Neproshin, A. Ju. (16–17 May 2006), Абхазия. Проблемы международного признания [Abkhazia. Problems of international recognition] (in Russian), MGIMO, archived from the original on 3 September 2008, retrieved 2 September 2008.
britannica.com
"Abkhazia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
"Abkhazia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
Neproshin, A. Ju. (16–17 May 2006), Абхазия. Проблемы международного признания [Abkhazia. Problems of international recognition] (in Russian), MGIMO, archived from the original on 3 September 2008, retrieved 2 September 2008.
worldcat.org
search.worldcat.org
Richard Hovannisian (1997), The Armenian people from ancient to modern times, St. Martin's Press, pp. 292–293, ISBN978-0-333-61974-2, OCLC312951712 (Armenian Perspective)
Ezel Kural Shaw (1977), Reform, revolution and republic : the rise of modern Turkey (1808-1975), History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, p. 326, OCLC78646544 (Turkish Perspective)