German Shepherd (English Wikipedia)

"Breeds and Matching Process". An International Guiding Eyes Program. Guide Dogs of America. 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2013.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo; Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024). "Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy". Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 225. Elsevier BV: 106155. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155. hdl:11585/961937. ISSN 0167-5877. PMID 38394961.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
Fels, L.; Distl, O. (2014). "Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German shepherd dogs". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): 1–8. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996618F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096618. PMC 4011879. PMID 24802516.
Oberbauer, A. M.; Keller, G. G.; Famula, T. R. (24 February 2017). "Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds". PLOS ONE. 12 (2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0172918. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272918O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172918. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5325577. PMID 28234985.
Voorbij, Annemarie M. W. Y.; van Steenbeek, Frank G.; Vos-Loohuis, Manon; Martens, Ellen E. C. P.; Hanson-Nilsson, Jeanette M.; van Oost, Bernard A.; Kooistra, Hans S.; Leegwater, Peter A. (23 November 2011). "A Contracted DNA Repeat in LHX3 Intron 5 Is Associated with Aberrant Splicing and Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27940. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...627940V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027940. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3223203. PMID 22132174.

highlandcanine.com

Staff, HK9 (31 January 2021). "15 Of The Fastest Dog Breeds In The World". Highland Canine Training. Retrieved 10 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bailey, Chad M.; Hinchcliff, Katharine M.; Moore, Zachary; Pu, Lee L.Q. (November 2020). "Dog Bites in the United States from 1971 to 2018: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 146 (5): 1166–1176. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007253. PMID 33136964. S2CID 225080998.
Steffen, F.; Hunold, K.; Scharf, G.; Roos, M.; Flückiger, M. (2007). "A follow-up study of neurologic and radiographic findings in working German Shepherd Dogs with and without degenerative lumbosacral stenosis". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 231 (10): 1529–1533. doi:10.2460/javma.231.10.1529. PMID 18020994.
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo; Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024). "Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy". Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 225. Elsevier BV: 106155. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155. hdl:11585/961937. ISSN 0167-5877. PMID 38394961.
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, å; Olson, P (30 September 2005). "Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 46 (3): 121–136. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121. ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 1624818. PMID 16261925.
Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015). "Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds" (PDF). The Veterinary Journal. 203 (1): 74–78. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008. PMID 25475165. S2CID 27631883.
Holder, A. L.; Price, J. A.; Adams, J. P.; Volk, H. A.; Catchpole, B. (2014). "A retrospective study of the prevalence of the canine degenerative myelopathy associated superoxide dismutase 1 mutation (SOD1:c.118G > A) in a referral population of German Shepherd dogs from the UK" (PDF). Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 1: 10. doi:10.1186/2052-6687-1-10. PMC 4579386. PMID 26401327. S2CID 10326107.
Fels, L.; Distl, O. (2014). "Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German shepherd dogs". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): 1–8. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996618F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096618. PMC 4011879. PMID 24802516.
Ondreka, N.; Amort, K.H.; Stock, K.F.; Tellhelm, B.; Klumpp, S.W.; Kramer, M.; Schmidt, M.J. (2013). "Skeletal morpohology and morphometry of the lumbosacral junction in German shepherd dogs and an evaluation of the possible genetic basis for radiographic findings". The Veterinary Journal. 196 (1): 64–70. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.015. PMID 22921082.
Oberbauer, A. M.; Keller, G. G.; Famula, T. R. (24 February 2017). "Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds". PLOS ONE. 12 (2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0172918. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272918O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172918. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5325577. PMID 28234985.
Witsberger, Tige H.; Villamil, J. Armando; Schultz, Loren G.; Hahn, Allen W.; Cook, James L. (15 June 2008). "Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 232 (12): 1818–1824. doi:10.2460/javma.232.12.1818. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 18598150.
Voorbij, Annemarie M. W. Y.; van Steenbeek, Frank G.; Vos-Loohuis, Manon; Martens, Ellen E. C. P.; Hanson-Nilsson, Jeanette M.; van Oost, Bernard A.; Kooistra, Hans S.; Leegwater, Peter A. (23 November 2011). "A Contracted DNA Repeat in LHX3 Intron 5 Is Associated with Aberrant Splicing and Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27940. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...627940V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027940. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3223203. PMID 22132174.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, å; Olson, P (30 September 2005). "Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 46 (3): 121–136. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121. ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 1624818. PMID 16261925.
Holder, A. L.; Price, J. A.; Adams, J. P.; Volk, H. A.; Catchpole, B. (2014). "A retrospective study of the prevalence of the canine degenerative myelopathy associated superoxide dismutase 1 mutation (SOD1:c.118G > A) in a referral population of German Shepherd dogs from the UK" (PDF). Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 1: 10. doi:10.1186/2052-6687-1-10. PMC 4579386. PMID 26401327. S2CID 10326107.
Fels, L.; Distl, O. (2014). "Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German shepherd dogs". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): 1–8. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...996618F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096618. PMC 4011879. PMID 24802516.
Oberbauer, A. M.; Keller, G. G.; Famula, T. R. (24 February 2017). "Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds". PLOS ONE. 12 (2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0172918. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272918O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172918. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5325577. PMID 28234985.
Voorbij, Annemarie M. W. Y.; van Steenbeek, Frank G.; Vos-Loohuis, Manon; Martens, Ellen E. C. P.; Hanson-Nilsson, Jeanette M.; van Oost, Bernard A.; Kooistra, Hans S.; Leegwater, Peter A. (23 November 2011). "A Contracted DNA Repeat in LHX3 Intron 5 Is Associated with Aberrant Splicing and Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27940. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...627940V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027940. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3223203. PMID 22132174.

nsw.gov.au

dlg.nsw.gov.au

"Reported Dog Attack Survey" (PDF). New South Wales Department of Local Government. 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2008.

olg.nsw.gov.au

"Council Reports of Dog Attacks in NSW 2011/2012" (PDF). New South Wales Department of Local Government. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

nytimes.com

"Ban on Police Dogs in Queens Urged by Magistrate Conway". The New York Times. 7 January 1925 – via NYTimes.com.

nzherald.co.nz

"It's a dog's life in the Army". The New Zealand Herald. 22 July 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.

nzkc.org.nz

"Breed Standard — German Shepherd". New Zealand Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2008. While the dog should be approachable and friendly, he does not make immediate friendships with strangers.

offa.org

"Hip Dysplasia Statistics". Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. 2009. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009.

ourdogs.co.uk

"KC confirms position on German Shepherds". Our Dogs-UK. Retrieved 11 September 2015.

pdsa.org.uk

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"Finn receives PDSA Gold Medal at PDSA's first ever music festival". People's Dispensary for Sick Animals. Retrieved 12 February 2022.

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"List of films with German Shepherds". Archived from the original on 16 February 2015.

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rvc.ac.uk

researchonline.rvc.ac.uk

Holder, A. L.; Price, J. A.; Adams, J. P.; Volk, H. A.; Catchpole, B. (2014). "A retrospective study of the prevalence of the canine degenerative myelopathy associated superoxide dismutase 1 mutation (SOD1:c.118G > A) in a referral population of German Shepherd dogs from the UK" (PDF). Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 1: 10. doi:10.1186/2052-6687-1-10. PMC 4579386. PMID 26401327. S2CID 10326107.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bailey, Chad M.; Hinchcliff, Katharine M.; Moore, Zachary; Pu, Lee L.Q. (November 2020). "Dog Bites in the United States from 1971 to 2018: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 146 (5): 1166–1176. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007253. PMID 33136964. S2CID 225080998.
Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015). "Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds" (PDF). The Veterinary Journal. 203 (1): 74–78. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008. PMID 25475165. S2CID 27631883.
Holder, A. L.; Price, J. A.; Adams, J. P.; Volk, H. A.; Catchpole, B. (2014). "A retrospective study of the prevalence of the canine degenerative myelopathy associated superoxide dismutase 1 mutation (SOD1:c.118G > A) in a referral population of German Shepherd dogs from the UK" (PDF). Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 1: 10. doi:10.1186/2052-6687-1-10. PMC 4579386. PMID 26401327. S2CID 10326107.

theguardian.com

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thekennelclub.org.uk

"Change of Name – German Shepherd Dog". The Kennel Club. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
"German Shepherd Dogs – The Soundness Issue". The Kennel Club. 8 February 2010. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
"German Shepherd Dogs – Judges Training Programme". The Kennel Club. 16 February 2010. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
"German Shepherd Dog Health". The Kennel Club. Breed Information Centre. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
"Top Twenty Breeds in Registration Order for the Years 2015 and 2016" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

ufaw.org.uk

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vdh.de

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"GSD Info". Vonziü German Shepherds. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2017.

web.archive.org

Deutscher Schäferhund (Langstockhaar) Archived 26 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine (in German). Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen. Accessed July 2020.
"History of the breed". German Shepherds.com. 30 December 2007. Archived from the original on 1 June 2008.
"Change of Name – German Shepherd Dog". The Kennel Club. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
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"FCI Standard No 166". Australian National Kennel Council. 23 March 1991. Archived from the original on 15 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
"Breed Standard for the White German Shepherd Dog", White German Shepherd Dog Club of America, Inc., September 1997, archived from the original on 1 May 2013
"Rasse-Lexikon Deutscher Schäferhund". Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (in German). Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
"GSD Info". Vonziü German Shepherds. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
"About the Breed". White Paws: German Shepherd. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
"German Shepherd Dog and Puppy Training Tips from the German Shepherd Dog Club of America". gsdca.org. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
"Breed Standard — German Shepherd". New Zealand Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 19 July 2008. While the dog should be approachable and friendly, he does not make immediate friendships with strangers.
"Reported Dog Attack Survey" (PDF). New South Wales Department of Local Government. 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
"Council Reports of Dog Attacks in NSW 2011/2012" (PDF). New South Wales Department of Local Government. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
Harder, Aimee. "GSD vs. WGSD – It's not a black or white issue!". White German Shepherd Dog Club of America. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2008. As Max von Stephanitz stated, 'A pleasing appearance is desirable, but it can not put the dog's working ability into question.' [...] Max pounded the issue that the German Shepherd was a working breed first and foremost.
"German Shepherd Dogs – The Soundness Issue". The Kennel Club. 8 February 2010. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
"German Shepherd Dogs – Judges Training Programme". The Kennel Club. 16 February 2010. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
"German Shepherd Dog Health". The Kennel Club. Breed Information Centre. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
"Breeds and Matching Process". An International Guiding Eyes Program. Guide Dogs of America. 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
"Guide Dog Breeding and Whelping". Dog Programs. Guide Dogs for the Blind. 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
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"Top Twenty Breeds in Registration Order for the Years 2015 and 2016" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
"Hip Dysplasia Statistics". Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. 2009. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009.
"Genetic welfare problems of companion animals – Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency". Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
"List of films with German Shepherds". Archived from the original on 16 February 2015.

wgsdca.org

"Breed Standard for the White German Shepherd Dog", White German Shepherd Dog Club of America, Inc., September 1997, archived from the original on 1 May 2013
Harder, Aimee. "GSD vs. WGSD – It's not a black or white issue!". White German Shepherd Dog Club of America. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2008. As Max von Stephanitz stated, 'A pleasing appearance is desirable, but it can not put the dog's working ability into question.' [...] Max pounded the issue that the German Shepherd was a working breed first and foremost.

whitepawsgsr.com

"About the Breed". White Paws: German Shepherd. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Skabelund, Aaron (June 2008). "Breeding racism: The imperial battlefields of the 'German' shepherd dog" (PDF). Society and Animals. 16 (4): 355. doi:10.1163/156853008X357676. ISSN 1063-1119 – via AnimalsAndSociety.org.
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo; Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024). "Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy". Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 225. Elsevier BV: 106155. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155. hdl:11585/961937. ISSN 0167-5877. PMID 38394961.
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, å; Olson, P (30 September 2005). "Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 46 (3): 121–136. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121. ISSN 1751-0147. PMC 1624818. PMID 16261925.
Oberbauer, A. M.; Keller, G. G.; Famula, T. R. (24 February 2017). "Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds". PLOS ONE. 12 (2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0172918. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1272918O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172918. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5325577. PMID 28234985.
Witsberger, Tige H.; Villamil, J. Armando; Schultz, Loren G.; Hahn, Allen W.; Cook, James L. (15 June 2008). "Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 232 (12): 1818–1824. doi:10.2460/javma.232.12.1818. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 18598150.
Voorbij, Annemarie M. W. Y.; van Steenbeek, Frank G.; Vos-Loohuis, Manon; Martens, Ellen E. C. P.; Hanson-Nilsson, Jeanette M.; van Oost, Bernard A.; Kooistra, Hans S.; Leegwater, Peter A. (23 November 2011). "A Contracted DNA Repeat in LHX3 Intron 5 Is Associated with Aberrant Splicing and Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27940. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...627940V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027940. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3223203. PMID 22132174.