Goryeo (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Goryeo" in English language version.

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academia.edu

Vovin, Alexander (2020). "Old Korean and Proto-Korean *r and *l Revisited". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 2 (1): 94–107. doi:10.1163/25898833-12340025. ISSN 2589-8825. S2CID 225514531.

akjournals.com

Kim, Jinyoung; Lee, Jaeyeong; Lee, Jongoh (2015). "Goryeoyang and Mongolpung in the 13 th −14 th centuries *". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 68 (3): 281–292. doi:10.1556/062.2015.68.3.3. ISSN 0001-6446.

aks.ac.kr

encykorea.aks.ac.kr

김재명. 남경(南京). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
북진정책(北進政策). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
노태돈. 고구려(高句麗). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
노명호. 왕건동상(王建銅像). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
신형식 (1995). 구서당(九誓幢). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
박한설. 후삼국시대(後三國時代). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
이병도. 훈요십조(訓要十條). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
문수진; 김선주. 일리천전투(一利川戰鬪). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
노태돈. 정안국(定安國). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
후삼국통일(後三國統一). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
한성(漢城). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
김헌창의 난(金憲昌─亂). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
원종 애노의 난(元宗哀奴─亂). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
적고적(赤袴賊). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
육두품(六頭品). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
쌍기(雙冀). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
채인범(蔡仁範). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
주저(周佇). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
김남규. 안융진(安戎鎭). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
이용범. 강동육주(江東六州). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
하현강. 하공진(河拱振). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
나각순. 양규(楊規). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
윤근호. 사개치부법(四介治簿法). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
신천식. 김단(金旦). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean).
여진정벌. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
"Kim Chwi-ryeo". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
김창현. 개경(開京). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 3 November 2018.

archive.org

Gernet, Jacques (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge University Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-521-49781-7. Retrieved 13 March 2019.

bl.uk

"Gutenberg Bible". Timelines: Sources from History. British Library. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
"Gutenberg Bible". British Library. The British Library Board. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.

books.google.com

Bielenstein 2005, p. 184. Bielenstein, Hans (2005), Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589–1276, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-474-0761-4
Korean History Society 2002, p. 15. Korean History Society (2002), 고려의 황도 개경 (in Korean), 창비, ISBN 978-89-364-8221-3
Seth 2010, p. 92. Seth, Michael J. (2010), A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7
Lee 1984, p. 134. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Breuker 2010, p. 147. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Em 2013, pp. 24–26. Em, Henry (2013), The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-5372-0
Breuker 2010, p. 157. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Lee et al. 2014, p. 70. Lee, Injae; Miller, Owen; Park, Jinhoon; Yi, Hyun-Hae (2014), Shin, Michael D. (ed.), Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-09846-6
Kim 2012, p. 120. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Lee 1984, p. 103. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Kim 2012, pp. 120–122. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Johnston, William M. (2013). Encyclopedia of Monasticism. Routledge. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-136-78715-7.
Kim 2012, p. 148. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Till, Geoffrey; Bratton, Patrick (2012). Sea Power and the Asia-Pacific: The Triumph of Neptune?. Routledge. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-136-62724-8. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
Ronald, Ma (1997). Financial Reporting in the Pacific Asia Region. World Scientific. p. 239. ISBN 978-981-4497-62-6. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
Em 2013, p. 26. Em, Henry (2013), The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-5372-0
Rawski 2015, pp. 198–200. Rawski, Evelyn S. (2015), Early Modern China and Northeast Asia: Cross-Border Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-316-30035-0
Ro 2009, pp. 47–53. Ro, Myoungho (2009), The State and Four Streams of Group Consciousness in the Koryŏ Dynasty (in Korean), Seoul National University Press, ISBN 978-89-521-1066-4
Kim 2012, pp. 99–101. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Seth 2010, p. 66. Seth, Michael J. (2010), A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7
Kim 2012, pp. 112–115. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
이상각 (2014). "후삼국 시대의 개막". 고려사 – 열정과 자존의 오백년 (in Korean). 들녘. ISBN 979-11-5925-024-8. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
박종기 (2015). "고려 왕실의 뿌리 찾기". 고려사의 재발견: 한반도 역사상 가장 개방적이고 역동적인 500년 고려 역사를 만나다 (in Korean). 휴머니스트. ISBN 978-89-5862-902-3. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
Ro 2009, pp. 72–83. Ro, Myoungho (2009), The State and Four Streams of Group Consciousness in the Koryŏ Dynasty (in Korean), Seoul National University Press, ISBN 978-89-521-1066-4
Kim 2012, p. 118. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Kim 2012, pp. 117–118. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Rossabi 1983, p. 323. Rossabi, Morris (1983), China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-04562-0
Grayson 2013, p. 79. Grayson, James H. (2013), Korea - A Religious History, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-136-86925-9
Kim 2012, pp. 116–117. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Kim 2012, p. 119. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Rossabi 1983, p. 154. Rossabi, Morris (1983), China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-04562-0
박종기 (2015). "신화와 전설에 담긴 고려 왕실의 역사". 고려사의 재발견: 한반도 역사상 가장 개방적이고 역동적인 500년 고려 역사를 만나다 (in Korean). 휴머니스트. ISBN 978-89-5862-902-3. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
Lee 2010, p. 264. Lee, Peter H. (2010), Sourcebook of Korean Civilization: Volume One: From Early Times to the 16th Century, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-51529-0
Kim 2012, pp. 122–123. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Kim 2012, p. 124. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Seth 2010, p. 82. Seth, Michael J. (2010), A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7
Breuker 2010, p. 136. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Kim 2012, p. 125. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Lee 1984, p. 105. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Breuker 2010, p. 151. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Kim 2012, p. 132. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Kim 2012, pp. 141–142. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Lee 1984, p. 125. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Twitchett, Fairbank & Franke 1994, p. 103. Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King; Franke, Herbert (1994), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5
Kim 2012, p. 142. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Bielenstein 2005, p. 182. Bielenstein, Hans (2005), Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589–1276, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-474-0761-4
Bielenstein 2005, p. 683. Bielenstein, Hans (2005), Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589–1276, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-474-0761-4
Kim 2012, pp. 142–143. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Bowman 2000, p. 203. Bowman, John S. (2000), Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-50004-3
Kim 2012, p. 143. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Twitchett, Fairbank & Franke 1994, p. 111. Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King; Franke, Herbert (1994), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5
Twitchett, Fairbank & Franke 1994, p. 112. Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King; Franke, Herbert (1994), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5
Bielenstein 2005, pp. 182–183. Bielenstein, Hans (2005), Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589–1276, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-474-0761-4
Kim 2012, p. 145. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Kim 2012, pp. 143–144. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Rossabi 1983, p. 158. Rossabi, Morris (1983), China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-04562-0
Breuker 2010, p. 245. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Breuker 2010, p. 247. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Kim 2012, p. 144. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Lee et al. 2014, p. 79. Lee, Injae; Miller, Owen; Park, Jinhoon; Yi, Hyun-Hae (2014), Shin, Michael D. (ed.), Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-09846-6
Chung 1998, pp. 236–237. Chung, Yang-mo (1998), "The Art of the Korean Potter: From the Neolithic Period to the Chosŏn Dynasty", Arts of Korea, Metropolitan Museum of Art, ISBN 978-0-87099-850-8
정수일 (2002). 이슬람 문명 (in Korean). 창비. p. 335. ISBN 978-89-364-7077-7. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
Lee, Kenneth B.; Yi, Kong-bok (1997). Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-275-95823-7. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
Kim 2012, p. 133. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Park 2014, p. 21. Park, Sang-jin (2014), Under the Microscope: The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4438-6732-0
Lee et al. 2014, p. 78. Lee, Injae; Miller, Owen; Park, Jinhoon; Yi, Hyun-Hae (2014), Shin, Michael D. (ed.), Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-09846-6
Kim 2012, p. 147. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Kim 2012, pp. 147–148. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
배상열 (2009). 대역죄인, 역사의 법정에 서다 (in Korean). 책우리. p. 140. ISBN 978-89-93975-01-7. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
Chung 1998, p. 234. Chung, Yang-mo (1998), "The Art of the Korean Potter: From the Neolithic Period to the Chosŏn Dynasty", Arts of Korea, Metropolitan Museum of Art, ISBN 978-0-87099-850-8
Breuker 2010, pp. 220–221. "The Jurchen settlements in the Amnok River region had been tributaries of Koryŏ since the establishment of the dynasty, when T'aejo Wang Kŏn heavily relied on a large segment of Jurchen cavalry to defeat the armies of Later Paekche. The position and status of these Jurchen is hard to determine using the framework of the Koryŏ and Liao states as reference, since the Jurchen leaders generally took care to steer a middle course between Koryŏ and Liao, changing sides or absconding whenever that was deemed the best course. As mentioned above, Koryŏ and Liao competed quite fiercely to obtain the allegiance of the Jurchen settlers who in the absence of large armies effectively controlled much of the frontier area outside the Koryŏ and Liao fortifications. These Jurchen communities were expert in handling the tension between Liao and Koryŏ, playing out divide-and-rule policies backed up by threats of border violence. It seems that the relationship between the semi-nomadic Jurchen and their peninsular neighbours bore much resemblance to the relationship between Chinese states and their nomad neighbours, as described by Thomas Barfield." Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Breuker 2010, p. 221-222. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Breuker 2010, p. 222. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Breuker 2010, p. 223. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland; West, Stephen H (1995). China Under Jurchen Rule. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2273-1. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
Twitchett, Fairbank & Franke 1994, p. 221. Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King; Franke, Herbert (1994), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5
Lee 1984, p. 127. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Breuker 2010, p. 224. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Lee 1984, p. 127-128. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Breuker 2010, p. 225-226. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Breuker 2010, p. 137. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Yi, Ki-baek (1984). A New History of Korea. Harvard University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
Lee 1984, p. 128. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Twitchett, Fairbank & Franke 1994, p. 229: "the king of Koryŏ declared himself a vassal of Chin in the summer of 1126." Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King; Franke, Herbert (1994), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5
Ebrey & Walthall 2014, [1], p. 171, at Google Books: "In the case of the Jurchen Jin, the [Goryeo] court decided to transfer its tributary relationship from the Liao to Jin before serious violence broke out." Also p.172: "Koryŏ enrolled as a Jin tributary". Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne (2014), Pre-Modern East Asia: To 1800: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Third Edition, Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, ISBN 978-1-133-60651-2.
Breuker 2010, p. 229-230. Breuker, Remco E. (2010), Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918-1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4
Shultz 2000, pp. 9–10. Shultz, Edward (1 June 2000), Generals and Scholars: Military Rule in Medieval Korea, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-6263-3
Shultz 2000, p. 11. Shultz, Edward (1 June 2000), Generals and Scholars: Military Rule in Medieval Korea, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-6263-3
Shultz 2000, pp. 18–20. Shultz, Edward (1 June 2000), Generals and Scholars: Military Rule in Medieval Korea, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-6263-3
Kim 2012, p. 160. Kim, Jinwung (2012), A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-00024-8
Shultz 2000, p. 1. Shultz, Edward (1 June 2000), Generals and Scholars: Military Rule in Medieval Korea, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-6263-3
Shultz 2000, p. 2. Shultz, Edward (1 June 2000), Generals and Scholars: Military Rule in Medieval Korea, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-6263-3
Patricia Ebrey; Anne Walthall (2013). Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800. Cengage Learning. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-133-60651-2.
Lee 1984, p. 148. Lee, Ki-baik (1984), A New History of Korea, translated by Wagner, Edward W.; Schultz, Edward J., Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-61576-2
Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-275-95823-7. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
Em 2013, p. 24. Em, Henry (2013), The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-5372-0
Em 2013, p. 25. Em, Henry (2013), The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-5372-0
이윤섭 (2012). "고려의 천하관". 역동적 고려사 (in Korean). 필맥. ISBN 978-89-97751-00-6. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
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