Gloucester City, New Jersey (English Wikipedia)

Official Election Results 2022 General Election November 8, 2022, Camden County, New Jersey, as of November 21, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
2021 General Election November 2, 2021 Official Election Results, Camden County, New Jersey, update November 15, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
2020 General Election November 3, 2020 Official Election Results, Camden County, New Jersey, update November 20, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
About the Board of Commissioners, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Louis Cappelli, Jr., Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Edward T. McDonnell, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Virginia Betteridge, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Al Dyer, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023. As of date accessed, incorrect term dates are listed.
Melinda Kane, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023. As of date accessed, incorrect term dates are listed.
Jeffrey L. Nash, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Jonathan L. Young Sr., Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Official Election Results 2022 General Election November 8, 2022, Camden County, New Jersey, as of November 21, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
Official Election Results 2021 General Election November 2, 2021, Camden County, New Jersey, updated November 15, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
Official Election Results 2020 General Election November 3, 2020, Camden County, New Jersey, updated November 20, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
County Clerk Joseph Ripa, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Sheriff Gilbert "Whip" Wilson, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023. As of date accessed, incorrect term dates are listed.
Surrogate Michelle Gentek-Mayer, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Your Government, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Charles H. Billingham Sheriff Archived January 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed October 14, 2013. "He previously held public office for nearly four years as a Councilman and Mayor of Gloucester City.... A resident of Gloucester City with his wife Marion and their two sons, Chuckie and Michael, Sheriff Billingham's commitment to the citizens of Camden County is governed by his concern for family and community."

census.gov

US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
QuickFacts Gloucester city, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 11, 2022.
U.S. Census website, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.

factfinder.census.gov

DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Gloucester City city, Camden County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 30, 2012.
DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Gloucester City city, Camden County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed October 4, 2012.
DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Gloucester City city, Camden County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 30, 2012.

www2.census.gov

2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.

tigerweb.geo.census.gov

"ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 11, 2022.

censtats.census.gov

Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Gloucester City city, New Jersey Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed October 4, 2012.

cityofgloucester.org

About, Gloucester City. Accessed April 25, 2024. "In 1623, Captain Cornelius Mey with 24 Dutch settlers landed at Gloucester Point and built Fort Nassau."
Dayl Baile, Gloucester City. Accessed April 20, 2024.
Clerk - Registrar of Vital Statistics, Gloucester City. Accessed April 20, 2024.
The Mayor & Common Council Archived September 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, City of Gloucester. Accessed October 14, 2013.
Mayor and Common Council, Gloucester City. Accessed April 20, 2024.
2023 Municipal Data Sheet, Gloucester City. Accessed May 3, 2022.
Resolution Filling Vacancy For The Position Of An At-Large Common. Council Seat, City of Gloucester City. December 28, 2023. Accessed April 20, 2024. "WHEREAS, a vacancy became available in the Office of an At-Large Common Council seat held by Samuel Budesa... Edward Cilurso is hereby nominated to fill the vacancy of Councilperson At-Large until such time as the November 5, 2024 election is duly certified."
News Archived July 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Gloucester City. Accessed May 26, 2007.

cnn.com

Fox, Lauren; Foran, Clare (July 23, 2024). "Bob Menendez will resign his US Senate seat effective August 20". CNN. Retrieved August 19, 2024.

coanj.com

Members List: Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Members List: Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
Members List: Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.

courierpostonline.com

Franolich, Mike. "Gloucester City: Reinvention over centuries", The Courier-Post. Accessed April 16, 2012.

driveless.com

South Jersey Transit Guide Archived September 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Cross County Connection, as of April 1, 2010. Accessed November 15, 2014.

drpa.org

Walt Whitman Bridge Archived November 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Delaware River Port Authority. Accessed October 14, 2013.

dvrpc.org

Municipalities within Camden County, NJ, Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Accessed February 21, 2020.

ed.gov

nces.ed.gov

District information for Gloucester City Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
School Data for the Gloucester City Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.

epodunk.com

Irish Communities Archived November 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed June 9, 2007.

gchsrams.org

History, Gloucester Catholic High School. Accessed February 22, 2023. "Plans were made immediately for an addition and, in the meantime, classes met at the Pusey and Jones office building. The new school opened its doors in 1928. Eleven rooms and a gymnasium must have seemed quite large to the class of 1930."

gcsd.k12.nj.us

css.gcsd.k12.nj.us

Cold Springs Elementary School, Gloucester City Public School District. Accessed May 2, 2020.

mec.gcsd.k12.nj.us

Gloucester City Middle School, Gloucester City Public School District. Accessed May 2, 2020.

ghs.gcsd.k12.nj.us

Gloucester City High School, Gloucester City Public School District. Accessed May 2, 2020.

glassborocamdenline.com

Fact Sheet 2013 Archived August 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Glassboro-Camden Line. Accessed July 24, 2014.

gloucestercitynews.net

"Gloucester City History - Gloucester City: Reinvention over centuries", Courier-Post, October 19, 2006. Accessed November 15, 2014. "Gloucester City has significant but little known ties to Major League Baseball. Gloucester Point Grounds ballfield was home to the Philadelphia Athletics -- the forerunner of the American League team -- on Sundays from 1887 to 1889. At the time, Philadelphia's blue laws prohibited the A's from playing on Sundays in their usual park, the Jefferson Street Grounds."
Cleary Sr., William E. "Mayor of Gloucester City Makes Surprise Announcement, Will Resign June 1st", CNBNews, April 26, 2021. Accessed May 3, 2022. "Gloucester City Mayor Dan Spencer this evening made a surprise announcement that he was resigning from office effective June 1, 2021."
Cleary Sr., William E. "Gloucester City Finally Has A Mayor", CNBNews, June 24, 2021. Accessed May 3, 2022. "It is official, Gloucester City's new mayor is Patrick Keating, longtime Gloucester City Democrat councilman, and a former Gloucester City Administrator. His term as councilman-at-large ends December 31, 2022."
"Gloucester City New Mayor and Councilman Take Oath of Office; Permanent City Administrator Job Still Vacant", CNBNews, November 28, 2021. Accessed May 3, 2022. "Prior to the beginning of the November 23 Gloucester City Council meeting, Dayl Baile and Robert Page took the oath of office for mayor and council. Baile was elected on November 2 to the one-year unexpired term of the former mayor, Dan Spencer, and Page was elected to the one-year unexpired term of Patrick Keating. Both positions will be up for election in November 2022."
"Newly Named Councilman-at-large Derek Timm Addresses Citizens of Gloucester City", CNBNews, January 7, 2022. Accessed May 3, 2022. "Gloucester City resident Derek Timm is the newest member of Gloucester City Council filling the councilman-at-large seat of Dayl Baile who is now serving as Mayor. The unexpired terms of both Timm and Baile will be up for election in November 2022."

house.gov

Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.

norcross.house.gov

Full Biography, Congressman Donald Norcross. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Donald and his wife Andrea live in Camden City and are the proud parents of three grown children and grandparents of two."

imgur.com

Imgur "Michael Keaton on the steps of 215 Morris Street, Gloucester City, NJ. A sign for Labbree Realty is visible in the background."

la84.org

library.la84.org

missouri.edu

mcdc.missouri.edu

Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.

mysociety.org

global.mapit.mysociety.org

Areas touching Gloucester City, MapIt. Accessed January 13, 2017.

nationalmap.gov

edits.nationalmap.gov

U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Gloucester City, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.

news12.com

connecticut.news12.com

via Associated Press. "Political newcomer Edward Durr unseats longtime state Sen. Steve Sweeney", News 12 Connecticut, November 4, 2021. Accessed January 20, 2022. "Durr is a truck driver from Repaupo, an unincorporated community located within Logan Township. He was born and raised in Gloucester City."

newsbank.com

nl.newsbank.com

Graham, Kristen A. "Brooklawn Considers Finding New District For High School Pupils", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 16, 2001. Accessed June 19, 2008. "The tiny Brooklawn system, comprising just over 300 students and one school, sends about 80 ninth through 12th graders to the neighboring Gloucester City district, which has more than 2,000 students and four schools."

newspapers.com

Maykuth, Andrew. "Francis Gorman, 62, Assemblyman and Gloucester City Finance Chief", The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 10, 1987. Accessed January 20, 2022, via Newspapers.com.
Staff. "Newsmakers", Kokomo Tribune, August 16, 1987. Accessed March 16, 2017. "By early next month, the cameras will roll for Clean and Sober in Gloucester City, Cherry Hill and Medford Lakes. Michael Keaton stare as a stockbroker with a cocaine habit."

nj.com

"Here are the 30 N.J. towns with the highest property tax rates", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, March 15, 2021. Accessed January 19, 2022. "The average equalized tax rate in New Jersey was 2.279 in 2020, according to data from the Department of Community Affairs. Here is the list of 30 New Jersey towns with the highest property tax rates.... 23. Gloucester City Equalized tax rate in Gloucester, Camden County, was 4.343 in 2020 Average equalized tax rate in Camden County: 3.470"
Home, sweet home: Bob Menendez back in Hudson County. nj.com. Accessed April 30, 2021. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"

nj.gov

Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.
Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.
Urban Enterprise Zone Program, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"
Urban Enterprise Zone Effective and Expiration Dates, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.
Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.

njelections.org

2009 Governor: Camden County Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed October 15, 2012.

njsda.gov

What We Do: History, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022. "In 1998, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in the Abbott v. Burke case that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts. According to the Court, aging, unsafe and overcrowded buildings prevented children from receiving the "thorough and efficient" education required under the New Jersey Constitution.... Full funding for approved projects was authorized for the 31 special-needs districts, known as 'Abbott Districts'."
What We Do, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.
SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.

njstatelib.org

dspace.njstatelib.org

Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed October 14, 2013.

nytimes.com

Preston, Jennifer. "Man of the House". The New York Times, February 4, 1996. Accessed February 10, 2013. "He and his wife, Betsy, have owned their three-acre farm in Pittsgrove Township since 1974, when they traded in their Gloucester City row house for the rural life."
Strauss, Robert. "Cradle of Rock? Two Towns Stake Their Claims", The New York Times, July 10, 2007. Accessed July 10, 2007. "But Gloucester City, another New Jersey town, about an 80-mile drive northwest of Wildwood, wants to cut in right there. And on Saturday, Mr. Richards and other Comets plan to headline a show in Gloucester City, in Camden County along the Delaware River, to commemorate an 18-month span in the early 1950s when Mr. Haley led the house band at the Twin Bar."

philly.com

articles.philly.com

Giordano, Rita. "St. Mary School in Gloucester City to close, diocese confirms", The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 20, 2011. Accessed October 14, 2013. "The Diocese of Camden confirmed Thursday that it planned to close St. Mary School in Gloucester City at the end of this school year, but members of the school community said they would not give up without a fight.... In a statement posted Thursday on St. Mary's website, Bishop Joseph A. Galante said the diocese had been working with the school to help it meet its financial challenges, including providing loans. In three years, he said, enrollment has shrunk from 194 to 183 now, with 155 projected for next year."
O'Neill, James M. "Wharton School Names Harker As Its Next Dean The Search Committee Turned To One Of Its Own Members. He Had Not Been A Candidate.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, February 9, 2000. Accessed May 29, 2014. "Harker, who grew up in Gloucester City, N.J., now lives in Haddon Heights with his wife, Emily, and their three children, a 13-year-old and twins who are 10."

phillyvoice.com

U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."

psu.edu

pabook.libraries.psu.edu

Betsy Ross, Pennsylvania Center for the Book. Accessed May 9, 2022 "Elizabeth (Betsy) Ross was born on January 1, 1752, in Gloucester City, New Jersey."

rutgers.edu

njdatabook.rutgers.edu

Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.
"Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 15. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.

mapmaker.rutgers.edu

Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 31, 2015.

searchroots.com

nj.searchroots.com

Brown, Janice. History and Genealogy: Township of East Greenwich, New Jersey Accessed April 16, 2012.

senate.gov

menendez.senate.gov

Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "Menendez, who started his political career in Union City, moved in September from Paramus to one of Harrison's new apartment buildings near the town's PATH station.."

southjerseycatholicschools.org

Schools, South Jersey Catholic Schools. Accessed February 22, 2023.

state.nj.us

2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 14, 2013.
Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 106 re Gloucester City, p. 109 re Union Township. Accessed May 30, 2012.
Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "Legislation was amended again in 2004 to include Gloucester City and New Brunswick, creating a total of 32 zones in 37 municipalities."
Voter Registration Summary - Camden, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed October 15, 2012.
"Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Camden County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
"Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Camden County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
2008 Presidential General Election Results: Camden County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed October 15, 2012.
2004 Presidential Election: Camden County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed October 15, 2012.
"Governor - Camden County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
"Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Camden County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
Camden County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
Interstate 76 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, January 1997. Accessed July 22, 2014.
Executive Order No. 312, Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy, November 16, 2022. Accessed July 24, 2023. "WHEREAS, First Lady Lucinda Florio was born Lucinda Coleman in Lafayette, Indiana in 1947, before moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and then to Gloucester City, New Jersey"

njleg.state.nj.us

Assembly Bill, No. 4521 - 215th Legislature, New Jersey Legislature, introduce November 25, 2013. Accessed August 12, 2020. "Synopsis: Amends special charter of Gloucester City in Camden County to revise method of election of members of Common Council..... Statement: This bill would amend the special charter, granted by the Legislature in 1868, of the City of Gloucester City in Camden County."
Districts by Number for 2011-2020 Archived July 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
Legislative Roster for District 5, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 12, 2024.

lwd.dol.state.nj.us

Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Gloucester City city Archived May 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed May 30, 2012.

homeroom6.doe.state.nj.us

New Jersey School Directory for the Gloucester City Public School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.

straussesmay.com

Gloucester City Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Gloucester City Public SChools. Accessed May 3, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through twelve in the Gloucester City School District. Composition: The Gloucester City School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Gloucester City."

triblive.com

Price, Karen. "Pitt coach, player were impacted by dangerous Hurricane Sandy", Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, November 4, 2012. Accessed November 15, 2014. "Even as the Pitt women's basketball team prepared this week for its lone exhibition game, coach Agnus Berenato and sophomore forward Chyna Golden were thinking of New Jersey. Golden is from Neptune, N.J., near the Jersey Shore, and Berenato hails from Gloucester City, N.J."

usgs.gov

geonames.usgs.gov

US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.

usps.com

tools.usps.com

Look Up a ZIP Code for Gloucester City, New Jersey, United States Postal Service. Accessed May 30, 2012.

web.archive.org

Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Gloucester City city Archived May 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed May 30, 2012.
Irish Communities Archived November 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed June 9, 2007.
Silverman, Sharo Hernes. "New Sweden and the New World: History Lessons from the Morton Homestead", from Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine, Volume XXV, Number 1 - Winter 1999. Accessed October 4, 2012.
Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Gloucester City city, New Jersey Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed October 4, 2012.
The Mayor & Common Council Archived September 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, City of Gloucester. Accessed October 14, 2013.
Districts by Number for 2011-2020 Archived July 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
Charles H. Billingham Sheriff Archived January 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed October 14, 2013. "He previously held public office for nearly four years as a Councilman and Mayor of Gloucester City.... A resident of Gloucester City with his wife Marion and their two sons, Chuckie and Michael, Sheriff Billingham's commitment to the citizens of Camden County is governed by his concern for family and community."
2009 Governor: Camden County Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed October 15, 2012.
Walt Whitman Bridge Archived November 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Delaware River Port Authority. Accessed October 14, 2013.
Camden County Bus/Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of June 9, 2007. Accessed May 30, 2012.
South Jersey Transit Guide Archived September 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Cross County Connection, as of April 1, 2010. Accessed November 15, 2014.
Fact Sheet 2013 Archived August 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Glassboro-Camden Line. Accessed July 24, 2014.
News Archived July 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Gloucester City. Accessed May 26, 2007.

webflow.com

uploads-ssl.webflow.com

2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.

westjersey.org

Barnett, Bob. Population Data for Camden County Municipalities, 1850 - 2000, WestJersey.org, January 6, 2011. Accessed October 4, 2012.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gloucester City". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 132.