Germanium (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Germanium" in English language version.

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Halford, Bethany (2003). "Germanium". Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-08-22.

americanelements.com

"Germanium (Ge) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®". American Elements: The Materials Science Company. Retrieved 2024-10-04.

archive.org

Ades TB, ed. (2009). "Germanium". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 360–363. ISBN 978-0944235713.

archive.today

"Editor's Scientific Record". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. 55 (325): 152–153. June 1877. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2008-09-22.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

arxiv.org

Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (2018-08-27). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942. Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 118627298.
Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). "Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55–L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516. Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L..55S. doi:10.1086/344473. S2CID 119395123.
Diehl, R.; Prantzos, N.; Vonballmoos, P. (2006). "Astrophysical constraints from gamma-ray spectroscopy". Nuclear Physics A. 777 (2006): 70–97. arXiv:astro-ph/0502324. Bibcode:2006NuPhA.777...70D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.256.9318. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.155. S2CID 2360391.
Sigillito, A. J.; Jock, R. M.; Tyryshkin, A. M.; Beeman, J. W.; Haller, E. E.; Itoh, K. M.; Lyon, S. A. (2015-12-07). "Electron Spin Coherence of Shallow Donors in Natural and Isotopically Enriched Germanium". Physical Review Letters. 115 (24): 247601. arXiv:1506.05767. Bibcode:2015PhRvL.115x7601S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.247601. PMID 26705654. S2CID 13299377.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung". J. Prak. Chemie (in German). 36 (1): 177–209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008.
de Boisbaudran, M. Lecoq (1886). "Sur le poids atomique du germanium". Comptes Rendus (in French). 103: 452. Archived from the original on 2013-06-20. Retrieved 2008-08-20.

cam.ac.uk

sp.phy.cam.ac.uk

"SiGe History". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2008-08-05. Retrieved 2008-08-22.

chemistryviews.org

"New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

ciaaw.org

"Standard Atomic Weights: Germanium". CIAAW. 2009.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

China hits back in the chip war, imposing export curbs on crucial raw materials, CNN, 3 July 2023.

computerhistory.org

"1941 – Semiconductor diode rectifiers serve in WW II". Computer History Museum. Archived from the original on 2008-09-24. Retrieved 2008-08-22.

cornell.edu

cdl.library.cornell.edu

"Editor's Scientific Record". Harper's New Monthly Magazine. 55 (325): 152–153. June 1877. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
"Germanium, a New Non-Metallic Element". The Manufacturer and Builder: 181. 1887. Archived from the original on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-08-20.

degruyter.com

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

deutsche-rohstoffagentur.de

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2018-10-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

doi.org

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
Avarmaa, Katri; Klemettinen, Lassi; O’Brien, Hugh; Taskinen, Pekka; Jokilaakso, Ari (June 2019). "Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements". Minerals. 9 (6): 367. Bibcode:2019Mine....9..367A. doi:10.3390/min9060367.
Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung". J. Prak. Chemie (in German). 36 (1): 177–209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
Winkler, Clemens (1887). "Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008.
Adams, J. C. (November 13, 1846). "Explanation of the observed irregularities in the motion of Uranus, on the hypothesis of disturbance by a more distant planet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 149–152. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..149A. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.149. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
Challis, Rev. J. (November 13, 1846). "Account of observations at the Cambridge observatory for detecting the planet exterior to Uranus". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 145–149. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..145C. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.145. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 4, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
Brunck, O. (1886). "Obituary: Clemens Winkler". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 39 (4): 4491–4548. doi:10.1002/cber.190603904164. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
Bardeen, J.; Brattain, W. H. (1948). "The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode". Physical Review. 74 (2): 230–231. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..230B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Teal, Gordon K. (July 1976). "Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621–639. Bibcode:1976ITED...23..621T. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464. S2CID 11910543.
Agnese, R.; Aralis, T.; Aramaki, T.; Arnquist, I. J.; Azadbakht, E.; Baker, W.; Banik, S.; Barker, D.; Bauer, D. A. (2018-08-27). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942. Bibcode:2018ApPhL.113i2101A. doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951. S2CID 118627298.
Lévy, F.; Sheikin, I.; Grenier, B.; Huxley, A. (August 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". Science. 309 (5739): 1343–1346. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1343L. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293. S2CID 38460998.
Givargizov, E. I. (1972). "Morphology of Germanium Whiskers". Kristall und Technik. 7 (1–3): 37–41. doi:10.1002/crat.19720070107.
Tabet, N; Salim, Mushtaq A. (1998). "KRXPS study of the oxidation of Ge(001) surface". Applied Surface Science. 134 (1–4): 275–282. Bibcode:1998ApSS..134..275T. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00251-7.
Tabet, N; Salim, M. A.; Al-Oteibi, A. L. (1999). "XPS study of the growth kinetics of thin films obtained by thermal oxidation of germanium substrates". Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. 101–103: 233–238. Bibcode:1999JESRP.101..233T. doi:10.1016/S0368-2048(98)00451-4.
Xu, Li; Sevov, Slavi C. (1999). "Oxidative Coupling of Deltahedral [Ge₉]⁴⁻ Zintl Ions". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (39): 9245–9246. doi:10.1021/ja992269s.
Bayya, Shyam S.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.; Wojcik, Joshua A. (2002). "Infrared Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 85 (12): 3114–3116. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x.
Drugoveiko, O. P.; Evstrop'ev, K. K.; Kondrat'eva, B. S.; Petrov, Yu. A.; Shevyakov, A. M. (1975). "Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products". Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191–193. Bibcode:1975JApSp..22..191D. doi:10.1007/BF00614256. S2CID 97581394.
Lightstone, A. W.; McIntyre, R. J.; Lecomte, R.; Schmitt, D. (1986). "A Bismuth Germanate-Avalanche Photodiode Module Designed for Use in High Resolution Positron Emission Tomography". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 33 (1): 456–459. Bibcode:1986ITNS...33..456L. doi:10.1109/TNS.1986.4337142. S2CID 682173.
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Sterling, N. C.; Dinerstein, Harriet L.; Bowers, Charles W. (2002). "Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55–L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516. Bibcode:2002ApJ...578L..55S. doi:10.1086/344473. S2CID 119395123.
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harvard.edu
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- Avarmaa, Katri; Klemettinen, Lassi; O’Brien, Hugh; Taskinen, Pekka; Jokilaakso, Ari (June 2019). "Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements". Minerals. 9 (6): 367. Bibcode:2019Mine....9..367A. doi:10.3390/min9060367.
- Adams, J. C. (November 13, 1846). "Explanation of the observed irregularities in the motion of Uranus, on the hypothesis of disturbance by a more distant planet". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7 (9): 149–152. Bibcode:1846MNRAS...7..149A. doi:10.1093/mnras/7.9.149. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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    Tao, S. H.; Bolger, P. M. (June 1997). "Hazard Assessment of Germanium Supplements". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 25 (3): 211–219. doi:10.1006/rtph.1997.1098. PMID 9237323. Archived from the original on 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
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