022-09678-5. PMC 9668798. PMID 35670984. S2CID 249433049.
Richmond ML (November 2007). "Opportunities for women in early genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 8 (11): 897–902. doi:10.1038/nrg2200. PMID 17893692. S2CID 21992183. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
Sturtevant AH (1913). "The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown by their mode of association" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 14 (1): 43–59. Bibcode:1913JEZ....14...43S. doi:10.1002/jez.1400140104. S2CID 82583173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008.
Watson JD, Crick FH (April 1953). "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737–738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. S2CID 4253007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2007.
Watson JD, Crick FH (May 1953). "Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4361): 964–967. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..964W. doi:10.1038/171964b0. PMID 13063483. S2CID 4256010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2003.
Stratmann SA, van Oijen AM (February 2014). "DNA replication at the single-molecule level" (PDF). Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (4): 1201–1220. doi:10.1039/c3cs60391a. PMID 24395040. S2CID 205856075. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2017.
Ohta T (November 1973). "Slightly deleterious mutant substitutions in evolution". Nature. 246 (5428): 96–98. Bibcode:1973Natur.246...96O. doi:10.1038/246096a0. PMID 4585855. S2CID 4226804.
Müller-Wille S, Parolini G (9 December 2020). "Punnett squares and hybrid crosses: how Mendelians learned their trade by the book". Learning by the Book: Manuals and Handbooks in the History of Science. BJHS Themes. Vol. 5. British Society for the History of Science / Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–165. doi:10.1017/bjt.2020.12. S2CID 229344415. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
Pearson H (May 2006). "Genetics: what is a gene?". Nature. 441 (7092): 398–401. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..398P. doi:10.1038/441398a. PMID 16724031. S2CID 4420674.
Rastan S (February 2015). "Mary F. Lyon (1925-2014)". Nature. 518 (7537). Springer Nature Limited: 36. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...36R. doi:10.1038/518036a. PMID 25652989. S2CID 4405984.
Crick F (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology" (PDF). Nature. 227 (5258): 561–563. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914. S2CID 4164029. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2006.
Brivanlou AH, Darnell JE (February 2002). "Signal transduction and the control of gene expression". Science. 295 (5556): 813–818. Bibcode:2002Sci...295..813B. doi:10.1126/science.1066355. PMID 11823631. S2CID 14954195.
Jaenisch R, Bird A (March 2003). "Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals". Nature Genetics. 33 (Suppl): 245–254. doi:10.1038/ng1089. PMID 12610534. S2CID 17270515.
Chandler VL (February 2007). "Paramutation: from maize to mice". Cell. 128 (4): 641–645. Bibcode:2007Cell..128..641C. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.007. PMID 17320501. S2CID 6928707.
Jena NR (July 2012). "DNA damage by reactive species: Mechanisms, mutation and repair". Journal of Biosciences. 37 (3): 503–517. Bibcode:2012JBios..37..503J. doi:10.1007/s12038-012-9218-2. PMID 22750987. S2CID 14837181.
Gillespie JH (November 2001). "Is the population size of a species relevant to its evolution?". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 55 (11): 2161–2169. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00732.x. PMID 11794777. S2CID 221735887.
Gavrilets S (October 2003). "Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 57 (10): 2197–2215. Bibcode:2003Evolu..57.2197G. doi:10.1554/02-727. PMID 14628909. S2CID 198158082.
Frank SA (October 2004). "Genetic predisposition to cancer - insights from population genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 5 (10): 764–772. doi:10.1038/nrg1450. PMID 15510167. S2CID 6049662.
Service RF (March 2006). "Gene sequencing. The race for the $1000 genome". Science. 311 (5767): 1544–1546. doi:10.1126/science.311.5767.1544. PMID 16543431. S2CID 23411598.
Church GM (January 2006). "Genomes for all". Scientific American. 294 (1): 46–54. Bibcode:2006SciAm.294a..46C. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0106-46. PMID 16468433. S2CID 28769137.(subscription required)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

"Genetikos (γενετ-ικός)". Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived from the original on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
"Genesis (γένεσις)". Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived from the original on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2012.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Genetic". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
Poczai P, Santiago-Blay JA (October 2021). "Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel". Biology Direct. 16 (1) 19. doi:10.1186/s13062-021-00308-4. PMC 8532317. PMID 34674746. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 16 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
Lamarck, J-B (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Archived 14 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine on 16 March 2008.
Blumberg RB. "Mendel's Paper in English". Archived from the original on 13 January 2016.
Bateson W. "Letter from William Bateson to Alan Sedgwick in 1905". The John Innes Centre. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2008. The letter was to an Adam Sedgwick, a zoologist and "Reader in Animal Morphology" at Trinity College, Cambridge
Richmond ML (November 2007). "Opportunities for women in early genetics". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 8 (11): 897–902. doi:10.1038/nrg2200. PMID 17893692. S2CID 21992183. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.
Sturtevant AH (1913). "The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown by their mode of association" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 14 (1): 43–59. Bibcode:1913JEZ....14...43S. doi:10.1002/jez.1400140104. S2CID 82583173. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2008.
Watson JD, Crick FH (April 1953). "Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4356): 737–738. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..737W. doi:10.1038/171737a0. PMID 13054692. S2CID 4253007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2007.
Watson JD, Crick FH (May 1953). "Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid" (PDF). Nature. 171 (4361): 964–967. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..964W. doi:10.1038/171964b0. PMID 13063483. S2CID 4256010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2003.
Stratmann SA, van Oijen AM (February 2014). "DNA replication at the single-molecule level" (PDF). Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (4): 1201–1220. doi:10.1039/c3cs60391a. PMID 24395040. S2CID 205856075. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2017.
"Human Genome Project Information". Human Genome Project. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
Cheney RW. "Genetic Notation". Christopher Newport University. Archived from the original on 3 January 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2008.
Müller-Wille S, Parolini G (9 December 2020). "Punnett squares and hybrid crosses: how Mendelians learned their trade by the book". Learning by the Book: Manuals and Handbooks in the History of Science. BJHS Themes. Vol. 5. British Society for the History of Science / Cambridge University Press. pp. 149–165. doi:10.1017/bjt.2020.12. S2CID 229344415. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L, Clarke ND (2002). "I. 5. DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information: Amino Acids Are Encoded by Groups of Three Bases Starting from a Fixed Point". Biochemistry (5th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. Archived from the original on 11 April 2006.
Crick F (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology" (PDF). Nature. 227 (5258): 561–563. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914. S2CID 4164029. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2006.
"How Does Sickle Cell Cause Disease?". Brigham and Women's Hospital: Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders. 11 April 2002. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2007.
"MedlinePlus: Phenylketonuria". NIH: National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
"The Use of Model Organisms in Instruction". University of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Outreach Research Modules. Archived from the original on 13 March 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
"NCBI: Genes and Disease". NIH: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 1998. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
"Pharmacogenetics Fact Sheet". NIH: National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.
Strachan T, Read AP (1999). Human Molecular Genetics 2 (second ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc. Chapter 18: Cancer Genetics Archived 26 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
Lodish et al. (2000), Chapter 7: 7.1. DNA Cloning with Plasmid Vectors Archived 27 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
Wade N (19 March 2015). "Scientists Seek Ban on Method of Editing the Human Genome". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Pollack A (3 March 2015). "A Powerful New Way to Edit DNA". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Kolata G (23 April 2015). "Chinese Scientists Edit Genes of Human Embryos, Raising Concerns". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

archive.wikiwix.com

Darwin C (1859). On the Origin of Species. London: John Murray. p. 1. Archived from the original on 12 December 2006.
Earlier related ideas were acknowledged in Darwin C (1861). On the Origin of Species (3rd ed.). London: John Murray. xiii. Archived from the original on 23 February 2011.

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Timms JF, Cramer R (December 2008). "Difference gel electrophoresis". Proteomics. 8 (23–24): 4886–4897. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800298. ISSN 1615-9853. PMID 19003860.

wisc.edu (Global: 891^st place; English: 533^rd place)

loci.wisc.edu

"The Use of Model Organisms in Instruction". University of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Outreach Research Modules. Archived from the original on 13 March 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2008.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Elendu C, Amaechi DC, Alakwe-Ojimba CE, Elendu TC, Elendu RC, Ayabazu CP, et al. (22 September 2023). "Understanding Sickle cell disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment options". Medicine. 102 (38) e35237. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000035237. ISSN 0025-7974. PMC 10519513. PMID 37746969.
Marques TM, Gama-Carvalho M (19 February 2022). "Network Approaches to Study Endogenous RNA Competition and Its Impact on Tissue-Specific microRNA Functions". Biomolecules. 12 (2): 332. doi:10.3390/biom12020332. ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 8868585. PMID 35204832.
Uffelmann E, Huang QQ, Munung NS, de Vries J, Okada Y, Martin AR, et al. (26 August 2021). "Genome-wide association studies". Nature Reviews Methods Primers. 1 (1) 59: 1–21. doi:10.1038/s43586-021-00056-9. hdl:1871.1/66fb93bd-20f0-498c-923a-88626cbba8c8. ISSN 2662-8449.
Timms JF, Cramer R (December 2008). "Difference gel electrophoresis". Proteomics. 8 (23–24): 4886–4897. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800298. ISSN 1615-9853. PMID 19003860.

Genetics (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

bwh.harvard.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

sickle.bwh.harvard.edu

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

cnu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

faculty.users.cnu.edu

creativecommons.org (Global: 580th place; English: 287th place)

darwin-online.org.uk (Global: 3,419th place; English: 2,737th place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672nd place; English: 1,248th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eb.com (Global: 7,260th place; English: 9,121st place)

search.eb.com

esp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669th place; English: 670th place)

genome.gov (Global: 8,866th place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

jic.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

jidonline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

khanacademy.org (Global: 6,031st place; English: 5,284th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)

webarchive.loc.gov

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521st place; English: 1,017th place)

mendelweb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; English: 373rd place)

nature.com (Global: 207th place; English: 347th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nigms.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

ornl.gov (Global: 7,319th place; English: 5,574th place)

pearson.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

plus.pearson.com

rcsb.org (Global: low place; English: 8,697th place)

pdb101.rcsb.org

rug.nl (Global: 2,629th place; English: 1,971st place)

pure.rug.nl

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

tufts.edu (Global: 192nd place; English: 165th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wikiwix.com (Global: 103rd place; English: 872nd place)

archive.wikiwix.com

wiley.com (Global: 150th place; English: 174th place)

analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

wisc.edu (Global: 891st place; English: 533rd place)

loci.wisc.edu

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

darwin-online.org.uk (Global: 3,419^th place; English: 2,737^th place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eb.com (Global: 7,260^th place; English: 9,121^st place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

genome.gov (Global: 8,866^th place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

khanacademy.org (Global: 6,031^st place; English: 5,284^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

medlineplus.gov (Global: 1,521^st place; English: 1,017^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ornl.gov (Global: 7,319^th place; English: 5,574^th place)

rcsb.org (Global: low place; English: 8,697^th place)

rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

wisc.edu (Global: 891^st place; English: 533^rd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)