Giraffe (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Giraffe" in English language version.

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103doi.org

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Skinner, J. D.; Mitchell, G. (2011). "Lung volumes in giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis" (PDF). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 158 (1): 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.003. hdl:2263/16472. PMID 20837156. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
Mitchell, G.; van Sittert, S. J.; Skinner, J. D. (2009). "The structure and function of giraffe jugular vein valves" (PDF). South African Journal of Wildlife Research. 39 (2): 175–180. doi:10.3957/056.039.0210. hdl:2263/13994. S2CID 55201969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2011.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Estes, R. (1992). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. University of California Press. pp. 202–207. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0.
Rafferty, J. P. (2011). Grazers (Britannica Guide to Predators and Prey). Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-61530-336-6.
Kingdon, J. (1997). "Giraffes Giraffidae". The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press. pp. 339–344. ISBN 978-0-12-408355-4.
Bagemihl, B. (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. St. Martin's Press. pp. 391–393. ISBN 978-0-312-19239-6.
Walter, M.; Fournier, A.; Menevaux, D. (2001). "Integrating shape and pattern in mammalian models" (PDF). Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. pp. 317–26. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.10.7622. doi:10.1145/383259.383294. ISBN 978-1-58113-374-5. S2CID 13488215. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
Ringmar, E. (2006). "Audience for a Giraffe: European Expansionism and the Quest for the Exotic" (PDF). Journal of World History. 17 (4): 353–97. doi:10.1353/jwh.2006.0060. JSTOR 20079397. S2CID 143808549. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2008.

arizona.edu (Global: 1,592^nd place; English: 1,119^th place)

bill.srnr.arizona.edu

Simmons, R. E.; Scheepers, L. (1996). "Winning by a Neck: Sexual Selection in the Evolution of Giraffe" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 148 (5): 771–786. Bibcode:1996ANat..148..771S. doi:10.1086/285955. S2CID 84406669. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2004.

awpr.ae (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Exhibits". Al Ain Zoo. 25 February 2003. Archived from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2011.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

Matt McGrath (8 December 2016). "Giraffes facing 'silent extinction' as population plunges". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"Chimpanzees among 33 breeds selected for special protection". BBC News. 28 October 2017. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Őrsi, Tibor (2006). French Linguistic Influence in the Cotton Version of Mandeville's Travels. Tinta Könyvkiadó. p. 113. ISBN 978-963-7094-54-5. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
Groves, C.; Grubb, P. (2011). Ungulate Taxonomy. JHU Press. pp. 68–70. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
Rookmaaker, L. C. (1989). The Zoological Exploration of Southern Africa 1650–1790. CRC Press. ISBN 978-90-6191-867-7. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
Nowak, R.M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1086–1089. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
Shorrocks, B. (2016). The Giraffe: Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour. Wiley. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-118-58747-8.
Charles Foley; Lara Foley; Alex Lobora; Daniela De Luca; Maurus Msuha; Tim R. B. Davenport; Sarah M. Durant (2014). A Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Tanzania. Princeton University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5280-2. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2016.

bradshawfoundation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Dabous Giraffe rock art petrograph". The Bradshaw Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.

brill.com (Global: 1,840^th place; English: 1,115^th place)

Kilroe, Loretta (18 December 2023). "Giants of the Sands: The Giraffe and its Place in Symbolic Vocabulary in the Kingdom of Kush, Sudan". Journal of African Archaeology: 1–20. doi:10.1163/21915784-bja10032. ISSN 1612-1651.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Muller, Z.; Bercovitch, F.; Brand, R.; Brown, D.; Brown, M.; Bolger, D.; Carter, K.; Deacon, F.; Doherty, J.B.; Fennessy, J.; Fennessy, S.; Hussein, A.A.; Lee, D.; Marais, A.; Strauss, M.; Tutchings, A.; Wube, T. (2018) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Giraffa camelopardalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T9194A136266699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T9194A136266699.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Mitchell, G.; Skinner, J. D. (2003). "On the origin, evolution, and phylogeny of giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 58 (1): 51–73. Bibcode:2003TRSSA..58...51M. doi:10.1080/00359190309519935. S2CID 6522531.
Chen, L.; Qiu, Q.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, K. (2019). "Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits". Science. 364 (6446) eaav6202. Bibcode:2019Sci...364.6202C. doi:10.1126/science.aav6202. PMID 31221828.
Danowitz, M.; Vasilyev, A.; Kortlandt, V.; Solounias, V. (2015). "Fossil evidence and stages of elongation of the Giraffa camelopardalis neck". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (10) 150393. Bibcode:2015RSOS....250393D. doi:10.1098/rsos.150393. PMC 4632521. PMID 26587249.
Danowitz, M.; Domalski, R.; Solounias, N. (2015). "The cervical anatomy of Samotherium, an intermediate-necked giraffid". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (11) 150521. Bibcode:2015RSOS....250521D. doi:10.1098/rsos.150521. PMC 4680625. PMID 26716010.
Simmons, R. E.; Scheepers, L. (1996). "Winning by a Neck: Sexual Selection in the Evolution of Giraffe" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 148 (5): 771–786. Bibcode:1996ANat..148..771S. doi:10.1086/285955. S2CID 84406669. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2004.
Janis, C. M. (1993). "Tertiary Mammal Evolution in the Context of Changing Climates, Vegetation, and Tectonic Events". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 24: 467–500. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.24.1.467. JSTOR 2097187.
Ramstein, G.; Fluteau, F.; Besse, J.; Joussaume, S. (1997). "Effect of orogeny, plate motion and land–sea distribution on Eurasian climate change over the past 30 million years". Nature. 386 (6627): 788–795. Bibcode:1997Natur.386..788R. doi:10.1038/386788a0. S2CID 4335003.
Badlangana, L. N.; Adams, J. W.; Manger, P. R. (2009). "The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) cervical vertebral column: A heuristic example in understanding evolutionary processes?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (3): 736–757. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00458.x.
Holmes, B. (2021). "Heads up! The cardiovascular secrets of giraffes". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-051821-2. S2CID 236354545. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
Agaba, M.; Ishengoma, E.; Miller, W. C.; McGrath, B. C.; Hudson, C. N.; Bedoya, R. O. C.; Ratan, A.; Burhans, R.; Chikhi, R.; Medvedev, P.; Praul C. A.; Wu-Cavener, L.; Wood, B.; Robertson, H.; Penfold, L.; Cavener, D. R. (2016). "Giraffe genome sequence reveals clues to its unique morphology and physiology". Nature Communications. 7 11519. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711519A. doi:10.1038/ncomms11519. PMC 4873664. PMID 27187213.
Brown, D. M.; Brenneman R. A.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Pollinger, J. P.; Milá, B.; Georgiadis, N. J.; Louis Jr., E. E.; Grether, G. F.; Jacobs, D. K.; Wayne R. K. (2007). "Extensive population genetic structure in the giraffe". BMC Biology. 5 (1): 57. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-57. PMC 2254591. PMID 18154651.
Dagg, A. I. (1971). "Giraffa camelopardalis" (PDF). Mammalian Species (5): 1–8. doi:10.2307/3503830. JSTOR 3503830. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
Gippoliti, S. (2018). "Impacts of taxonomic inertia for the conservation of African ungulate diversity: an overview". Biological Reviews. 93 (1): 115–130. doi:10.1111/brv.12335. PMID 28429851. S2CID 5189968. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
Fennessy, J.; Bidon, T.; Reuss, F.; Kumar, V.; Elkan, P.; Nilsson, M. A.; Vamberger, M.; Fritz, U.; Janke, A. (2016). "Multi-locus Analyses reveal four giraffe species instead of one". Current Biology. 26 (18): 2543–2549. Bibcode:2016CBio...26.2543F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.036. PMID 27618261. S2CID 3991170.
Petzold, A.; Hassanin, A. (2020). "A comparative approach for species delimitation based on multiple methods of multi-locus DNA sequence analysis: A case study of the genus Giraffa (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla)". PLOS One. 15 (2) e0217956. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1517956P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217956. PMC 7018015. PMID 32053589.
Coimbra, R.T.F.; Winter, S.; Kumar, V.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Gooley, R. M.; Dobrynin, P.; Fennessy, J.; Janke, A. (2021). "Whole-genome analysis of giraffe supports four distinct species". Current Biology. 31 (13): 2929–2938.e5. Bibcode:2021CBio...31E2929C. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.033. PMID 33957077.
Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Marugán-Lobón, Jesús; Chinsamy, Anusuya; Agwanda, Bernard R.; Brown, Michael Butler; Fennessy, Stephanie; Ferguson, Sara; Hoffman, Rigardt; Lala, Fredrick; Muneza, Arthur; Mwebi, Ogeto; Otiende, Moses; Petzold, Alice; Winter, Sven; Zabeirou, Abdoul Razack Moussa; Fennessy, Julian (19 December 2024). "Heads up–Four Giraffa species have distinct cranial morphology". PLOS ONE. 19 (12) e0315043. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0315043. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 11658530. PMID 39700177.
Bertola, L. D.; Quinn, L; Hanghøj, K; Garcia-Erill, E; Rasmussen, S. M.; Meisner, J; Bøggild, T; Wang, X; Lin, L; Nursyifa, C; Liu, X; Li, Z; Chege, M; Moodley, Y; Brüniche-Olsen, A; Kuja, J; Schubert, M; Agaba, M; Santander, C. G.; Sinding, M-H. S.; Muwanika, V; Masembe, C; Siegismund, H. R.; Moltke, I; Albrechtsen, A; Heller, R. (2024). "Giraffe lineages are shaped by major ancient admixture events". Current Biology. 34 (7): 1576–1586.e5. Bibcode:2024CBio...34E1576B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.051. PMID 38479386.
Hassanin, A.; Ropiquet, A.; Gourmand, B.-L.; Chardonnet, B.; Rigoulet, J. (2007). "Mitochondrial DNA variability in Giraffa camelopardalis: consequences for taxonomy, phylogeography and conservation of giraffes in West and Central Africa". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 330 (3): 173–183. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.02.008. PMID 17434121.
Fennessy, S.; Fennessy, J.; Muller, Z.; Brown, M.; Marais, A. (2018). "Giraffa camelopardalis ssp. rothschildi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T174469A51140829. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T174469A51140829.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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Bock, F.; Fennessy, J.; Bidon, T.; Tutchings, A.; Marais, A.; Deacon, F.; Janke, A. (2014). "Mitochondrial sequences reveal a clear separation between Angolan and South African giraffe along a cryptic rift valley". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 219. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14..219B. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0219-7. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4207324. PMID 25927851.
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Brenneman, R. A.; Louis, E. E. Jr.; Fennessy, J. (2009). "Genetic structure of two populations of the Namibian giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis". African Journal of Ecology. 47 (4): 720–728. Bibcode:2009AfJEc..47..720B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01078.x.
Lee, D. E.; Cavener, D. R.; Bond, M. L. (2018). "Seeing spots: quantifying mother-offspring similarity and assessing fitness consequences of coat pattern traits in a wild population of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)". PeerJ. 6 e5690. doi:10.7717/peerj.5690. PMC 6173159. PMID 30310743.
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Skinner, J. D.; Mitchell, G. (2011). "Lung volumes in giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis" (PDF). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 158 (1): 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.003. hdl:2263/16472. PMID 20837156. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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