God in Mormonism (English Wikipedia)

Salai, Sean S.J. (August 19, 2015). "Catholic and Mormon: Author Q&A with Professor Stephen H. Webb". America. Retrieved August 19, 2015. Mormons emphasize the relative independence of the three divine persons of the Trinity. Many theologians today, whatever their church tradition, are developing what is called a "social Trinity," which is very similar to Mormonism in seeing the Trinity as a society of persons rather than a single immaterial substance defined by a set of internal relations.

archive.org

Bergera (1989, pp. 36, 53) Bergera, Gary James, ed. (1989), Line Upon Line: Essays on Mormon Doctrine, Salt Lake City: Signature Books – via Internet Archive.
Burton, Rulon T. (2004). We Believe: Doctrines and Principles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Tabernacle Books. ISBN 978-0-9748790-3-1 – via Internet Archive.

bbc.co.uk

"An explantation of Mormon beliefs about God". BBC. October 2, 2009. God the Father is a being called Elohim, who was once a man like present day human beings, but who lived on another planet. Over time this man made himself perfect and became God, with a knowledge of everything, and the power to do anything. God became perfect by following the rules laid down by his God.

books.google.com

Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–90. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 978-0-511-61002-8. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
Widmer (2000) Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7, OCLC 43615415.
Harrell, Charles R. (2011). This Is My Doctrine: The Development of Mormon Theology. Draper, Utah: Greg Kofford Books. ISBN 978-1-58958-103-6 – via Google Books.
Widmer (2000, p. 6). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7, OCLC 43615415.
Wilcox Hammond, Linda (June 30, 1992). "The Mormon Concept of a Mother in Heaven". Sisters in Spirit: Mormon Women in Historical and Cultural Perspective. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 66, 72. ISBN 0-252-06296-5 – via Google Books.
Dana, Bruce E. (September 2004). The Eternal Father and His Son. Cedar Fort. p. 62. ISBN 1-55517-788-3. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
Swanson, Vern G. (2013). "Christ and Polygamy". Dynasty of the Holy Grail: Mormonism's Holy Bloodline. Springville, UT: Cedar Fort. pp. 247–259. ISBN 978-1-4621-0404-8. Dr. William E. Phipps noted that the belief that 'Jesus married, and married often!' was used to encourage and promote the doctrine of polygamy amongst timid Latter-Day Saints ... By the late-1850s the idea that more than one woman was married to Jesus was widely accepted among Mormon circles. ... As if the concept of Christ's polygamy was not unsettling enough, Mormonism even taught in the nineteenth century that God the Father had a plurality of wives as well.
Morris Brown, Samuel (December 1, 2011). In Heaven as It Is on Earth: Joseph Smith and the Early Mormon Conquest of Death. Oxford University Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-19-979368-6.
Givens, Terryl L. (November 3, 2014). Wrestling the Angel: The Foundations of Mormon Thought: Cosmos, God, Humanity. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794928.003.0008. ISBN 978-0-19-979492-8 – via Google Books.
Ostler, Blake T. (March 1, 2006). Exploring Mormon Thought: Volume 2, The Problems of Theism and the Love of God. Greg Kofford Books. p. 19 – via Google Books.
Widmer (2000, p. 92) Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7, OCLC 43615415.

bycommonconsent.com

"Sunday Evenings With The Doctrine and Covenants. Section 130. Part I. The Manuscript Source of D&C 130". Bycommonconsent.com. February 3, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2017.

byu.edu

eom.byu.edu

Robinson, Stephen E.; Burgon, Glade L.; Turner, Rodney; Largey, Dennis L. (1992), "God the Father", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 548–552, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Dahl, Paul E. (1992), "Godhead", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 552–553, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Brown, Gayle O. (1992), "Premortal Life", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 1123–1125, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Paulsen, David L. (1992), "Omnipotent God; Omnipresence of God; Omniscience of God", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, p. 1030, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library

contentdm.lib.byu.edu

Carter, K. Codell (1992). "Godhood". In Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York City: Macmillan Publishing. pp. 553, 555. ISBN 978-0-02-904040-9. They [resurrected and perfected mortals] will dwell again with God the Father, and live and act like him in endless worlds of happiness [...] above all they will have the power of procreating endless lives. [...] Those who become like him will likewise contribute to this eternal process by adding further spirit offspring to the eternal family.
Robinson, Stephen E. (1992). "God the Father: Overview". In Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York City: Macmillan Publishing. p. 549. ISBN 978-0-02-904040-9. As the Prophet Joseph Smith said, 'God himself was once as we are now' [...] Thus the Father became the Father sometime before the 'beginning' as mortals know it. [...] Gods and humans are the same species of being, but at different stages of development in a divine continuum

byustudies.byu.edu

"Chapter 23: Discourse of the Prophet—The Godhead—The Mob Uprising—Arrest of President Smith, et al. over the "Expositor" Affair—Trial before Esquire Wells". History of the Church. Vol. 6 (1991 Reprint ed.). Deseret Book. July 1, 1991. pp. 474, 476. ISBN 0-87579-486-6. I will preach on the plurality of Gods. [...] If Jesus Christ was the Son of God, and John discovered that God the Father of Jesus Christ had a Father, you may suppose that He had a Father also. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

churchofjesuschrist.org

First Presidency; Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (April 2002). "Gospel Classics: The Father and the Son". Ensign. LDS Church. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
"Gospel Principles Chapter 47: Exaltation". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
Coleman, Gary J. (April 2007). "Mom, Are We Christians?". Ensign. LDS Church. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
Butler, Shanna (February 2005). "What Happened to Christ's Church?". Liahona. LDS Church. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
Draper, Richard D. (April 1984). "The Reality of the Resurrection". Ensign. LDS Church. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
"God, Godhead". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
Gospel Fundamentals (PDF) (2002 ed.). Salt Lake City: LDS Church. p. 201. They [the people who will live in the celestial kingdom] will receive everything our Father in Heaven has and will become like Him. They will even be able to have spirit children and make new worlds for them to live on, and do all the things our Father in Heaven has done.

cofchrist.org

"Basic Beliefs". Community of Christ. Retrieved October 1, 2017.

denverpost.com

"Comparing doctrines". The Denver Post. December 6, 2007.

dialoguejournal.com

Rosetti, Cristina (April 1, 2022). "'O My Mother': Mormon Fundamentalist Mothers in Heaven and Women's Authority". Dialogue. 55 (1). University of Illinois Press: 133. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.1.05. ISSN 0012-2157.
Larson, Stan (July 1, 2014). "Another Look at Joseph Smith's First Vision" (PDF). Dialogue. 47 (2): 47. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.47.2.0037. ISSN 0012-2157. S2CID 171511992.

doi.org

Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–90. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 978-0-511-61002-8. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
Mason, Patrick Q. (September 3, 2015). "Mormonism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.75. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
McArthur, Krishna; Spalding, Bethany Brady (April 1, 2022). "Guides to Heavenly Mother". Dialogue. 55 (1): 135–147. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.1.06. S2CID 247958856.
Terry, Roger (December 1, 2021). "Getting the Cosmology Right". Dialogue. 54 (4): 75. doi:10.5406/15549399.54.4.071. ISSN 0012-2157.
Park, Benjamin E. (Summer 2010). "Salvation through a Tabernacle: Joseph Smith, Parley P. Pratt, and Early Mormon Theologies of Embodiment". Dialogue. 43 (2). University of Illinois Press: 1–44. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.43.2.0001. S2CID 171908868 – via Scholarly Publishing Collective.
Givens & Hauglid (2019, p. 73) Givens, Terryl; Hauglid, Brian M. (2019). The Pearl of Greatest Price: Mormonism's Most Controversial Scripture. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190603861.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-060386-1. OL 28940280M.
Webb (2011, p. 254) Webb, Stephen H. (2011). Jesus Christ, Eternal God: Heavenly Flesh and the Metaphysics of Matter. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827954.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-982795-4.
Harper (2019, p. 55) Harper, Steven C. (2019). First Vision: Memory and Mormon Origins. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199329472.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-932947-2.
Rosetti, Cristina (April 1, 2022). "'O My Mother': Mormon Fundamentalist Mothers in Heaven and Women's Authority". Dialogue. 55 (1). University of Illinois Press: 133. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.1.05. ISSN 0012-2157.
Givens, Terryl L. (November 3, 2014). Wrestling the Angel: The Foundations of Mormon Thought: Cosmos, God, Humanity. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794928.003.0008. ISBN 978-0-19-979492-8 – via Google Books.
Larson, Stan (July 1, 2014). "Another Look at Joseph Smith's First Vision" (PDF). Dialogue. 47 (2): 47. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.47.2.0037. ISSN 0012-2157. S2CID 171511992.
Hales, Brian (Fall 2012). "'A Continuation of the Seeds': Joseph Smith and Spirit Birth". Journal of Mormon History. 38 (4). University of Illinois Press: 105. doi:10.2307/23292634. JSTOR 23292634. S2CID 254493140.
Boyd, George T. (1968). "A Mormon Concept of Man". Dialogue. 3 (1): 65. doi:10.2307/45226953. JSTOR 45226953. S2CID 254392103.
Hagen, Kirk D. (Summer 2006). "Eternal Progression in a Multiverse: An Explorative Mormon Cosmology". Dialogue. 39 (2): 2. doi:10.2307/45227238. JSTOR 45227238. S2CID 254398580.
Cook, Bryce (July 1, 2017). "What Do We Know of God's Will for His LGBT Children?: An Examination of the LDS Church's Position on Homosexuality". Dialogue. 50 (2): 6. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. JSTOR 10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. S2CID 190443414.

earlychurchtexts.com

The wording of the Council of Constantinople (360) prohibited use of the terms substance, essence, and ousia because they were not included in the scriptures. see: here (archived from the original on 11 August 2023). Retrieved 22 December 2023

firstthings.com

Mouw, Richard J. (May 2016). "Mormons Approaching Orthodoxy". First Things. New York City: Institute on Religion and Public Life. ProQuest 9deca3393917d5a61d59857dcb107139.

josephsmithpapers.org

"Accounts of Joseph Smith's First Vision". The Joseph Smith Papers. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 22, 2023.

jstor.org

Hales, Brian (Fall 2012). "'A Continuation of the Seeds': Joseph Smith and Spirit Birth". Journal of Mormon History. 38 (4). University of Illinois Press: 105. doi:10.2307/23292634. JSTOR 23292634. S2CID 254493140.
Boyd, George T. (1968). "A Mormon Concept of Man". Dialogue. 3 (1): 65. doi:10.2307/45226953. JSTOR 45226953. S2CID 254392103.
Hagen, Kirk D. (Summer 2006). "Eternal Progression in a Multiverse: An Explorative Mormon Cosmology". Dialogue. 39 (2): 2. doi:10.2307/45227238. JSTOR 45227238. S2CID 254398580.
Cook, Bryce (July 1, 2017). "What Do We Know of God's Will for His LGBT Children?: An Examination of the LDS Church's Position on Homosexuality". Dialogue. 50 (2): 6. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. JSTOR 10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. S2CID 190443414.
Wimmer, Ryan (2007). "Islamic 'Taqiyya' in Mormonism". The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal. 27. John Whitmer Historical Association: 153–154. JSTOR 43200282.

newyorker.com

Chan, Dawn (April 20, 2016). "How to Become a God". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X.

openlibrary.org

Givens & Hauglid (2019, p. 73) Givens, Terryl; Hauglid, Brian M. (2019). The Pearl of Greatest Price: Mormonism's Most Controversial Scripture. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190603861.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-060386-1. OL 28940280M.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Givens & Hauglid (2019, p. 73) Givens, Terryl; Hauglid, Brian M. (2019). The Pearl of Greatest Price: Mormonism's Most Controversial Scripture. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190603861.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-060386-1. OL 28940280M.
Webb (2011, p. 254) Webb, Stephen H. (2011). Jesus Christ, Eternal God: Heavenly Flesh and the Metaphysics of Matter. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199827954.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-982795-4.
Harper (2019, p. 55) Harper, Steven C. (2019). First Vision: Memory and Mormon Origins. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199329472.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-932947-2.

oxfordre.com

Mason, Patrick Q. (September 3, 2015). "Mormonism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.75. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2021.

proquest.com

Mouw, Richard J. (May 2016). "Mormons Approaching Orthodoxy". First Things. New York City: Institute on Religion and Public Life. ProQuest 9deca3393917d5a61d59857dcb107139.

scholarlypublishingcollective.org

McArthur, Krishna; Spalding, Bethany Brady (April 1, 2022). "Guides to Heavenly Mother". Dialogue. 55 (1): 135–147. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.1.06. S2CID 247958856.
Terry, Roger (December 1, 2021). "Getting the Cosmology Right". Dialogue. 54 (4): 75. doi:10.5406/15549399.54.4.071. ISSN 0012-2157.
Park, Benjamin E. (Summer 2010). "Salvation through a Tabernacle: Joseph Smith, Parley P. Pratt, and Early Mormon Theologies of Embodiment". Dialogue. 43 (2). University of Illinois Press: 1–44. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.43.2.0001. S2CID 171908868 – via Scholarly Publishing Collective.
Hagen, Kirk D. (Summer 2006). "Eternal Progression in a Multiverse: An Explorative Mormon Cosmology". Dialogue. 39 (2): 2. doi:10.2307/45227238. JSTOR 45227238. S2CID 254398580.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–90. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 978-0-511-61002-8. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
McArthur, Krishna; Spalding, Bethany Brady (April 1, 2022). "Guides to Heavenly Mother". Dialogue. 55 (1): 135–147. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.1.06. S2CID 247958856.
Park, Benjamin E. (Summer 2010). "Salvation through a Tabernacle: Joseph Smith, Parley P. Pratt, and Early Mormon Theologies of Embodiment". Dialogue. 43 (2). University of Illinois Press: 1–44. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.43.2.0001. S2CID 171908868 – via Scholarly Publishing Collective.
Larson, Stan (July 1, 2014). "Another Look at Joseph Smith's First Vision" (PDF). Dialogue. 47 (2): 47. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.47.2.0037. ISSN 0012-2157. S2CID 171511992.
Hales, Brian (Fall 2012). "'A Continuation of the Seeds': Joseph Smith and Spirit Birth". Journal of Mormon History. 38 (4). University of Illinois Press: 105. doi:10.2307/23292634. JSTOR 23292634. S2CID 254493140.
Boyd, George T. (1968). "A Mormon Concept of Man". Dialogue. 3 (1): 65. doi:10.2307/45226953. JSTOR 45226953. S2CID 254392103.
Hagen, Kirk D. (Summer 2006). "Eternal Progression in a Multiverse: An Explorative Mormon Cosmology". Dialogue. 39 (2): 2. doi:10.2307/45227238. JSTOR 45227238. S2CID 254398580.
Cook, Bryce (July 1, 2017). "What Do We Know of God's Will for His LGBT Children?: An Examination of the LDS Church's Position on Homosexuality". Dialogue. 50 (2): 6. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. JSTOR 10.5406/dialjmormthou.50.2.0001. S2CID 190443414.

sltrib.com

archive.sltrib.com

Noyce, David (November 14, 2016). "Meet the (heavenly) parents: Mormon leaders are mentioning this divine duo more often". The Salt Lake Tribune.
Piper, Matthew (February 28, 2014). "Essay explains Mormon teaching on 'becoming like God'". The Salt Lake Tribune.
Noyce, David (April 11, 2016). "Your quick A-to-Z guide to Mormonism — Part II". The Salt Lake Tribune.

sltrib.com

Noyce, David (March 17, 2022). "Is God's love 'unconditional'? Let the debate continue". The Salt Lake Tribune. Much of the chatter dates back to apostle Russell M. Nelson's pre-presidential piece titled "Divine Love" in 2003. 'While divine love can be called perfect, infinite, enduring and universal, it cannot correctly be characterized as unconditional,' he states. 'The word does not appear in the scriptures.'

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

"History of Trinitarian Doctrines (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". plato.stanford.edu. Stanford University. 3.3.2 Augustine. Retrieved October 17, 2017.

sunstone.org

Hale, Van (February 28, 2015). "Defining the Mormon Doctrine of Deity" (PDF). Sunstone. Vol. 10, no. 1. p. 25.

sunstonemagazine.com

Alexander (1980, online p. 1) Alexander, Thomas G. (1980). "The Reconstruction of Mormon Doctrine: From Joseph Smith to Progressive Theology" (PDF). Sunstone. Vol. 5, no. 4. pp. 24–33..

web.archive.org

Mason, Patrick Q. (September 3, 2015). "Mormonism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.75. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
The wording of the Council of Constantinople (360) prohibited use of the terms substance, essence, and ousia because they were not included in the scriptures. see: here (archived from the original on 11 August 2023). Retrieved 22 December 2023
"Accounts of Joseph Smith's First Vision". The Joseph Smith Papers. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 22, 2023.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Doctrine and Covenants 76:12–24
Bushman (2008, p. 6) (Mormons believe in what is sometimes called "social trinitarianism," meaning the three beings of the Godhead are blended in heart and mind like extremely close friends, but are not one being); Early passages in Smith's revelations could be interpreted as traditionally trinitarian, but the doctrine of three Gods in one soon gave way to a Father, Son and Holy Ghost, three distinct beings united in purpose and will but not in substance. See also: Doctrine and Covenants 130:22. Bushman, Richard Lyman (2008), Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-531030-6.
Ether 3:6–9
3rd Nephi 11
3rd Nephi 11:11
Ether 3
Ether 3:14
Mosiah 15:1–4
3rd Nephi 19:22–23
3rd Nephi 11:36
Doctrine & Covenants 130:22
Matthew 3:16–17

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Davies, Douglas J. (2003). "Divine–human transformations". An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 65–90. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610028.004. ISBN 978-0-511-61002-8. OCLC 438764483. S2CID 146238056.
Robinson, Stephen E.; Burgon, Glade L.; Turner, Rodney; Largey, Dennis L. (1992), "God the Father", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 548–552, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Dahl, Paul E. (1992), "Godhead", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 552–553, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Terry, Roger (December 1, 2021). "Getting the Cosmology Right". Dialogue. 54 (4): 75. doi:10.5406/15549399.54.4.071. ISSN 0012-2157.
Chan, Dawn (April 20, 2016). "How to Become a God". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X.
Brown, Gayle O. (1992), "Premortal Life", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 1123–1125, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Paulsen, David L. (1992), "Omnipotent God; Omnipresence of God; Omniscience of God", in Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, p. 1030, ISBN 0-02-879602-0, OCLC 24502140, retrieved May 7, 2021 – via Harold B. Lee Library
Widmer (2000) Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7, OCLC 43615415.
Widmer (2000, p. 6). Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7, OCLC 43615415.
Rosetti, Cristina (April 1, 2022). "'O My Mother': Mormon Fundamentalist Mothers in Heaven and Women's Authority". Dialogue. 55 (1). University of Illinois Press: 133. doi:10.5406/15549399.55.1.05. ISSN 0012-2157.
Larson, Stan (July 1, 2014). "Another Look at Joseph Smith's First Vision" (PDF). Dialogue. 47 (2): 47. doi:10.5406/dialjmormthou.47.2.0037. ISSN 0012-2157. S2CID 171511992.
Widmer (2000, p. 92) Widmer, Kurt (2000), Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, p. 6, ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7, OCLC 43615415.