References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Geology of the Himalayas" in the English version

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The fourfold division of Himalayan units has been used since the work of Blanford & Medlicott (1879) and Heim & Gansser (1939). Blanford, W.T.; Medlicott, H.B. (1879). "A manual of the geology of India". Nature. 20 (504). Calcutta: 191. Bibcode:1879Natur..20..191H. doi:10.1038/020191a0. S2CID 45807101. Heim, A.; Gansser, A. (1939). "Central Himalaya; geological observations of the Swiss expedition 1936". Schweizer. Naturf. Ges., Denksch. 73 (1): 245.

Stampfli 2000. Stampfli, G.M. (2000). E. Bozkurt; J.A. Winchester; J.D.A. Piper (eds.). "Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and surrounding area". Geological Society of London, Special Publications. 173: 1–23. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.173.01.01. S2CID 219202298.

Stampfli & Borel 2002. Stampfli, G.M.; Borel, G.D. (28 February 2002). "A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 196 (1): 17–33. Bibcode:2002E&PSL.196...17S. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00588-X.

Burbank et al. 1996. Burbank, Douglas W.; Leland, John; Fielding, Eric; Anderson, Robert S.; Brozovic, Nicholas; Reid, Mary R.; Duncan, Christopher (8 February 1996). "Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas". Nature. 379 (6565): 505–510. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..505B. doi:10.1038/379505a0. S2CID 4362558.

DiPietro & Pogue 2004. DiPietro, Joseph A.; Pogue, Kevin R. (September 2004). "Tectonostratigraphic subdivisions of the Himalaya: A view from the west". Tectonics. 23 (5). American Geophysical Union Publications. Bibcode:2004Tecto..23.5001D. doi:10.1029/2003TC001554. S2CID 129138752.

Ding, Kapp & Wan 2005. Ding, Lin; Kapp, Paul; Wan, Xiaoqiao (6 May 2005). "Paleocene-Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India-Asia collision, south central Tibet". Tectonics. 24 (3): TC3001. Bibcode:2005Tecto..24.3001D. doi:10.1029/2004TC001729. S2CID 39124270.

Klootwijk et al. 1992. Klootwijk, Chris T.; Gee, Jeff S.; Peirce, John W.; Smith, Guy M.; McFadden, Phil L. (May 1992). "An early India-Asia contact: Paleomagnetic constraints from Ninetyeast Ridge, ODP Leg 121". Geology. 20 (5): 395–398. Bibcode:1992Geo....20..395K. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0395:AEIACP>2.3.CO;2.

Achache, Courtillot & Xiu 1984. Achache, José; Courtillot, Vincent; Xiu, Zhou Yao (1984). "Paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of southern Tibet since Middle Cretaceous time: New paleomagnetic data and synthesis". Journal of Geophysical Research. 89 (B12): 10311–10340. Bibcode:1984JGR....8910311A. doi:10.1029/JB089iB12p10311.

Patriat & Achache 1984. Patriat, Philippe; Achache, José (18 October 1984). "India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates". Nature. 311 (5987): 615–621. Bibcode:1984Natur.311..615P. doi:10.1038/311615a0. S2CID 4315858.

Besse et al. 1984. Besse, J.; Courtillot, V.; Pozzi, J.P.; Westphal, M.; Zhou, Y.X. (18 October 1984). "Palaeomagnetic estimates of crustal shortening in the Himalayan thrusts and Zangbo Suture". Nature. 311 (5987): 621–626. Bibcode:1984Natur.311..621B. doi:10.1038/311621a0. S2CID 4333485.

Besse & Courtillot 1988. Besse, Jean; Courtillot, Vincent (10 October 1988). "Paleogeographic maps of the continents bordering the Indian Ocean since the Early Jurassic". Journal of Geophysical Research. 93 (B10): 11791–11808. Bibcode:1988JGR....9311791B. doi:10.1029/JB093iB10p11791. ISSN 0148-0227.

Klootwijk, Conaghan & Powell 1985. Klootwijk, C.T.; Conaghan, P.J.; Powell, C.McA. (October 1985). "The Himalayan Arc: large-scale continental subduction, oroclinal bending and back-arc spreading". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 75 (2–3): 167–183. Bibcode:1985E&PSL..75..167K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90099-8.

Bingham & Klootwijk 1980. Bingham, Douglas K.; Klootwijk, Chris T. (27 March 1980). "Palaeomagnetic constraints on Greater India's underthrusting of the Tibetan Plateau". Nature. 284 (5754): 336–338. Bibcode:1980Natur.284..336B. doi:10.1038/284336a0. S2CID 4279478.

Le Pichon, Fournier & Jolivet 1992. Le Pichon, Xavier; Fournier, Marc; Jolivet, Laurent (1992). "Kinematics, topography, shortening, and extrusion in the India-Eurasia collision". Tectonics. 11 (6): 1085–1098. Bibcode:1992Tecto..11.1085L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.635.2173. doi:10.1029/92TC01566. S2CID 36349751.

Dal Zilio, Luca; Hetényi, György; Hubbard, Judith; Bollinger, Laurent (2 March 2021). "Building the Himalaya from tectonic to earthquake scales". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 2 (4): 251–268. Bibcode:2021NRvEE...2..251D. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00143-1. ISSN 2662-138X. S2CID 232084060.

Kohn, Matthew (2014). "Himalayan Metamorphism and Its Tectonic Implications". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 42 (1): 381–419. Bibcode:2014AREPS..42..381K. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-055005.

Parija, Mahesh Prasad; Kumar, Sushil; Tiwari, V. M.; Biswal, Shubhasmita; Biswas, Arkoprovo; Velliyidathu, Arjun (September 2021). "Coulomb Stress Modeling and Seismicity in the Western Himalaya, India Since 1905: Implications for the Incomplete Ruptures of the Main Himalayan Thrust". Tectonics. 40 (9). doi:10.1029/2020TC006204. ISSN 0278-7407.

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A more modern paleogeographic reconstruction of the Early Permian can be found at "Paleotethys". Université de Lausanne. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011..

A more modern paleogeographic reconstruction of the Permian-Triassic boundary, see "Neotethys". Université de Lausanne. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011..

web.archive.org

A more modern paleogeographic reconstruction of the Early Permian can be found at "Paleotethys". Université de Lausanne. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011..

A more modern paleogeographic reconstruction of the Permian-Triassic boundary, see "Neotethys". Université de Lausanne. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011..

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Geology of the Himalayas (English Wikipedia)

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