Geologic time scale (English Wikipedia)

Playfair, John (1802). Illustrations of the Huttonian theory of the earth. Digitised by London Natural History Museum Library. Edinburgh: Neill & Co.
Holmes, Arthur (1913). The age of the earth. Gerstein - University of Toronto. London, Harper.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Cox, Simon J. D. "SPARQL endpoint for CGI timescale service". Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387^th place; English: 373^rd place)

Smith, William (1 June 1816). Strata identified by organized fossils, containing prints on colored paper of the most characteristic specimens in each stratum. London: W. Arding. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.106808.
Desnoyers, J. (1829). "Observations sur un ensemble de dépôts marins plus récents que les terrains tertiaires du bassin de la Seine, et constituant une formation géologique distincte; précédées d'un aperçu de la nonsimultanéité des bassins tertiares" [Observations on a set of marine deposits [that are] more recent than the tertiary terrains of the Seine basin and [that] constitute a distinct geological formation; preceded by an outline of the non-simultaneity of tertiary basins]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (in French). 16: 171–214, 402–491. From p. 193: "Ce que je désirerais ... dont il faut également les distinguer." (What I would desire to prove above all is that the series of tertiary deposits continued – and even began in the more recent basins – for a long time, perhaps after that of the Seine had been completely filled, and that these later formations – Quaternary (1), so to say – should not retain the name of alluvial deposits any more than the true and ancient tertiary deposits, from which they must also be distinguished.) However, on the very same page, Desnoyers abandoned the use of the term "Quaternary" because the distinction between Quaternary and Tertiary deposits wasn't clear. From p. 193: "La crainte de voir mal comprise ... que ceux du bassin de la Seine." (The fear of seeing my opinion in this regard be misunderstood or exaggerated, has made me abandon the word "quaternary", which at first I had wanted to apply to all deposits more recent than those of the Seine basin.)
Smith, William; Smith, William (1816). Strata identified by organized fossils: containing prints on colored paper of the most characteristic specimens in each stratum. London: Printed by W. Arding ..., and sold by the author ..., J. Sowerby ..., Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, and Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown ..., and by all booksellers. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.106808.

bnf.fr (Global: 124^th place; English: 544^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Brongniart, Alexandre (1770-1847) Auteur du texte (1829). Tableau des terrains qui composent l'écorce du globe ou Essai sur la structure de la partie connue de la terre . Par Alexandre Brongniart,... (in French).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Steno, Nicolaus (1669). Nicolai Stenonis de solido intra solidvm natvraliter contento dissertationis prodromvs ad serenissimvm Ferdinandvm II ... (in Latin). W. Junk.
Lyell, Sir Charles (1832). Principles of Geology: Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes Now in Operation. Vol. 1. London: John Murray.
d'Halloy, d'O., J.-J. (1822). "Observations sur un essai de carte géologique de la France, des Pays-Bas, et des contrées voisines" [Observations on a trial geological map of France, the Low Countries, and neighboring countries]. Annales des Mines. 7: 353–376.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) From page 373: "La troisième, qui correspond à ce qu'on a déja appelé formation de la craie, sera désigné par le nom de terrain crétacé." (The third, which corresponds to what was already called the "chalk formation", will be designated by the name "chalky terrain".)
Humboldt, Alexander von (1799). Ueber die unterirdischen Gasarten und die Mittel ihren Nachtheil zu vermindern: ein Beytrag zur Physik der praktischen Bergbaukunde (in German). Vieweg.
Murchison; Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey; Verneuil; Keyserling, Graf Alexander (1842). On the Geological Structure of the Central and Southern Regions of Russia in Europe, and of the Ural Mountains. Print. by R. and J.E. Taylor.
Phillips, John (1835). Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire: Or, A Description of the Strata and Organic Remains: Accompanied by a Geological Map, Sections and Plates of the Fossil Plants and Animals ... J. Murray.
Sedgwick, A.; Murchison, R. I. (1 January 1840). "XLIII.--On the Physical Structure of Devonshire, and on the Subdivisions and Geological Relations of its older stratified Deposits, &c". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. s2-5 (3): 633–703. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.633. ISSN 2042-5295. S2CID 128475487.
Moro, Anton Lazzaro (1740). De'crostacei e degli altri marini corpi che si truovano su'monti (in Italian). Appresso Stefano Monti.
Lyell, Sir Charles (1832). Principles of Geology: Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes Now in Operation. Vol. 2. London: John Murray.
Lyell, Sir Charles (1834). Principles of Geology: Being an Inquiry how for the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface are Referrable to Causes Now in Operation. Vol. 3. London: John Murray.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"James Hutton | Father of Modern Geology, Scottish Naturalist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 3 December 2024.

bryant.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcommons.bryant.edu

Gannon, Colin (26 April 2013). "Understanding the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum: Evaluation of Deuterium Values (δD) Related to Precipitation and Temperature". Honors Projects in Science and Technology.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Lapworth, Charles (1879). "I.—On the Tripartite Classification of the Lower Palæozoic Rocks". Geological Magazine. 6 (1): 1–15. Bibcode:1879GeoM....6....1L. doi:10.1017/S0016756800156560. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 129165105.
Hutton, James (1788). "X. Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe ". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1 (2): 209–304. doi:10.1017/S0080456800029227. ISSN 0080-4568. S2CID 251578886.
Bleeker, W. (17 March 2005), Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (eds.), "Toward a "natural" Precambrian time scale", A Geologic Time Scale 2004 (1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 141–146, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511536045.011, ISBN 978-0-521-78673-7, retrieved 9 April 2022
Cooper, Roger A.; Sadler, Peter M.; Munnecke, Axel; Crampton, James S. (2014). "Graptoloid evolutionary rates track Ordovician–Silurian global climate change". Geological Magazine. 151 (2): 349–364. Bibcode:2014GeoM..151..349C. doi:10.1017/S0016756813000198. ISSN 0016-7568.

digitalatlasofancientlife.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Geological time scale". Digital Atlas of Ancient Life. Paleontological Research Institution. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094.
Shields, Graham A.; Strachan, Robin A.; Porter, Susannah M.; Halverson, Galen P.; Macdonald, Francis A.; Plumb, Kenneth A.; de Alvarenga, Carlos J.; Banerjee, Dhiraj M.; Bekker, Andrey; Bleeker, Wouter; Brasier, Alexander (2022). "A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale". Journal of the Geological Society. 179 (1): jgs2020–222. Bibcode:2022JGSoc.179..222S. doi:10.1144/jgs2020-222. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 236285974.
Van Kranendonk, Martin J.; Altermann, Wladyslaw; Beard, Brian L.; Hoffman, Paul F.; Johnson, Clark M.; Kasting, James F.; Melezhik, Victor A.; Nutman, Allen P. (2012), "A Chronostratigraphic Division of the Precambrian", The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, pp. 299–392, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00016-0, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, retrieved 5 April 2022
Mehta, A; Barker, G C (1 April 1994). "The dynamics of sand". Reports on Progress in Physics. 57 (4): 383–416. Bibcode:1994RPPh...57..383M. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/57/4/002. ISSN 0034-4885.
Smith, William (1 June 1816). Strata identified by organized fossils, containing prints on colored paper of the most characteristic specimens in each stratum. London: W. Arding. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.106808.
Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Piller, Werner E.; Gibbard, Philip L.; Harper, David A. T.; Finney, Stanley C. (1 March 2022). "Ratification of subseries/subepochs as formal rank/units in international chronostratigraphy". Episodes. 45 (1): 97–99. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021016. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 240772165.
Knoll, Andrew; Walter, Malcolm; Narbonne, Guy; Christie-Blick, Nicholas (2006). "The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale". Lethaia. 39 (1): 13–30. Bibcode:2006Letha..39...13K. doi:10.1080/00241160500409223.
Remane, Jürgen; Bassett, Michael G; Cowie, John W; Gohrbandt, Klaus H; Lane, H Richard; Michelsen, Olaf; Naiwen, Wang; the cooperation of members of ICS (1 September 1996). "Revised guidelines for the establishment of global chronostratigraphic standards by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)". Episodes. 19 (3): 77–81. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1996/v19i3/007. ISSN 0705-3797.
Head, Martin J.; Gibbard, Philip; Salvador, Amos (1 June 2008). "The Quaternary: its character and definition". Episodes. 31 (2): 234–238. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2008/v31i2/009. ISSN 0705-3797.
Gibbard, Philip L.; Head, Martin J.; Walker, Michael J. C.; the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (20 January 2010). "Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma". Journal of Quaternary Science. 25 (2): 96–102. Bibcode:2010JQS....25...96G. doi:10.1002/jqs.1338. ISSN 0267-8179.
Ogg, J.G.; Hinnov, L.A.; Huang, C. (2012), "Jurassic", The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, pp. 731–791, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00026-3, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, retrieved 1 May 2022
Sedgwick, A.; Murchison, R. I. (1 January 1840). "XLIII.--On the Physical Structure of Devonshire, and on the Subdivisions and Geological Relations of its older stratified Deposits, &c". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. s2-5 (3): 633–703. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.633. ISSN 2042-5295. S2CID 128475487.
Murchison, Roderick Impey (1835). "VII. On the silurian system of rocks". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 7 (37): 46–52. doi:10.1080/14786443508648654. ISSN 1941-5966.
Lapworth, Charles (1879). "I.—On the Tripartite Classification of the Lower Palæozoic Rocks". Geological Magazine. 6 (1): 1–15. Bibcode:1879GeoM....6....1L. doi:10.1017/S0016756800156560. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 129165105.
Bassett, Michael G. (1 June 1979). "100 Years of Ordovician Geology". Episodes. 2 (2): 18–21. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1979/v2i2/003. ISSN 0705-3797.
Holmes, Arthur (9 June 1911). "The association of lead with uranium in rock-minerals, and its application to the measurement of geological time". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 85 (578): 248–256. Bibcode:1911RSPSA..85..248H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1911.0036. ISSN 0950-1207.
Fischer, Alfred G.; Garrison, Robert E. (2009). "The role of the Mediterranean region in the development of sedimentary geology: a historical overview". Sedimentology. 56 (1): 3–41. Bibcode:2009Sedim..56....3F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01009.x. S2CID 128604255.
Smith, William; Smith, William (1816). Strata identified by organized fossils: containing prints on colored paper of the most characteristic specimens in each stratum. London: Printed by W. Arding ..., and sold by the author ..., J. Sowerby ..., Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, and Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown ..., and by all booksellers. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.106808.
Kardel, Troels; Maquet, Paul (2018), "2.27 the Prodromus to a Dissertation on a Solid Naturally Contained within a Solid", Nicolaus Steno, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 763–825, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55047-2_38, ISBN 978-3-662-55046-5, retrieved 20 April 2022
Hutton, James (1788). "X. Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe ". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1 (2): 209–304. doi:10.1017/S0080456800029227. ISSN 0080-4568. S2CID 251578886.
Lewis, Cherry L. E. (2001). "Arthur Holmes' vision of a geological timescale". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 121–138. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..121L. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.10. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 128686640.
Soddy, Frederick (4 December 1913). "Intra-atomic Charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3965303.
Holmes, A. (1 January 1959). "A revised geological time-scale". Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society. 17 (3): 183–216. doi:10.1144/transed.17.3.183. ISSN 0371-6260. S2CID 129166282.
"A Revised Geological Time-Scale". Nature. 187 (4731): 27–28. 1960. Bibcode:1960Natur.187T..27.. doi:10.1038/187027d0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4179334.
Harrison, James M. (1 March 1978). "The Roots of IUGS". Episodes. 1 (1): 20–23. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1978/v1i1/005. ISSN 0705-3797.
Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; van Kranendonk, Martin (23 July 2008). "On the Geologic Time Scale 2008". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 43 (1): 5–13. Bibcode:2008NewSt..43....5G. doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2008/0043-0005. ISSN 0078-0421.
Crutzen, Paul J.; Stoermer, Eugene F. (2021), Benner, Susanne; Lax, Gregor; Crutzen, Paul J.; Pöschl, Ulrich (eds.), "The 'Anthropocene' (2000)", Paul J. Crutzen and the Anthropocene: A New Epoch in Earth's History, The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science, vol. 1, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 19–21, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82202-6_2, ISBN 978-3-030-82201-9, S2CID 245639062, retrieved 15 April 2022
Gibbard, Philip L.; Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Ruddiman, William F.; Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Merritts, Dorothy J.; Finney, Stanley C.; Edwards, Lucy E.; Walker, Michael J. C.; Maslin, Mark; Ellis, Erle C. (15 November 2021). "A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch". Episodes. 45 (4): 349–357. Bibcode:2021Episo..45..349G. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021029. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 244165877.
Head, Martin J.; Steffen, Will; Fagerlind, David; Waters, Colin N.; Poirier, Clement; Syvitski, Jaia; Zalasiewicz, Jan A.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; Cearreta, Alejandro; Jeandel, Catherine; Leinfelder, Reinhold (15 November 2021). "The Great Acceleration is real and provides a quantitative basis for the proposed Anthropocene Series/Epoch". Episodes. 45 (4): 359–376. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021031. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 244145710.
Zalasiewicz, Jan; Waters, Colin N.; Ellis, Erle C.; Head, Martin J.; Vidas, Davor; Steffen, Will; Thomas, Julia Adeney; Horn, Eva; Summerhayes, Colin P.; Leinfelder, Reinhold; McNeill, J. R. (2021). "The Anthropocene: Comparing Its Meaning in Geology (Chronostratigraphy) with Conceptual Approaches Arising in Other Disciplines". Earth's Future. 9 (3) e2020EF001896. Bibcode:2021EaFut...901896Z. doi:10.1029/2020EF001896. ISSN 2328-4277. S2CID 233816527.
Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Edwards, Lucy E.; Ellis, Erle C.; Gibbard, Philip; Merritts, Dorothy J. (16 September 2021). "Anthropocene: event or epoch?". Nature. 597 (7876): 332. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..332B. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02448-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34522014. S2CID 237515330.
Subramanian, Meera (21 May 2019). "Anthropocene now: influential panel votes to recognise Earth's new epoch". Nature: d41586–019–01641–5. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01641-5. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32433629. S2CID 182238145.
Bleeker, W. (17 March 2005), Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (eds.), "Toward a "natural" Precambrian time scale", A Geologic Time Scale 2004 (1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 141–146, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511536045.011, ISBN 978-0-521-78673-7, retrieved 9 April 2022
Strachan, R.; Murphy, J.B.; Darling, J.; Storey, C.; Shields, G. (2020), "Precambrian (4.56–1 Ga)", Geologic Time Scale 2020, Elsevier, pp. 481–493, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824360-2.00016-4, ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2, S2CID 229513433, retrieved 9 April 2022
Van Kranendonk, Martin J. (2012). "A Chronostratigraphic Division of the Precambrian". In Felix M. Gradstein; James G. Ogg; Mark D. Schmitz; abi M. Ogg (eds.). The geologic time scale 2012 (1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 359–365. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00016-0. ISBN 978-0-44-459425-9.
Goldblatt, C.; Zahnle, K. J.; Sleep, N. H.; Nisbet, E. G. (2010). "The Eons of Chaos and Hades". Solid Earth. 1 (1): 1–3. Bibcode:2010SolE....1....1G. doi:10.5194/se-1-1-2010.
Chambers, John E. (July 2004). "Planetary accretion in the inner Solar System" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 223 (3–4): 241–252. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.223..241C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.031. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2012.
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Riboulleau, Armelle; Rollion Bard, Claire; Macchiarelli, Roberto; et al. (2014). "The 2.1 Ga Old Francevillian Biota: Biogenicity, Taphonomy and Biodiversity". PLOS ONE. 9 (6) e99438. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999438E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099438. PMC 4070892. PMID 24963687.
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Bekker, Andrey; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Mazurier, Arnaud; Hammarlund, Emma U.; et al. (2010). "Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago" (PDF). Nature. 466 (7302): 100–104. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..100A. doi:10.1038/nature09166. PMID 20596019. S2CID 4331375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2024.
Cox, Simon J. D.; Richard, Stephen M. (2014). "A geologic timescale ontology and service". Earth Science Informatics. 8: 5–19. doi:10.1007/s12145-014-0170-6. S2CID 42345393.
Hoag, Colin; Svenning, Jens-Christian (17 October 2017). "African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 42 (1): 27–54. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653. ISSN 1543-5938. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
Bartoli, G; Sarnthein, M; Weinelt, M; Erlenkeuser, H; Garbe-Schönberg, D; Lea, D.W (2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 237 (1–2): 33–44. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.237...33B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020.
Royer, Dana L. (2006). "CO₂-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic" (PDF). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 70 (23): 5665–75. Bibcode:2006GeCoA..70.5665R. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
Nengo, Isaiah; Tafforeau, Paul; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Fleagle, John G.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig; Fox, David L.; Feinberg, Josh; Pugh, Kelsey D.; Berruyer, Camille; Mana, Sara (2017). "New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution". Nature. 548 (7666): 169–174. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..169N. doi:10.1038/nature23456. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28796200. S2CID 4397839.
Deconto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2" (PDF). Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638. S2CID 4326971.
Medlin, L. K.; Kooistra, W. H. C. F.; Gersonde, R.; Sims, P. A.; Wellbrock, U. (1997). "Is the origin of the diatoms related to the end-Permian mass extinction?". Nova Hedwigia. 65 (1–4): 1–11. Bibcode:1997NovaH..65....1M. doi:10.1127/nova.hedwigia/65/1997/1. hdl:10013/epic.12689.
Golonka, Jan (2020). "Late Devonian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Global and Planetary Change. 186 103129. Bibcode:2020GPC...18603129G. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103129. ISSN 0921-8181.
Qie, Wenkun; Algeo, Thomas J.; Luo, Genming; Herrmann, Achim (2019). "Global events of the Late Paleozoic (Early Devonian to Middle Permian): A review". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Global events of the Late Devonian to Early Permian. 531 109259. Bibcode:2019PPP...53109259Q. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109259. ISSN 0031-0182.
Ernst, Richard E.; Rodygin, Sergei A.; Grinev, Oleg M. (2020). "Age correlation of Large Igneous Provinces with Devonian biotic crises". Global and Planetary Change. 185 103097. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503097E. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103097. ISSN 0921-8181.
Golonka, Jan; Porębski, Szczepan J.; Waśkowska, Anna (15 July 2023). "Silurian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 622 111597. Bibcode:2023PPP...62211597G. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111597. ISSN 0031-0182.
Cooper, Roger A.; Sadler, Peter M.; Munnecke, Axel; Crampton, James S. (2014). "Graptoloid evolutionary rates track Ordovician–Silurian global climate change". Geological Magazine. 151 (2): 349–364. Bibcode:2014GeoM..151..349C. doi:10.1017/S0016756813000198. ISSN 0016-7568.
Scotese, Christopher R.; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (1 April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews. 215 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503. ISSN 0012-8252.
Liu, Mu; Bao, Xiujuan; Harper, David A. T.; Algeo, Thomas; Zhao, Mingyu; Saltzman, Matthew; Zhang, Wang; Chen, Daizhao; Yuan, Shuai; Chen, Yihui; Wei, Mengyu; Zhang, Junpeng; Luan, Xiaocong; Zhang, Yuandong; Yang, Xiangrong (1 October 2025). "Diversification to extinction: oceanic and climatic context of the Ordovician". Earth-Science Reviews. 269 105194. Bibcode:2025ESRv..26905194L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105194. ISSN 0012-8252.
Pruss, Sara B.; Gill, Benjamin C. (23 July 2024). "Life on the Edge: The Cambrian Marine Realm and Oxygenation". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (52): 109–132. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..109P. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-070316. ISSN 0084-6597.
Xiong, Yi; Wood, Rachel; Pichevin, Laetitia (2023). "The record of sea water chemistry evolution during the Ediacaran–Cambrian from early marine cements". The Depositional Record. 9 (3): 508–525. Bibcode:2023DepRe...9..508X. doi:10.1002/dep2.211. ISSN 2055-4877.
Myrow, Paul M.; Goodge, John W.; Brock, Glenn A.; Betts, Marissa J.; Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Gaines, Robert R. (29 March 2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13) eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
Williams, Joshua J.; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Lenton, Timothy M. (2019). "A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 2690. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.2690W. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10286-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6584537. PMID 31217418.
Naranjo-Ortiz, Miguel A.; Gabaldón, Toni (25 April 2019). "Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 94 (4). Cambridge Philosophical Society (Wiley): 1443–1476. doi:10.1111/brv.12510. ISSN 1464-7931. PMC 6850671. PMID 31021528. S2CID 131775942.
Žárský, Jakub; Žárský, Vojtěch; Hanáček, Martin; Žárský, Viktor (27 January 2022). "Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle – The Origin of the Anydrophytes and Zygnematophyceae Split". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12 735020. Bibcode:2022FrPS...1235020Z. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.735020. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8829067. PMID 35154170.
Yoon, Hwan Su; Hackett, Jeremiah D.; Ciniglia, Claudia; Pinto, Gabriele; Bhattacharya, Debashish (2004). "A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (5): 809–818. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh075. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 14963099.
Och, Lawrence M.; Shields-Zhou, Graham A. (1 January 2012). "The Neoproterozoic oxygenation event: Environmental perturbations and biogeochemical cycling". Earth-Science Reviews. 110 (1–4): 26–57. Bibcode:2012ESRv..110...26O. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.09.004.
Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. (1999). "Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 134 (1): 3. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465. S2CID 128376754.
Iizuka, Tsuyoshi; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Maruyama, Shigenori (2007), Chapter 3.1 the Early Archean Acasta Gneiss Complex: Geological, Geochronological and Isotopic Studies and Implications for Early Crustal Evolution, Developments in Precambrian Geology, vol. 15, Elsevier, pp. 127–147, doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(07)15031-3, ISBN 978-0-444-52810-0, retrieved 1 May 2022
Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..175W. doi:10.1038/35051550. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.
Wilhelms, Don E. (1987). The geologic history of the Moon. Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. Bibcode:1987ghm..book.....W. doi:10.3133/pp1348.
Tanaka, Kenneth L. (1986). "The stratigraphy of Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research. 91 (B13) E139. Bibcode:1986JGR....91E.139T. doi:10.1029/JB091iB13p0E139. ISSN 0148-0227.
Carr, Michael H.; Head, James W. (1 June 2010). "Geologic history of Mars". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Mars Express after 6 Years in Orbit: Mars Geology from Three-Dimensional Mapping by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) Experiment. 294 (3): 185–203. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.294..185C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.042. ISSN 0012-821X.
Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves; Mustard, John F.; Poulet, François; Arvidson, Raymond; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Mangold, Nicolas; Pinet, P.; Forget, F.; Berthé, Michel (21 April 2006). "Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Van Kranendonk, Martin J.; Altermann, Wladyslaw; Beard, Brian L.; Hoffman, Paul F.; Johnson, Clark M.; Kasting, James F.; Melezhik, Victor A.; Nutman, Allen P. (2012), "A Chronostratigraphic Division of the Precambrian", The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, pp. 299–392, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00016-0, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, retrieved 5 April 2022
Ogg, J.G.; Hinnov, L.A.; Huang, C. (2012), "Jurassic", The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, pp. 731–791, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00026-3, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, retrieved 1 May 2022
Strachan, R.; Murphy, J.B.; Darling, J.; Storey, C.; Shields, G. (2020), "Precambrian (4.56–1 Ga)", Geologic Time Scale 2020, Elsevier, pp. 481–493, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824360-2.00016-4, ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2, S2CID 229513433, retrieved 9 April 2022
Och, Lawrence M.; Shields-Zhou, Graham A. (1 January 2012). "The Neoproterozoic oxygenation event: Environmental perturbations and biogeochemical cycling". Earth-Science Reviews. 110 (1–4): 26–57. Bibcode:2012ESRv..110...26O. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.09.004.
Iizuka, Tsuyoshi; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Maruyama, Shigenori (2007), Chapter 3.1 the Early Archean Acasta Gneiss Complex: Geological, Geochronological and Isotopic Studies and Implications for Early Crustal Evolution, Developments in Precambrian Geology, vol. 15, Elsevier, pp. 127–147, doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(07)15031-3, ISBN 978-0-444-52810-0, retrieved 1 May 2022

environment.gov.au (Global: 2,543^rd place; English: 1,964^th place)

"Place Details: Ediacara Fossil Site – Nilpena, Parachilna, SA, Australia". Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Australian Heritage Database. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.

geosciml.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

resource.geosciml.org

"Geologic Timescale Elements in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Cox, Simon J. D. "SPARQL endpoint for CGI timescale service". Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

Hutton, James (1795). Theory of the Earth. Vol. 1. Edinburgh.
Hutton, James (1795). Theory of the Earth. Vol. 2. Edinburgh.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Medlin, L. K.; Kooistra, W. H. C. F.; Gersonde, R.; Sims, P. A.; Wellbrock, U. (1997). "Is the origin of the diatoms related to the end-Permian mass extinction?". Nova Hedwigia. 65 (1–4): 1–11. Bibcode:1997NovaH..65....1M. doi:10.1127/nova.hedwigia/65/1997/1. hdl:10013/epic.12689.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094.
Shields, Graham A.; Strachan, Robin A.; Porter, Susannah M.; Halverson, Galen P.; Macdonald, Francis A.; Plumb, Kenneth A.; de Alvarenga, Carlos J.; Banerjee, Dhiraj M.; Bekker, Andrey; Bleeker, Wouter; Brasier, Alexander (2022). "A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale". Journal of the Geological Society. 179 (1): jgs2020–222. Bibcode:2022JGSoc.179..222S. doi:10.1144/jgs2020-222. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 236285974.
Mehta, A; Barker, G C (1 April 1994). "The dynamics of sand". Reports on Progress in Physics. 57 (4): 383–416. Bibcode:1994RPPh...57..383M. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/57/4/002. ISSN 0034-4885.
Knoll, Andrew; Walter, Malcolm; Narbonne, Guy; Christie-Blick, Nicholas (2006). "The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale". Lethaia. 39 (1): 13–30. Bibcode:2006Letha..39...13K. doi:10.1080/00241160500409223.
Gibbard, Philip L.; Head, Martin J.; Walker, Michael J. C.; the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (20 January 2010). "Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma". Journal of Quaternary Science. 25 (2): 96–102. Bibcode:2010JQS....25...96G. doi:10.1002/jqs.1338. ISSN 0267-8179.
Lapworth, Charles (1879). "I.—On the Tripartite Classification of the Lower Palæozoic Rocks". Geological Magazine. 6 (1): 1–15. Bibcode:1879GeoM....6....1L. doi:10.1017/S0016756800156560. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 129165105.
Holmes, Arthur (9 June 1911). "The association of lead with uranium in rock-minerals, and its application to the measurement of geological time". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 85 (578): 248–256. Bibcode:1911RSPSA..85..248H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1911.0036. ISSN 0950-1207.
Fischer, Alfred G.; Garrison, Robert E. (2009). "The role of the Mediterranean region in the development of sedimentary geology: a historical overview". Sedimentology. 56 (1): 3–41. Bibcode:2009Sedim..56....3F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01009.x. S2CID 128604255.
Lewis, Cherry L. E. (2001). "Arthur Holmes' vision of a geological timescale". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 121–138. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..121L. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.10. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 128686640.
Soddy, Frederick (4 December 1913). "Intra-atomic Charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3965303.
"A Revised Geological Time-Scale". Nature. 187 (4731): 27–28. 1960. Bibcode:1960Natur.187T..27.. doi:10.1038/187027d0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4179334.
Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; van Kranendonk, Martin (23 July 2008). "On the Geologic Time Scale 2008". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 43 (1): 5–13. Bibcode:2008NewSt..43....5G. doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2008/0043-0005. ISSN 0078-0421.
Gibbard, Philip L.; Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Ruddiman, William F.; Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Merritts, Dorothy J.; Finney, Stanley C.; Edwards, Lucy E.; Walker, Michael J. C.; Maslin, Mark; Ellis, Erle C. (15 November 2021). "A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch". Episodes. 45 (4): 349–357. Bibcode:2021Episo..45..349G. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021029. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 244165877.
Zalasiewicz, Jan; Waters, Colin N.; Ellis, Erle C.; Head, Martin J.; Vidas, Davor; Steffen, Will; Thomas, Julia Adeney; Horn, Eva; Summerhayes, Colin P.; Leinfelder, Reinhold; McNeill, J. R. (2021). "The Anthropocene: Comparing Its Meaning in Geology (Chronostratigraphy) with Conceptual Approaches Arising in Other Disciplines". Earth's Future. 9 (3) e2020EF001896. Bibcode:2021EaFut...901896Z. doi:10.1029/2020EF001896. ISSN 2328-4277. S2CID 233816527.
Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Edwards, Lucy E.; Ellis, Erle C.; Gibbard, Philip; Merritts, Dorothy J. (16 September 2021). "Anthropocene: event or epoch?". Nature. 597 (7876): 332. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..332B. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02448-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34522014. S2CID 237515330.
Goldblatt, C.; Zahnle, K. J.; Sleep, N. H.; Nisbet, E. G. (2010). "The Eons of Chaos and Hades". Solid Earth. 1 (1): 1–3. Bibcode:2010SolE....1....1G. doi:10.5194/se-1-1-2010.
Chambers, John E. (July 2004). "Planetary accretion in the inner Solar System" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 223 (3–4): 241–252. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.223..241C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.031. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2012.
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Riboulleau, Armelle; Rollion Bard, Claire; Macchiarelli, Roberto; et al. (2014). "The 2.1 Ga Old Francevillian Biota: Biogenicity, Taphonomy and Biodiversity". PLOS ONE. 9 (6) e99438. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999438E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099438. PMC 4070892. PMID 24963687.
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Bekker, Andrey; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Mazurier, Arnaud; Hammarlund, Emma U.; et al. (2010). "Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago" (PDF). Nature. 466 (7302): 100–104. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..100A. doi:10.1038/nature09166. PMID 20596019. S2CID 4331375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2024.
Bartoli, G; Sarnthein, M; Weinelt, M; Erlenkeuser, H; Garbe-Schönberg, D; Lea, D.W (2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 237 (1–2): 33–44. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.237...33B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020.
Royer, Dana L. (2006). "CO₂-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic" (PDF). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 70 (23): 5665–75. Bibcode:2006GeCoA..70.5665R. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
Nengo, Isaiah; Tafforeau, Paul; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Fleagle, John G.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig; Fox, David L.; Feinberg, Josh; Pugh, Kelsey D.; Berruyer, Camille; Mana, Sara (2017). "New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution". Nature. 548 (7666): 169–174. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..169N. doi:10.1038/nature23456. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28796200. S2CID 4397839.
Deconto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2" (PDF). Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638. S2CID 4326971.
Medlin, L. K.; Kooistra, W. H. C. F.; Gersonde, R.; Sims, P. A.; Wellbrock, U. (1997). "Is the origin of the diatoms related to the end-Permian mass extinction?". Nova Hedwigia. 65 (1–4): 1–11. Bibcode:1997NovaH..65....1M. doi:10.1127/nova.hedwigia/65/1997/1. hdl:10013/epic.12689.
Golonka, Jan (2020). "Late Devonian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Global and Planetary Change. 186 103129. Bibcode:2020GPC...18603129G. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103129. ISSN 0921-8181.
Qie, Wenkun; Algeo, Thomas J.; Luo, Genming; Herrmann, Achim (2019). "Global events of the Late Paleozoic (Early Devonian to Middle Permian): A review". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Global events of the Late Devonian to Early Permian. 531 109259. Bibcode:2019PPP...53109259Q. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109259. ISSN 0031-0182.
Ernst, Richard E.; Rodygin, Sergei A.; Grinev, Oleg M. (2020). "Age correlation of Large Igneous Provinces with Devonian biotic crises". Global and Planetary Change. 185 103097. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503097E. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103097. ISSN 0921-8181.
Golonka, Jan; Porębski, Szczepan J.; Waśkowska, Anna (15 July 2023). "Silurian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 622 111597. Bibcode:2023PPP...62211597G. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111597. ISSN 0031-0182.
Cooper, Roger A.; Sadler, Peter M.; Munnecke, Axel; Crampton, James S. (2014). "Graptoloid evolutionary rates track Ordovician–Silurian global climate change". Geological Magazine. 151 (2): 349–364. Bibcode:2014GeoM..151..349C. doi:10.1017/S0016756813000198. ISSN 0016-7568.
Scotese, Christopher R.; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (1 April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews. 215 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503. ISSN 0012-8252.
Liu, Mu; Bao, Xiujuan; Harper, David A. T.; Algeo, Thomas; Zhao, Mingyu; Saltzman, Matthew; Zhang, Wang; Chen, Daizhao; Yuan, Shuai; Chen, Yihui; Wei, Mengyu; Zhang, Junpeng; Luan, Xiaocong; Zhang, Yuandong; Yang, Xiangrong (1 October 2025). "Diversification to extinction: oceanic and climatic context of the Ordovician". Earth-Science Reviews. 269 105194. Bibcode:2025ESRv..26905194L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105194. ISSN 0012-8252.
Pruss, Sara B.; Gill, Benjamin C. (23 July 2024). "Life on the Edge: The Cambrian Marine Realm and Oxygenation". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (52): 109–132. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..109P. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-070316. ISSN 0084-6597.
Xiong, Yi; Wood, Rachel; Pichevin, Laetitia (2023). "The record of sea water chemistry evolution during the Ediacaran–Cambrian from early marine cements". The Depositional Record. 9 (3): 508–525. Bibcode:2023DepRe...9..508X. doi:10.1002/dep2.211. ISSN 2055-4877.
Myrow, Paul M.; Goodge, John W.; Brock, Glenn A.; Betts, Marissa J.; Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Gaines, Robert R. (29 March 2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13) eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
Williams, Joshua J.; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Lenton, Timothy M. (2019). "A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 2690. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.2690W. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10286-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6584537. PMID 31217418.
Žárský, Jakub; Žárský, Vojtěch; Hanáček, Martin; Žárský, Viktor (27 January 2022). "Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle – The Origin of the Anydrophytes and Zygnematophyceae Split". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12 735020. Bibcode:2022FrPS...1235020Z. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.735020. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8829067. PMID 35154170.
Och, Lawrence M.; Shields-Zhou, Graham A. (1 January 2012). "The Neoproterozoic oxygenation event: Environmental perturbations and biogeochemical cycling". Earth-Science Reviews. 110 (1–4): 26–57. Bibcode:2012ESRv..110...26O. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.09.004.
Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. (1999). "Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 134 (1): 3. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465. S2CID 128376754.
Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..175W. doi:10.1038/35051550. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.
Wilhelms, Don E. (1987). The geologic history of the Moon. Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. Bibcode:1987ghm..book.....W. doi:10.3133/pp1348.
Tanaka, Kenneth L. (1986). "The stratigraphy of Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research. 91 (B13) E139. Bibcode:1986JGR....91E.139T. doi:10.1029/JB091iB13p0E139. ISSN 0148-0227.
Carr, Michael H.; Head, James W. (1 June 2010). "Geologic history of Mars". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Mars Express after 6 Years in Orbit: Mars Geology from Three-Dimensional Mapping by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) Experiment. 294 (3): 185–203. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.294..185C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.042. ISSN 0012-821X.
Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves; Mustard, John F.; Poulet, François; Arvidson, Raymond; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Mangold, Nicolas; Pinet, P.; Forget, F.; Berthé, Michel (21 April 2006). "Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

iop.org (Global: 1,725^th place; English: 1,828^th place)

iopscience.iop.org

Mehta, A; Barker, G C (1 April 1994). "The dynamics of sand". Reports on Progress in Physics. 57 (4): 383–416. Bibcode:1994RPPh...57..383M. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/57/4/002. ISSN 0034-4885.

linguistlist.org (Global: 9,245^th place; English: 6,554^th place)

listserv.linguistlist.org

Butcher, Andy (26 May 2004). "Re: Ediacaran". LISTSERV 16.0 - AUSTRALIAN-LINGUISTICS-L Archives. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2011.

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 959^th place)

"Here's What the Last Common Ancestor of Apes and Humans Looked Like". Live Science. 10 August 2017.

lyellcollection.org (Global: 6,584^th place; English: 4,241^st place)

sp.lyellcollection.org

Lewis, Cherry L. E. (2001). "Arthur Holmes' vision of a geological timescale". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 121–138. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..121L. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.10. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 128686640.

trned.lyellcollection.org

Holmes, A. (1 January 1959). "A revised geological time-scale". Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society. 17 (3): 183–216. doi:10.1144/transed.17.3.183. ISSN 0371-6260. S2CID 129166282.

maricopa.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

open.maricopa.edu

Johnson, Chris; Bentley, Callan; Panchuk, Karla; Affolter, Matt; Layou, Karen; Jaye, Shelley; Kohrs, Russ; Inkenbrandt, Paul; Mosher, Cam; Ricketts, Brian; Estrada, Charlene. "Geologic Time and Relative Dating". Maricopa Open Digital Press.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"William Smith (1769-1839)". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 8 May 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2024.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

Soddy, Frederick (4 December 1913). "Intra-atomic Charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3965303.
Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Edwards, Lucy E.; Ellis, Erle C.; Gibbard, Philip; Merritts, Dorothy J. (16 September 2021). "Anthropocene: event or epoch?". Nature. 597 (7876): 332. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..332B. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02448-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34522014. S2CID 237515330.
Subramanian, Meera (21 May 2019). "Anthropocene now: influential panel votes to recognise Earth's new epoch". Nature: d41586–019–01641–5. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01641-5. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32433629. S2CID 182238145.
Nengo, Isaiah; Tafforeau, Paul; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Fleagle, John G.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig; Fox, David L.; Feinberg, Josh; Pugh, Kelsey D.; Berruyer, Camille; Mana, Sara (2017). "New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution". Nature. 548 (7666): 169–174. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..169N. doi:10.1038/nature23456. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28796200. S2CID 4397839.
Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..175W. doi:10.1038/35051550. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Edwards, Lucy E.; Ellis, Erle C.; Gibbard, Philip; Merritts, Dorothy J. (16 September 2021). "Anthropocene: event or epoch?". Nature. 597 (7876): 332. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..332B. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02448-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34522014. S2CID 237515330.
Subramanian, Meera (21 May 2019). "Anthropocene now: influential panel votes to recognise Earth's new epoch". Nature: d41586–019–01641–5. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01641-5. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32433629. S2CID 182238145.
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Riboulleau, Armelle; Rollion Bard, Claire; Macchiarelli, Roberto; et al. (2014). "The 2.1 Ga Old Francevillian Biota: Biogenicity, Taphonomy and Biodiversity". PLOS ONE. 9 (6) e99438. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999438E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099438. PMC 4070892. PMID 24963687.
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Bekker, Andrey; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Mazurier, Arnaud; Hammarlund, Emma U.; et al. (2010). "Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago" (PDF). Nature. 466 (7302): 100–104. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..100A. doi:10.1038/nature09166. PMID 20596019. S2CID 4331375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2024.
Nengo, Isaiah; Tafforeau, Paul; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Fleagle, John G.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig; Fox, David L.; Feinberg, Josh; Pugh, Kelsey D.; Berruyer, Camille; Mana, Sara (2017). "New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution". Nature. 548 (7666): 169–174. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..169N. doi:10.1038/nature23456. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28796200. S2CID 4397839.
Deconto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2" (PDF). Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638. S2CID 4326971.
Myrow, Paul M.; Goodge, John W.; Brock, Glenn A.; Betts, Marissa J.; Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Gaines, Robert R. (29 March 2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13) eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
Williams, Joshua J.; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Lenton, Timothy M. (2019). "A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 2690. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.2690W. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10286-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6584537. PMID 31217418.
Naranjo-Ortiz, Miguel A.; Gabaldón, Toni (25 April 2019). "Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 94 (4). Cambridge Philosophical Society (Wiley): 1443–1476. doi:10.1111/brv.12510. ISSN 1464-7931. PMC 6850671. PMID 31021528. S2CID 131775942.
Žárský, Jakub; Žárský, Vojtěch; Hanáček, Martin; Žárský, Viktor (27 January 2022). "Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle – The Origin of the Anydrophytes and Zygnematophyceae Split". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12 735020. Bibcode:2022FrPS...1235020Z. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.735020. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8829067. PMID 35154170.
Yoon, Hwan Su; Hackett, Jeremiah D.; Ciniglia, Claudia; Pinto, Gabriele; Bhattacharya, Debashish (2004). "A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (5): 809–818. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh075. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 14963099.
Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..175W. doi:10.1038/35051550. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.
Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves; Mustard, John F.; Poulet, François; Arvidson, Raymond; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Mangold, Nicolas; Pinet, P.; Forget, F.; Berthé, Michel (21 April 2006). "Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Riboulleau, Armelle; Rollion Bard, Claire; Macchiarelli, Roberto; et al. (2014). "The 2.1 Ga Old Francevillian Biota: Biogenicity, Taphonomy and Biodiversity". PLOS ONE. 9 (6) e99438. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999438E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099438. PMC 4070892. PMID 24963687.
Myrow, Paul M.; Goodge, John W.; Brock, Glenn A.; Betts, Marissa J.; Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Gaines, Robert R. (29 March 2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13) eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
Williams, Joshua J.; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Lenton, Timothy M. (2019). "A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 2690. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.2690W. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10286-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6584537. PMID 31217418.
Naranjo-Ortiz, Miguel A.; Gabaldón, Toni (25 April 2019). "Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 94 (4). Cambridge Philosophical Society (Wiley): 1443–1476. doi:10.1111/brv.12510. ISSN 1464-7931. PMC 6850671. PMID 31021528. S2CID 131775942.
Žárský, Jakub; Žárský, Vojtěch; Hanáček, Martin; Žárský, Viktor (27 January 2022). "Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle – The Origin of the Anydrophytes and Zygnematophyceae Split". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12 735020. Bibcode:2022FrPS...1235020Z. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.735020. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8829067. PMID 35154170.

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

academic.oup.com

Yoon, Hwan Su; Hackett, Jeremiah D.; Ciniglia, Claudia; Pinto, Gabriele; Bhattacharya, Debashish (2004). "A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (5): 809–818. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh075. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 14963099.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

Tyson, Peter (October 2009). "NOVA, Aliens from Earth: Who's who in human evolution". PBS. Retrieved 8 October 2009.

rero.ch (Global: 3,510^th place; English: 2,263^rd place)

doc.rero.ch

Deconto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2" (PDF). Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638. S2CID 4326971.

schweizerbart.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; van Kranendonk, Martin (23 July 2008). "On the Geologic Time Scale 2008". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 43 (1): 5–13. Bibcode:2008NewSt..43....5G. doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2008/0043-0005. ISSN 0078-0421.

science.org (Global: 1,160^th place; English: 737^th place)

Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves; Mustard, John F.; Poulet, François; Arvidson, Raymond; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Mangold, Nicolas; Pinet, P.; Forget, F.; Berthé, Michel (21 April 2006). "Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

Golonka, Jan (2020). "Late Devonian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Global and Planetary Change. 186 103129. Bibcode:2020GPC...18603129G. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103129. ISSN 0921-8181.
Qie, Wenkun; Algeo, Thomas J.; Luo, Genming; Herrmann, Achim (2019). "Global events of the Late Paleozoic (Early Devonian to Middle Permian): A review". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Global events of the Late Devonian to Early Permian. 531 109259. Bibcode:2019PPP...53109259Q. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109259. ISSN 0031-0182.
Ernst, Richard E.; Rodygin, Sergei A.; Grinev, Oleg M. (2020). "Age correlation of Large Igneous Provinces with Devonian biotic crises". Global and Planetary Change. 185 103097. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503097E. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103097. ISSN 0921-8181.
Golonka, Jan; Porębski, Szczepan J.; Waśkowska, Anna (15 July 2023). "Silurian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 622 111597. Bibcode:2023PPP...62211597G. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111597. ISSN 0031-0182.
Scotese, Christopher R.; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (1 April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews. 215 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503. ISSN 0012-8252.
Liu, Mu; Bao, Xiujuan; Harper, David A. T.; Algeo, Thomas; Zhao, Mingyu; Saltzman, Matthew; Zhang, Wang; Chen, Daizhao; Yuan, Shuai; Chen, Yihui; Wei, Mengyu; Zhang, Junpeng; Luan, Xiaocong; Zhang, Yuandong; Yang, Xiangrong (1 October 2025). "Diversification to extinction: oceanic and climatic context of the Ordovician". Earth-Science Reviews. 269 105194. Bibcode:2025ESRv..26905194L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105194. ISSN 0012-8252.
Cooper, R. A.; Sadler, P. M.; Hammer, O.; Gradstein, F. M. (1 January 2012), Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Schmitz, Mark D.; Ogg, Gabi M. (eds.), "Chapter 20 - The Ordovician Period", The Geologic Time Scale, Boston: Elsevier, pp. 489–523, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, retrieved 30 July 2025
Peng, S.; Babcock, L. E.; Cooper, R. A. (1 January 2012), Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Schmitz, Mark D.; Ogg, Gabi M. (eds.), "Chapter 19 - The Cambrian Period", The Geologic Time Scale, Boston: Elsevier, pp. 437–488, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9, retrieved 30 July 2025
Carr, Michael H.; Head, James W. (1 June 2010). "Geologic history of Mars". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Mars Express after 6 Years in Orbit: Mars Geology from Three-Dimensional Mapping by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) Experiment. 294 (3): 185–203. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.294..185C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.042. ISSN 0012-821X.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094.
Shields, Graham A.; Strachan, Robin A.; Porter, Susannah M.; Halverson, Galen P.; Macdonald, Francis A.; Plumb, Kenneth A.; de Alvarenga, Carlos J.; Banerjee, Dhiraj M.; Bekker, Andrey; Bleeker, Wouter; Brasier, Alexander (2022). "A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale". Journal of the Geological Society. 179 (1): jgs2020–222. Bibcode:2022JGSoc.179..222S. doi:10.1144/jgs2020-222. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 236285974.
Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Piller, Werner E.; Gibbard, Philip L.; Harper, David A. T.; Finney, Stanley C. (1 March 2022). "Ratification of subseries/subepochs as formal rank/units in international chronostratigraphy". Episodes. 45 (1): 97–99. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021016. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 240772165.
Sedgwick, A.; Murchison, R. I. (1 January 1840). "XLIII.--On the Physical Structure of Devonshire, and on the Subdivisions and Geological Relations of its older stratified Deposits, &c". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. s2-5 (3): 633–703. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.633. ISSN 2042-5295. S2CID 128475487.
Lapworth, Charles (1879). "I.—On the Tripartite Classification of the Lower Palæozoic Rocks". Geological Magazine. 6 (1): 1–15. Bibcode:1879GeoM....6....1L. doi:10.1017/S0016756800156560. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 129165105.
Fischer, Alfred G.; Garrison, Robert E. (2009). "The role of the Mediterranean region in the development of sedimentary geology: a historical overview". Sedimentology. 56 (1): 3–41. Bibcode:2009Sedim..56....3F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01009.x. S2CID 128604255.
Hutton, James (1788). "X. Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe ". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1 (2): 209–304. doi:10.1017/S0080456800029227. ISSN 0080-4568. S2CID 251578886.
Lewis, Cherry L. E. (2001). "Arthur Holmes' vision of a geological timescale". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 121–138. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..121L. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.10. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 128686640.
Soddy, Frederick (4 December 1913). "Intra-atomic Charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3965303.
Holmes, A. (1 January 1959). "A revised geological time-scale". Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society. 17 (3): 183–216. doi:10.1144/transed.17.3.183. ISSN 0371-6260. S2CID 129166282.
"A Revised Geological Time-Scale". Nature. 187 (4731): 27–28. 1960. Bibcode:1960Natur.187T..27.. doi:10.1038/187027d0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4179334.
Crutzen, Paul J.; Stoermer, Eugene F. (2021), Benner, Susanne; Lax, Gregor; Crutzen, Paul J.; Pöschl, Ulrich (eds.), "The 'Anthropocene' (2000)", Paul J. Crutzen and the Anthropocene: A New Epoch in Earth's History, The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science, vol. 1, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 19–21, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82202-6_2, ISBN 978-3-030-82201-9, S2CID 245639062, retrieved 15 April 2022
Gibbard, Philip L.; Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Ruddiman, William F.; Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Merritts, Dorothy J.; Finney, Stanley C.; Edwards, Lucy E.; Walker, Michael J. C.; Maslin, Mark; Ellis, Erle C. (15 November 2021). "A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch". Episodes. 45 (4): 349–357. Bibcode:2021Episo..45..349G. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021029. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 244165877.
Head, Martin J.; Steffen, Will; Fagerlind, David; Waters, Colin N.; Poirier, Clement; Syvitski, Jaia; Zalasiewicz, Jan A.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; Cearreta, Alejandro; Jeandel, Catherine; Leinfelder, Reinhold (15 November 2021). "The Great Acceleration is real and provides a quantitative basis for the proposed Anthropocene Series/Epoch". Episodes. 45 (4): 359–376. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021031. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 244145710.
Zalasiewicz, Jan; Waters, Colin N.; Ellis, Erle C.; Head, Martin J.; Vidas, Davor; Steffen, Will; Thomas, Julia Adeney; Horn, Eva; Summerhayes, Colin P.; Leinfelder, Reinhold; McNeill, J. R. (2021). "The Anthropocene: Comparing Its Meaning in Geology (Chronostratigraphy) with Conceptual Approaches Arising in Other Disciplines". Earth's Future. 9 (3) e2020EF001896. Bibcode:2021EaFut...901896Z. doi:10.1029/2020EF001896. ISSN 2328-4277. S2CID 233816527.
Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Edwards, Lucy E.; Ellis, Erle C.; Gibbard, Philip; Merritts, Dorothy J. (16 September 2021). "Anthropocene: event or epoch?". Nature. 597 (7876): 332. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..332B. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02448-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34522014. S2CID 237515330.
Subramanian, Meera (21 May 2019). "Anthropocene now: influential panel votes to recognise Earth's new epoch". Nature: d41586–019–01641–5. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01641-5. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32433629. S2CID 182238145.
Strachan, R.; Murphy, J.B.; Darling, J.; Storey, C.; Shields, G. (2020), "Precambrian (4.56–1 Ga)", Geologic Time Scale 2020, Elsevier, pp. 481–493, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824360-2.00016-4, ISBN 978-0-12-824360-2, S2CID 229513433, retrieved 9 April 2022
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Bekker, Andrey; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Mazurier, Arnaud; Hammarlund, Emma U.; et al. (2010). "Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago" (PDF). Nature. 466 (7302): 100–104. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..100A. doi:10.1038/nature09166. PMID 20596019. S2CID 4331375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2024.
Cox, Simon J. D.; Richard, Stephen M. (2014). "A geologic timescale ontology and service". Earth Science Informatics. 8: 5–19. doi:10.1007/s12145-014-0170-6. S2CID 42345393.
Nengo, Isaiah; Tafforeau, Paul; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Fleagle, John G.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig; Fox, David L.; Feinberg, Josh; Pugh, Kelsey D.; Berruyer, Camille; Mana, Sara (2017). "New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution". Nature. 548 (7666): 169–174. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..169N. doi:10.1038/nature23456. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28796200. S2CID 4397839.
Deconto, Robert M.; Pollard, David (2003). "Rapid Cenozoic glaciation of Antarctica induced by declining atmospheric CO2" (PDF). Nature. 421 (6920): 245–249. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..245D. doi:10.1038/nature01290. PMID 12529638. S2CID 4326971.
Naranjo-Ortiz, Miguel A.; Gabaldón, Toni (25 April 2019). "Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 94 (4). Cambridge Philosophical Society (Wiley): 1443–1476. doi:10.1111/brv.12510. ISSN 1464-7931. PMC 6850671. PMID 31021528. S2CID 131775942.
Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. (1999). "Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 134 (1): 3. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465. S2CID 128376754.
Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..175W. doi:10.1038/35051550. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.
Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves; Mustard, John F.; Poulet, François; Arvidson, Raymond; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Mangold, Nicolas; Pinet, P.; Forget, F.; Berthé, Michel (21 April 2006). "Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

link.springer.com

Kardel, Troels; Maquet, Paul (2018), "2.27 the Prodromus to a Dissertation on a Solid Naturally Contained within a Solid", Nicolaus Steno, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 763–825, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55047-2_38, ISBN 978-3-662-55046-5, retrieved 20 April 2022
Crutzen, Paul J.; Stoermer, Eugene F. (2021), Benner, Susanne; Lax, Gregor; Crutzen, Paul J.; Pöschl, Ulrich (eds.), "The 'Anthropocene' (2000)", Paul J. Crutzen and the Anthropocene: A New Epoch in Earth's History, The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science, vol. 1, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 19–21, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82202-6_2, ISBN 978-3-030-82201-9, S2CID 245639062, retrieved 15 April 2022

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,562^nd place; English: 3,215^th place)

stratigraphy.org

"Statues & Guidelines". International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
"International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. December 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2025.
"International Commission on Stratigraphy - Stratigraphic Guide - Chapter 9. Chronostratigraphic Units". stratigraphy.org. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
"Chapter 9. Chronostratigraphic Units". stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
"Chapter 3. Definitions and Procedures". stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
"Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points". stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
"Joint statement by the IUGS and ICS on the vote by the ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy". International Commission on Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 23 October 2025.
"International Commission on Stratigraphy". International Geological Time Scale. Retrieved 5 June 2022.

quaternary.stratigraphy.org

"Working Group on the 'Anthropocene' | Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy". Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
"Working Group on the 'Anthropocene'". Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 23 October 2025.

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

Murchison, Roderick Impey (1835). "VII. On the silurian system of rocks". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 7 (37): 46–52. doi:10.1080/14786443508648654. ISSN 1941-5966.

washington.edu (Global: 1,067^th place; English: 749^th place)

astro.washington.edu

Chambers, John E. (July 2004). "Planetary accretion in the inner Solar System" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 223 (3–4): 241–252. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.223..241C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.031. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2012.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Butcher, Andy (26 May 2004). "Re: Ediacaran". LISTSERV 16.0 - AUSTRALIAN-LINGUISTICS-L Archives. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
"Place Details: Ediacara Fossil Site – Nilpena, Parachilna, SA, Australia". Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Australian Heritage Database. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
"Working Group on the 'Anthropocene' | Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy". Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
Chambers, John E. (July 2004). "Planetary accretion in the inner Solar System" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 223 (3–4): 241–252. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.223..241C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.031. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2012.
El Albani, Abderrazak; Bengtson, Stefan; Canfield, Donald E.; Bekker, Andrey; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Mazurier, Arnaud; Hammarlund, Emma U.; et al. (2010). "Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago" (PDF). Nature. 466 (7302): 100–104. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..100A. doi:10.1038/nature09166. PMID 20596019. S2CID 4331375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2024.
Hoag, Colin; Svenning, Jens-Christian (17 October 2017). "African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 42 (1): 27–54. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653. ISSN 1543-5938. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
Royer, Dana L. (2006). "CO₂-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic" (PDF). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 70 (23): 5665–75. Bibcode:2006GeCoA..70.5665R. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2015.

wesleyan.edu (Global: 7,995^th place; English: 5,143^rd place)

droyer.web.wesleyan.edu

Royer, Dana L. (2006). "CO₂-forced climate thresholds during the Phanerozoic" (PDF). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 70 (23): 5665–75. Bibcode:2006GeCoA..70.5665R. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.11.031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2015.

wikisource.org (Global: 27^th place; English: 51^st place)

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambria" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Gibbard, Philip L.; Head, Martin J.; Walker, Michael J. C.; the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (20 January 2010). "Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma". Journal of Quaternary Science. 25 (2): 96–102. Bibcode:2010JQS....25...96G. doi:10.1002/jqs.1338. ISSN 0267-8179.
Fischer, Alfred G.; Garrison, Robert E. (2009). "The role of the Mediterranean region in the development of sedimentary geology: a historical overview". Sedimentology. 56 (1): 3–41. Bibcode:2009Sedim..56....3F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01009.x. S2CID 128604255.
Xiong, Yi; Wood, Rachel; Pichevin, Laetitia (2023). "The record of sea water chemistry evolution during the Ediacaran–Cambrian from early marine cements". The Depositional Record. 9 (3): 508–525. Bibcode:2023DepRe...9..508X. doi:10.1002/dep2.211. ISSN 2055-4877.

doi.wiley.com

Knoll, Andrew; Walter, Malcolm; Narbonne, Guy; Christie-Blick, Nicholas (2006). "The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale". Lethaia. 39 (1): 13–30. Bibcode:2006Letha..39...13K. doi:10.1080/00241160500409223.
Tanaka, Kenneth L. (1986). "The stratigraphy of Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research. 91 (B13) E139. Bibcode:1986JGR....91E.139T. doi:10.1029/JB091iB13p0E139. ISSN 0148-0227.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Shields, Graham A.; Strachan, Robin A.; Porter, Susannah M.; Halverson, Galen P.; Macdonald, Francis A.; Plumb, Kenneth A.; de Alvarenga, Carlos J.; Banerjee, Dhiraj M.; Bekker, Andrey; Bleeker, Wouter; Brasier, Alexander (2022). "A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale". Journal of the Geological Society. 179 (1): jgs2020–222. Bibcode:2022JGSoc.179..222S. doi:10.1144/jgs2020-222. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 236285974.
Mehta, A; Barker, G C (1 April 1994). "The dynamics of sand". Reports on Progress in Physics. 57 (4): 383–416. Bibcode:1994RPPh...57..383M. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/57/4/002. ISSN 0034-4885.
Michael Allaby (2020). A dictionary of geology and earth sciences (Fifth ed.). Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-187490-1. OCLC 1137380460.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Aubry, Marie-Pierre; Piller, Werner E.; Gibbard, Philip L.; Harper, David A. T.; Finney, Stanley C. (1 March 2022). "Ratification of subseries/subepochs as formal rank/units in international chronostratigraphy". Episodes. 45 (1): 97–99. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021016. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 240772165.
Remane, Jürgen; Bassett, Michael G; Cowie, John W; Gohrbandt, Klaus H; Lane, H Richard; Michelsen, Olaf; Naiwen, Wang; the cooperation of members of ICS (1 September 1996). "Revised guidelines for the establishment of global chronostratigraphic standards by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)". Episodes. 19 (3): 77–81. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1996/v19i3/007. ISSN 0705-3797.
Head, Martin J.; Gibbard, Philip; Salvador, Amos (1 June 2008). "The Quaternary: its character and definition". Episodes. 31 (2): 234–238. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2008/v31i2/009. ISSN 0705-3797.
Gibbard, Philip L.; Head, Martin J.; Walker, Michael J. C.; the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (20 January 2010). "Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma". Journal of Quaternary Science. 25 (2): 96–102. Bibcode:2010JQS....25...96G. doi:10.1002/jqs.1338. ISSN 0267-8179.
Sedgwick, A.; Murchison, R. I. (1 January 1840). "XLIII.--On the Physical Structure of Devonshire, and on the Subdivisions and Geological Relations of its older stratified Deposits, &c". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. s2-5 (3): 633–703. doi:10.1144/transgslb.5.3.633. ISSN 2042-5295. S2CID 128475487.
Murchison, Roderick Impey (1835). "VII. On the silurian system of rocks". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 7 (37): 46–52. doi:10.1080/14786443508648654. ISSN 1941-5966.
Lapworth, Charles (1879). "I.—On the Tripartite Classification of the Lower Palæozoic Rocks". Geological Magazine. 6 (1): 1–15. Bibcode:1879GeoM....6....1L. doi:10.1017/S0016756800156560. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 129165105.
Bassett, Michael G. (1 June 1979). "100 Years of Ordovician Geology". Episodes. 2 (2): 18–21. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1979/v2i2/003. ISSN 0705-3797.
Holmes, Arthur (9 June 1911). "The association of lead with uranium in rock-minerals, and its application to the measurement of geological time". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 85 (578): 248–256. Bibcode:1911RSPSA..85..248H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1911.0036. ISSN 0950-1207.
Sivin, Nathan (1995). Science in ancient China: researches and reflections. Variorum. ISBN 0-86078-492-4. OCLC 956775994.
Adams, Frank D. (1938). The Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-486-26372-X. OCLC 165626104. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
McCurdy, Edward (1938). The notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock. OCLC 2233803.
Hutton, James (1788). "X. Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe ". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 1 (2): 209–304. doi:10.1017/S0080456800029227. ISSN 0080-4568. S2CID 251578886.
Lewis, Cherry L. E. (2001). "Arthur Holmes' vision of a geological timescale". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 121–138. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..121L. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.10. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 128686640.
Soddy, Frederick (4 December 1913). "Intra-atomic Charge". Nature. 92 (2301): 399–400. Bibcode:1913Natur..92..399S. doi:10.1038/092399c0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 3965303.
Holmes, A. (1 January 1959). "A revised geological time-scale". Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society. 17 (3): 183–216. doi:10.1144/transed.17.3.183. ISSN 0371-6260. S2CID 129166282.
"A Revised Geological Time-Scale". Nature. 187 (4731): 27–28. 1960. Bibcode:1960Natur.187T..27.. doi:10.1038/187027d0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4179334.
Harrison, James M. (1 March 1978). "The Roots of IUGS". Episodes. 1 (1): 20–23. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1978/v1i1/005. ISSN 0705-3797.
International Union of Geological Sciences. Commission on Stratigraphy (1986). Guidelines and statutes of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). J. W. Cowie. Frankfurt a.M.: Herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-924500-19-3. OCLC 14352783.
W. B. Harland (1982). A geologic time scale. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24728-4. OCLC 8387993.
W. B. Harland (1990). A geologic time scale 1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38361-7. OCLC 20930970.
F. M. Gradstein; James G. Ogg; A. Gilbert Smith (2004). A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-511-08201-0. OCLC 60770922.
Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; van Kranendonk, Martin (23 July 2008). "On the Geologic Time Scale 2008". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 43 (1): 5–13. Bibcode:2008NewSt..43....5G. doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2008/0043-0005. ISSN 0078-0421.
F. M. Gradstein (2012). The geologic time scale 2012. Volume 2 (1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-59448-8. OCLC 808340848.
Ogg, James G. (2016). A concise geologic time scale 2016. Gabi Ogg, F. M. Gradstein. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-59468-6. OCLC 949988705.
F. M. Gradstein; James G. Ogg; Mark D. Schmitz; Gabi Ogg (2020). Geologic time scale 2020. Amsterdam, Netherlands. ISBN 978-0-12-824361-9. OCLC 1224105111.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Gibbard, Philip L.; Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Ruddiman, William F.; Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Merritts, Dorothy J.; Finney, Stanley C.; Edwards, Lucy E.; Walker, Michael J. C.; Maslin, Mark; Ellis, Erle C. (15 November 2021). "A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch". Episodes. 45 (4): 349–357. Bibcode:2021Episo..45..349G. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021029. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 244165877.
Head, Martin J.; Steffen, Will; Fagerlind, David; Waters, Colin N.; Poirier, Clement; Syvitski, Jaia; Zalasiewicz, Jan A.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; Cearreta, Alejandro; Jeandel, Catherine; Leinfelder, Reinhold (15 November 2021). "The Great Acceleration is real and provides a quantitative basis for the proposed Anthropocene Series/Epoch". Episodes. 45 (4): 359–376. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2021/021031. ISSN 0705-3797. S2CID 244145710.
Zalasiewicz, Jan; Waters, Colin N.; Ellis, Erle C.; Head, Martin J.; Vidas, Davor; Steffen, Will; Thomas, Julia Adeney; Horn, Eva; Summerhayes, Colin P.; Leinfelder, Reinhold; McNeill, J. R. (2021). "The Anthropocene: Comparing Its Meaning in Geology (Chronostratigraphy) with Conceptual Approaches Arising in Other Disciplines". Earth's Future. 9 (3) e2020EF001896. Bibcode:2021EaFut...901896Z. doi:10.1029/2020EF001896. ISSN 2328-4277. S2CID 233816527.
Bauer, Andrew M.; Edgeworth, Matthew; Edwards, Lucy E.; Ellis, Erle C.; Gibbard, Philip; Merritts, Dorothy J. (16 September 2021). "Anthropocene: event or epoch?". Nature. 597 (7876): 332. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..332B. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02448-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34522014. S2CID 237515330.
Subramanian, Meera (21 May 2019). "Anthropocene now: influential panel votes to recognise Earth's new epoch". Nature: d41586–019–01641–5. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01641-5. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32433629. S2CID 182238145.
Hoag, Colin; Svenning, Jens-Christian (17 October 2017). "African Environmental Change from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 42 (1): 27–54. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-102016-060653. ISSN 1543-5938. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
Nengo, Isaiah; Tafforeau, Paul; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Fleagle, John G.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig; Fox, David L.; Feinberg, Josh; Pugh, Kelsey D.; Berruyer, Camille; Mana, Sara (2017). "New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution". Nature. 548 (7666): 169–174. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..169N. doi:10.1038/nature23456. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28796200. S2CID 4397839.
Golonka, Jan (2020). "Late Devonian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Global and Planetary Change. 186 103129. Bibcode:2020GPC...18603129G. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103129. ISSN 0921-8181.
Qie, Wenkun; Algeo, Thomas J.; Luo, Genming; Herrmann, Achim (2019). "Global events of the Late Paleozoic (Early Devonian to Middle Permian): A review". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Global events of the Late Devonian to Early Permian. 531 109259. Bibcode:2019PPP...53109259Q. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109259. ISSN 0031-0182.
Ernst, Richard E.; Rodygin, Sergei A.; Grinev, Oleg M. (2020). "Age correlation of Large Igneous Provinces with Devonian biotic crises". Global and Planetary Change. 185 103097. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503097E. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103097. ISSN 0921-8181.
Golonka, Jan; Porębski, Szczepan J.; Waśkowska, Anna (15 July 2023). "Silurian paleogeography in the framework of global plate tectonics". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 622 111597. Bibcode:2023PPP...62211597G. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111597. ISSN 0031-0182.
Cooper, Roger A.; Sadler, Peter M.; Munnecke, Axel; Crampton, James S. (2014). "Graptoloid evolutionary rates track Ordovician–Silurian global climate change". Geological Magazine. 151 (2): 349–364. Bibcode:2014GeoM..151..349C. doi:10.1017/S0016756813000198. ISSN 0016-7568.
Scotese, Christopher R.; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (1 April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews. 215 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503. ISSN 0012-8252.
Liu, Mu; Bao, Xiujuan; Harper, David A. T.; Algeo, Thomas; Zhao, Mingyu; Saltzman, Matthew; Zhang, Wang; Chen, Daizhao; Yuan, Shuai; Chen, Yihui; Wei, Mengyu; Zhang, Junpeng; Luan, Xiaocong; Zhang, Yuandong; Yang, Xiangrong (1 October 2025). "Diversification to extinction: oceanic and climatic context of the Ordovician". Earth-Science Reviews. 269 105194. Bibcode:2025ESRv..26905194L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105194. ISSN 0012-8252.
Pruss, Sara B.; Gill, Benjamin C. (23 July 2024). "Life on the Edge: The Cambrian Marine Realm and Oxygenation". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (52): 109–132. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..109P. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-070316. ISSN 0084-6597.
Xiong, Yi; Wood, Rachel; Pichevin, Laetitia (2023). "The record of sea water chemistry evolution during the Ediacaran–Cambrian from early marine cements". The Depositional Record. 9 (3): 508–525. Bibcode:2023DepRe...9..508X. doi:10.1002/dep2.211. ISSN 2055-4877.
Myrow, Paul M.; Goodge, John W.; Brock, Glenn A.; Betts, Marissa J.; Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Gaines, Robert R. (29 March 2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13) eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
Williams, Joshua J.; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Lenton, Timothy M. (2019). "A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 2690. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.2690W. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10286-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6584537. PMID 31217418.
Naranjo-Ortiz, Miguel A.; Gabaldón, Toni (25 April 2019). "Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 94 (4). Cambridge Philosophical Society (Wiley): 1443–1476. doi:10.1111/brv.12510. ISSN 1464-7931. PMC 6850671. PMID 31021528. S2CID 131775942.
Žárský, Jakub; Žárský, Vojtěch; Hanáček, Martin; Žárský, Viktor (27 January 2022). "Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle – The Origin of the Anydrophytes and Zygnematophyceae Split". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12 735020. Bibcode:2022FrPS...1235020Z. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.735020. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8829067. PMID 35154170.
Yoon, Hwan Su; Hackett, Jeremiah D.; Ciniglia, Claudia; Pinto, Gabriele; Bhattacharya, Debashish (2004). "A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (5): 809–818. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh075. ISSN 1537-1719. PMID 14963099.
Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..175W. doi:10.1038/35051550. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.
Tanaka, Kenneth L. (1986). "The stratigraphy of Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research. 91 (B13) E139. Bibcode:1986JGR....91E.139T. doi:10.1029/JB091iB13p0E139. ISSN 0148-0227.
Carr, Michael H.; Head, James W. (1 June 2010). "Geologic history of Mars". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Mars Express after 6 Years in Orbit: Mars Geology from Three-Dimensional Mapping by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) Experiment. 294 (3): 185–203. Bibcode:2010E&PSL.294..185C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.042. ISSN 0012-821X.
Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves; Mustard, John F.; Poulet, François; Arvidson, Raymond; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Mangold, Nicolas; Pinet, P.; Forget, F.; Berthé, Michel (21 April 2006). "Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

worldcat.org

McCurdy, Edward (1938). The notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock. OCLC 2233803.

Geologic time scale (English Wikipedia)

afrikibouge.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

annualreviews.org (Global: 3,867th place; English: 3,957th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387th place; English: 373rd place)

bnf.fr (Global: 124th place; English: 544th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

bryant.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcommons.bryant.edu

cambridge.org (Global: 305th place; English: 264th place)

digitalatlasofancientlife.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610th place; English: 704th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

environment.gov.au (Global: 2,543rd place; English: 1,964th place)

geosciml.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

resource.geosciml.org

gutenberg.org (Global: 489th place; English: 377th place)

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

iop.org (Global: 1,725th place; English: 1,828th place)

iopscience.iop.org

linguistlist.org (Global: 9,245th place; English: 6,554th place)

listserv.linguistlist.org

livescience.com (Global: 1,190th place; English: 959th place)

lyellcollection.org (Global: 6,584th place; English: 4,241st place)

sp.lyellcollection.org

trned.lyellcollection.org

maricopa.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

open.maricopa.edu

nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; English: 83rd place)

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

nature.com (Global: 234th place; English: 397th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

oup.com (Global: 485th place; English: 440th place)

academic.oup.com

pbs.org (Global: 198th place; English: 154th place)

rero.ch (Global: 3,510th place; English: 2,263rd place)

doc.rero.ch

schweizerbart.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

science.org (Global: 1,160th place; English: 737th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149th place; English: 178th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 274th place; English: 309th place)

link.springer.com

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,562nd place; English: 3,215th place)

stratigraphy.org

quaternary.stratigraphy.org

tandfonline.com (Global: 507th place; English: 429th place)

washington.edu (Global: 1,067th place; English: 749th place)

astro.washington.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wesleyan.edu (Global: 7,995th place; English: 5,143rd place)

droyer.web.wesleyan.edu

wikisource.org (Global: 27th place; English: 51st place)

en.wikisource.org

wiley.com (Global: 222nd place; English: 297th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

doi.wiley.com

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

worldcat.org

annualreviews.org (Global: 3,867^th place; English: 3,957^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387^th place; English: 373^rd place)

bnf.fr (Global: 124^th place; English: 544^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

environment.gov.au (Global: 2,543^rd place; English: 1,964^th place)

gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

iop.org (Global: 1,725^th place; English: 1,828^th place)

linguistlist.org (Global: 9,245^th place; English: 6,554^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 959^th place)

lyellcollection.org (Global: 6,584^th place; English: 4,241^st place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

rero.ch (Global: 3,510^th place; English: 2,263^rd place)

science.org (Global: 1,160^th place; English: 737^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 149^th place; English: 178^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

stratigraphy.org (Global: 2,562^nd place; English: 3,215^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

washington.edu (Global: 1,067^th place; English: 749^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wesleyan.edu (Global: 7,995^th place; English: 5,143^rd place)

wikisource.org (Global: 27^th place; English: 51^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)