Geographical feature (English Wikipedia)

Mennis, Jeremy; Peuquet, Donna J.; Qian, L. (2000). "A geographical database representation". International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 14 (6): 501–520. doi:10.1080/136588100415710. S2CID 7458359.
Plewe, Brandon (2019). "A Case for Geographic Masses". In Timpf, S.; Schlieder, C.; Kattenbeck, M.; Ludwig, B.; Stewart, K. (eds.). 14th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs). Vol. 142. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik. pp. 14:1–14. doi:10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2019.14. ISBN 9783959771153.
Fegeas, Robin G.; Cascio, Janette L.; Lazar, Robert A. (1992). "An Overview of FIPS 173, The Spatial Data Transfer Standard". Cartography and Geographic Information Systems. 19 (5): 278–293. Bibcode:1992CGISy..19..278F. doi:10.1559/152304092783762209.
There has been some metaphysical debate over whether such features are "real", independent of the human mind (a realist stance), whether they are purely human conceptualizations of continuous natural phenomena (a constructivist stance), or a hybrid of discrete natural phenomena that highly motivate, but are simplified by human concepts (a experientialist stance). It is also possible that individual features may be of any of these three types. Frank, Andrew U. (2003). "Ontology for Spatio-Temporal Databases". In Sellis, Timos (ed.). Spatio-Temporal Databases: The Chorochronos Approach. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. V.2520. Springer-Verlag. pp. 9–77. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-45081-8_2. ISBN 978-3-540-40552-8.
Peuquet, Donna J. (1994). "It's about time: a conceptual framework for the representation of temporal dynamics in geographic information systems". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 84 (3): 441–461. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1994.tb01869.x.
Mark, David M.; Smith, Barry; Tversky, Barbara (1999). "Ontology and Geographic Objects: an empirical study of cognitive categorization". In Freksa, Christian; Mark, Davis M. (eds.). Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS (COSIT '99), Lecture Notes in Computer Science #1661. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 283–298. doi:10.1007/3-540-48384-5_19. ISBN 978-3-540-48384-7.
Hornsby, Kathleen; Egenhofer, Max J. (2000). "Identity-based change: a foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation". International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 14 (3): 207–224. Bibcode:2000IJGIS..14..207H. doi:10.1080/136588100240813. S2CID 52861923.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Fegeas, Robin G.; Cascio, Janette L.; Lazar, Robert A. (1992). "An Overview of FIPS 173, The Spatial Data Transfer Standard". Cartography and Geographic Information Systems. 19 (5): 278–293. Bibcode:1992CGISy..19..278F. doi:10.1559/152304092783762209.
Hornsby, Kathleen; Egenhofer, Max J. (2000). "Identity-based change: a foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation". International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 14 (3): 207–224. Bibcode:2000IJGIS..14..207H. doi:10.1080/136588100240813. S2CID 52861923.

iso.org

International Standards Organization. "ISO 19101-1:2014, Geographic Information-Reference Model-Part 1: Fundamentals". ISO Standards.

medieval-settlement.com

"MSRG Policy Statement". Medieval-Settlement.com. Medieval Settlement Research Group. 2014-05-11. Retrieved 13 September 2015.

ogc.org

Open Geospatial Consortium. "Simple Feature Access - Part 1: Common Architecture". OGC Standards.

philarchive.org

Mark, David M.; Smith, Barry; Tversky, Barbara (1999). "Ontology and Geographic Objects: an empirical study of cognitive categorization". In Freksa, Christian; Mark, Davis M. (eds.). Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS (COSIT '99), Lecture Notes in Computer Science #1661. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 283–298. doi:10.1007/3-540-48384-5_19. ISBN 978-3-540-48384-7.

saylordotorg.github.io

Campbell, Jonathan; Shin, Michael (2011). "3.1 Data and Information". Essentials of Geographic Information Systems. Saylor Foundation. ISBN 9781453321966. Retrieved 5 January 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Mennis, Jeremy; Peuquet, Donna J.; Qian, L. (2000). "A geographical database representation". International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 14 (6): 501–520. doi:10.1080/136588100415710. S2CID 7458359.
Hornsby, Kathleen; Egenhofer, Max J. (2000). "Identity-based change: a foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation". International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 14 (3): 207–224. Bibcode:2000IJGIS..14..207H. doi:10.1080/136588100240813. S2CID 52861923.

spatialanalysisonline.com

de Smith, Michael J.; Goodchild, Michael F.; Longley, Paul A. (2018). "Attributes". Geospatial Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Principles, Techniques, and Software Tools (6th ed.).

ucgis.org

gistbok.ucgis.org

Song, Y. "FC-08 - Time". GIS&T Body of Knowledge. UCGIS. Retrieved 5 January 2023.

utwente.nl

webapps.itc.utwente.nl

Huisman, Otto; de By, Rolf A. (2009). "2.2.4 Geographic objects". Principles of Geographic Information Systems (PDF). Enschede, The Netherlands: ITC. p. 77. ISBN 9789061642695.