German revolution of 1918–1919 (English Wikipedia)

"Thronrede Kaiser Wilhelms II. vor den Abgeordneten des Reichstags, 4. August 1914" [Emperor Wilhelm II's Speech from the Throne to the Reichstag Representatives, 4 August 1914]. 100(0) Schlüsseldokumente (in German). Retrieved 8 January 2024.
Nagornaja, Oksana. "Gesetz über den vaterländischen Hilfsdienst, 5. Dezember 1916" [Auxiliary Services Act, 5 December 1916]. 100(0) Schlüsseldokumente (in German). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
"Rat der Volksbeauftragten, Aufruf "An das deutsche Volk", 12. November 1918" [Council of the People's Deputies, Proclamation "To the German People", 12 November 1918]. 100(0) Schlüsseldokumente (in German). Retrieved 1 March 2024.

1914-1918-online.net

encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net

Krumeich, Gerd (11 October 2016). Daniel, Ute; Gatrell, Peter; Janz, Oliver; Jones, Heather; Keene, Jennifer; Kramer, Alan; Nasson, Bill (eds.). "Burgfrieden/Union sacrée". 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
Oppelland, Torsten (2 June 2016). Daniel, Ute; Gatrell, Peter; Janz, Oliver; Jones, Heather; Keene, Jennifer; Kramer, Alan; Nasson, Bill (eds.). "Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Germany)". 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
Bruendel, Steffen (8 October 2014). Daniel, Ute; Gatrell, Peter; Janz, Oliver; Jones, Heather; Keene, Jennifer; Kramer, Alan; Nasson, Bill (eds.). "Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Germany)". 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
Jones, Mark (19 May 2016). Daniel, Ute; Gatrell, Peter; Janz, Oliver; Jones, Heather; Keene, Jennifer; Kramer, Alan; Nasson, Bill (eds.). "Kiel Mutiny". 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
Dowe, Christopher (8 October 2014). Daniel, Ute; Gatrell, Peter; Janz, Oliver; Jones, Heather; Keene, Jennifer; Kramer, Alan; Nasson, Bill (eds.). "Erzberger, Matthias". 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
Barth, Boris (8 October 2014). Daniel, Ute; Gatrell, Peter; Janz, Oliver; Jones, Heather; Keene, Jennifer; Kramer, Alan; Nasson, Bill (eds.). "Stab-in-the-back Myth". 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

bavarikon.de

"The End of Monarchy". Bavarikon. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

bbc.co.uk

Kitchen, Martin (17 February 2011). "The Ending of World War One, and the Legacy of Peace". BBC. Retrieved 23 January 2023.

bernhard-sauer-historiker.de

Sauer, Bernhard (2018). "Der "Spartakusaufstand". Legende und Wirklichkeit" [The "Spartacus Uprising". Legends and Reality] (PDF). Bernhard Sauer – Historiker (in German). p. 112. Retrieved 20 March 2024.

books.google.com

Ghanem, Michael (2019). Im Würgegriff der politischen Parteien. Teil 1: Im Jahr 2019 [In the Stranglehold of the Political Parties. Part 1: In the Year 2019] (in German). Ahrensburg: tredition. pp. ebook. ISBN 978-3-7482-7933-4.
Herwig, Holger H. (2014). The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 429–430. ISBN 978-1472510815.
Peterson, Larry (2013). German Communism, Workers' Protest, and Labor Unions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 39. ISBN 978-9401116442.
Ostrowski, Marius S. (2019). Eduard Bernstein on the German Revolution. Selected Historical Writings. Berlin: Springer International. p. 138. ISBN 9783030277192.
Wrobel, Kurt (1968). "Heinrich Dorrenbach – Soldat der Revolution" [Heinrich Dorrenbach – Soldier of the Revolution]. Zeitschrift für Militärgeschichte Volume 7 (in German). Berlin: Deutscher Militärverlag. p. 480.
Oeckel, Heinz (1968). "Volkswehrbewegung und Novemberrevolution" [People's Defence Movement and the November Revolution]. Zeitschrift für Militärgeschichte Volume 7 (in German). Berlin: Deutscher Militärverlag. p. 539.
Ziemann, Benjamin; Rossol, Nadine, eds. (2022). The Oxford Handbook of the Weimar Republic. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0198845775.
Daimagüler, Mehmet Gürcan; von Münchhausen, Ernst (2021). Das rechte Recht. Die deutsche Justiz und ihre Auseinandersetzung mit alten und neuen Nazis [Right-wing Justice. The German Judiciary and its Confrontation with Old and New Nazis] (in German). Munich: Penguin Random House Verlagsgruppe GmbH. p. 26. ISBN 9783641259259.

bpb.de

Sturm, Reinhard (23 December 2011). "Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik 1918/19" [From Empire to Republic 1918/19]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). Retrieved 23 January 2024.
Sturm, Reinhard (23 December 2011). "Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik 1918/19" [From Empire to Republic 1918/19]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). Retrieved 25 January 2024.
Sturm, Reinhard (23 December 2011). "Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik 1918/19" [From Empire to Republic 1918/19]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). Retrieved 22 February 2024.
Gallus, Alexander (13 September 2018). "Die deutsche Revolution 1918/19 - Politische Spannungen und Grundentscheidungen" [The German Revolution 1918/19 - Political Tensions and Fundamental Decisions]. Bundeszentrale für politishe Bildung (in German). Retrieved 22 February 2024.
Gallus, Alexander (13 September 2018). "Die deutsche Revolution 1918/19" [The German Revolution 1918/19]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). Retrieved 3 January 2024.
"Vor 100 Jahren: Weimarer Nationalversammlung" [100 Years Ago: The Weimar National Assembly]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). 31 January 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2024.

britannica.com

Görlitz, Walter Otto Julius (16 December 2023). "Erich Ludendorff". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
"Kapp Putsch". Encyclopedia Britannica. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
"Organisation Konsul". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 30 March 2024.

das-parlament.de

Piper, Ernst (23 July 2018). "Deutscher Umsturz" [German Coup]. Das Parlament (in German).

deutschegeschichten.de

"Deutsche Revolution: Weihnachtskämpfe" [German Revolution: Christmas Battles]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). Retrieved 4 March 2024.

dhm.de

Asmuss, Burkhard (8 June 2011). "Das Hindenburg-Programm". Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
Kalmbach, Karena (10 June 2003). "Der Januarstreik 1918" [The January Strike 1918]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 18 April 2024.
Kalmbach, Karena (6 September 2014). "Die Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (USPD)" [The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 30 December 2023.
Scriba, Arnulf (15 August 2015). "Der Matrosenaufstand 1918" [The 1918 Sailors' Uprising]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 8 February 2024.
Scriba, Arnulf (15 August 2015). "Die Revolution von 1918/19". Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin (in German). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
Scriba, Arnulf (14 September 2014). "Vollzugsrat". Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
Scriba, Arnulf (10 May 2011). "Das Stinnes-Legien-Abkommen" [The Stinnes-Legien Agreement]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 1 March 2024.
Scriba, Arnulf (1 September 2014). "Die Weihnachtskämpfe 1918" [The Christmas Battles 1918]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 4 March 2024.
Scriba, Arnulf (1 September 2014). "Die Märzkämpfe 1919" [The March Battles 1919]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 22 March 2024.
Altmann, Gerhard (11 April 2000). "Die Wahlen zur Nationalversammlung" [The Elections to the National Assembly]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
Altmann, Gerhard; Schweinoch, Oliver (2 August 2018). "Die Nationalversammlung" [The National Assembly]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
Scriba, Arnulf (1 September 2014). "Die Verfassung der Weimarer Republik" [The Constitution of the Weimar Republic]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2024.
Albrecht, Kai-Britt (14 September 2014). "Friedrich Ebert". Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 7 January 2024.
Wulfert, Anja (22 January 2002). "Der Märzaufstand 1920" [The March Uprising 1920]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 30 March 2024.
Leicht, Johannes (14 September 2014). "Die Märzkämpfe in Mitteldeutschland 1921" [The March Battles in Central Germany 1921]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 30 March 2024.
Scriba, Arnulf (2 September 2014). "Außenpolitik – Verständigungspolitik: Der Ausgleich mit dem Westen" [Foreign policy – A policy of understanding: Compromise with the West]. Deutsches Historisches Museum (in German). Retrieved 31 March 2024.

doi.org

Winkler, Heinrich August (May–June 1990). "Choosing the Lesser Evil: The German Social Democrats and the Fall of the Weimar Republic". Journal of Contemporary History. 25 (2/3): 219. doi:10.1177/002200949002500203. JSTOR 260730.
Cinar, Meral Ugur; Cinar, Kursat (2014). "The Second International: The Impact of Domestic Factors on International Organization Dysfunction". Political Studies. 62 (3): 669–685. doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12062. S2CID 54019053 – via Sage Journals.
Wheeler-Bennett, John W. (January 1940). "From Brest-Litovsk to Brest-Litovsk". Foreign Affairs. 18 (2). Council on Foreign Relations: 199. doi:10.2307/20028991. JSTOR 20028991.

fes.de

erinnerungsorte.fes.de

"Vaterlandlose Gesellen" [Men Without a Fatherland]. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (in German). 18 May 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2024.

collections.fes.de

"Vorwärts 15 Februar 1918". FES Historische Presse. Retrieved 28 January 2024.

ghi-dc.org

ghdi.ghi-dc.org

"The Erfurt Program (1891)". German History in Documents and Images (GHDI). Retrieved 16 April 2024.

herne-damals-heute.de

Kozicki, Norbert Kozicki. "Die Essener Sozialisierungsbewegung und ihr Ende (Januar/Februar 1919)" [The Essen Socialisation Movement and its End (January/February 1919)]. Herne von damals bis heute (in German). Retrieved 22 March 2024.

jacobin.de

Lange, Dietmar (14 February 2022). "Wie die erste deutsche Sozialisierungskommission scheiterte" [How the First German Socialisation Commission Failed]. Jacobin (in German). Retrieved 2 March 2024.

jstor.org

Winkler, Heinrich August (May–June 1990). "Choosing the Lesser Evil: The German Social Democrats and the Fall of the Weimar Republic". Journal of Contemporary History. 25 (2/3): 219. doi:10.1177/002200949002500203. JSTOR 260730.
Wheeler-Bennett, John W. (January 1940). "From Brest-Litovsk to Brest-Litovsk". Foreign Affairs. 18 (2). Council on Foreign Relations: 199. doi:10.2307/20028991. JSTOR 20028991.
Larsen, Daniel (June 2013). "Abandoning Democracy: Woodrow Wilson and Promoting German Democracy, 1918-1919". Diplomatic History. 34 (3): 487. JSTOR 44254305.
Gusy, Christoph (19 August 1994). "Die Entstehung der Weimarer Reichsverfassung" [The Genesis of the Weimar Constitution]. JuristenZeitung (in German). 49 (15/16): 757. JSTOR 20822634.

mdr.de

"So waren die "Goldenen Zwanziger" wirklich" [What the "Golden Twenties" were really like]. Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (in German). 29 September 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

preussenchronik.de

"Vaterlandslose Gesellen" [Men Without a Fatherland]. Preussen Chronik (in German). 21 May 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2024.

prussia.online

Jeffrey, Verhey (2003). The Spirit of 1914. Militarism,Myth,and Mobilization in Germany (PDF). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 20.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cinar, Meral Ugur; Cinar, Kursat (2014). "The Second International: The Impact of Domestic Factors on International Organization Dysfunction". Political Studies. 62 (3): 669–685. doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12062. S2CID 54019053 – via Sage Journals.

spiegel.de

"November 1918: "Kartoffeln - keine Revolution"" [November 1918: "Potatoes - not a Revolution"]. Der Spiegel (in German). 24 November 1968. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
Kröger, Martin (6 November 2008). "Novemberrevolution: Rotes Tuch für Steinmeier" [November Revolution: Red Cloth for Steinmeier]. Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 3 January 2024.

uni-bremen.de

deutschlandstudien.uni-bremen.de

Hans Rudolf, Wahl (2018). "Novemberrevolution, Räterepublik und Demokratiegründung in Bremen" [November Revolution, Soviet Republic and Founding of Democracy in Bremen]. In Lehnert, Detlef (ed.). Revolution in Norddeutschland [Revolution in North Germany] (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Metropol Verlag. pp. 210–211.

ushmm.org

encyclopedia.ushmm.org

"Article 48". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
"Beer Hall Putsch (Munich Putsch)". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 30 March 2024.

wahlen-in-deutschland.de

"Wahlen in Deutschland bis 1918: Reichstagswahlen" [Elections in Germany Until 1918: Reichstag Elections]. Wahlen in Deutschland (in German). Retrieved 7 January 2024.

weimarer-republik.net

"Scheidemann: "Welche Hand müßte nicht verdorren, die sich und uns in diese Fesseln legt?"" [Scheidemann: "What hand should not wither that puts itself and us in these fetters?"]. Die Weimarer Republik – Deutschlands erste Demokratie (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2024.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Huber, Ernst Rudolf (1978). Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789 [German Constitutional History since 1789] (in German). Vol. V. Weltkrieg, Revolution und Reichserneuerung: 1914–1919 [World War, Revolution and Reich Renewal: 1914–1919]. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer. p. 590. ISSN 0066-6505.

zum.de

"Der Ablauf der politischen Ereignisse in Deutschland vom November 1918 bis zur Wahl Eberts als Reichspräsident im Februar 1919" [The course of political events in Germany from November 1918 to the election of Ebert as Reich President in February 1919]. Zentrale für Unterrichtsmedien im Internet e.V. (ZUM) (in German). Retrieved 27 January 2024.