Grape (English Wikipedia)

Reisch BI, Peterson DV, Martens M-H. "Seedless Grapes" Archived 2008-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, in "Table Grape Varieties for Cool Climates", Information Bulletin 234, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, retrieved December 30, 2008.

doi.org

This, Patrice, Lacombe, Thierry, Thomash, Mark R. (2006). "Historical Origins and Genetic Diversity of Wine Grapes" (PDF). Trends in Genetics. 22 (9): 511–519. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.07.008. PMID 16872714. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Walker AR, Lee E, Bogs J, et al. (2007). "White grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes". The Plant Journal. 49 (5): 772–785. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02997.x. PMID 17316172.
Waterhouse AL (2002). "Wine phenolics". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 957 (1): 21–36. Bibcode:2002NYASA.957...21W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x. PMID 12074959. S2CID 36937910.
Brouillard R, Chassaing S, Fougerousse A (2003). "Why are grape/fresh wine anthocyanins so simple and why is it that red wine color lasts so long?". Phytochemistry. 64 (7): 1179–1186. Bibcode:2003PChem..64.1179B. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00518-1. PMID 14599515.
Shi J, Yu J, Pohorly JE, et al. (2003). "Polyphenolics in Grape Seeds—Biochemistry and Functionality". Journal of Medicinal Food. 6 (4): 291–299. doi:10.1089/109662003772519831. PMID 14977436.
Parry J, Su L, Moore J, et al. (2006). "Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant Capacities, and Antiproliferative Activities of Selected Fruit Seed Flours". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (11): 3773–3778. doi:10.1021/jf060325k. PMID 16719495.
Gómez-Brandón M, Lores M, Insam H, et al. (2 April 2019). "Strategies for recycling and valorization of grape marc". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 39 (4): 437–450. doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1555514. ISSN 0738-8551. PMID 30939940. S2CID 93000616.
Muhlack RA, Potumarthi R, Jeffery DW (2018). "Sustainable wineries through waste valorisation: A review of grape marc utilisation for value-added products". Waste Management. 72: 99–118. Bibcode:2018WaMan..72...99M. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.011. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 29132780.
Cantos E, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA (2002). "Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50 (20): 5691–5696. doi:10.1021/jf0204102. PMID 12236700.
Ector BJ, Magee JB, Hegwood CP, et al. (1996). "Resveratrol Concentration in Muscadine Berries, Juice, Pomace, Purees, Seeds, and Wines". Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 47 (1): 57–62. doi:10.5344/ajev.1996.47.1.57. S2CID 98822789. Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
Xu C, Yagiz Y, Zhao L, et al. (2017). "Fruit quality, nutraceutical and antimicrobial properties of 58 muscadine grape varieties (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) grown in United States". Food Chemistry. 215: 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.163. ISSN 0308-8146. PMID 27542461.
Pastrana-Bonilla E, Akoh CC, Sellappan S, et al. (2003). "Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of muscadine grapes". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (18): 5497–5503. doi:10.1021/jf030113c. PMID 12926904.
Mattivi F, Guzzon R, Vrhovsek U, et al. (2006). "Metabolite Profiling of Grape: Flavonols and Anthocyanins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (20): 7692–7702. doi:10.1021/jf061538c. PMID 17002441.
Beveridge TH, Girard B, Kopp T, et al. (2005). "Yield and Composition of Grape Seed Oils Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Petroleum Ether: Varietal Effects". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (5): 1799–1804. doi:10.1021/jf040295q. PMID 15740076.
Crews C, Hough P, Godward J, et al. (2006). "Quantitation of the Main Constituents of Some Authentic Grape-Seed Oils of Different Origin". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (17): 6261–6265. doi:10.1021/jf060338y. PMID 16910717.
Tangolar SG, Özoğul YI, Tangolar S, et al. (2009). "Evaluation of fatty acid profiles and mineral content of grape seed oil of some grape genotypes". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 60 (1): 32–39. doi:10.1080/09637480701581551. PMID 17886077. S2CID 29294873.
Li X, Wu B, Wang L, et al. (2006). "Extractable Amounts of trans-Resveratrol in Seed and Berry Skin in Vitis Evaluated at the Germplasm Level". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (23): 8804–8811. doi:10.1021/jf061722y. PMID 17090126.

fao.org

"Grape production in 2023, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2025. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
"World acreage for grape growing in 2023, Crops/Regions/World list/Area harvested/Year (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2025. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
"Grape exports in 2023". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2025. Retrieved 9 April 2025.

fda.gov

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

freshplaza.com

"The most widely planted grape in the world". freshplaza.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2010.

gillhamvineyard.com

"Wine History Cyprus".

guinnessworldrecords.com

"Oldest manufactured wine". Guinness World Records.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Waterhouse AL (2002). "Wine phenolics". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 957 (1): 21–36. Bibcode:2002NYASA.957...21W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x. PMID 12074959. S2CID 36937910.
Brouillard R, Chassaing S, Fougerousse A (2003). "Why are grape/fresh wine anthocyanins so simple and why is it that red wine color lasts so long?". Phytochemistry. 64 (7): 1179–1186. Bibcode:2003PChem..64.1179B. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00518-1. PMID 14599515.
Muhlack RA, Potumarthi R, Jeffery DW (2018). "Sustainable wineries through waste valorisation: A review of grape marc utilisation for value-added products". Waste Management. 72: 99–118. Bibcode:2018WaMan..72...99M. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.011. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 29132780.

iranicaonline.org

"ANGŪR – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 6 April 2021. According to A. de Candolle (L'Origine des plantes cultivées, Paris, 5th ed., 1912, p. 152) the grape-vine is at home in the region south of the Caucasus, from the Black Sea to the Caspian region of Iran, where "it has the shape of a strong liana climbing over high trees and producing abundant fruit without any pruning or cultivation." His statement is still generally accepted, since the greatest diversity in varieties can be observed there.

merckvetmanual.com

Raisins/Grapes Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. The Merck Veterinary Manual.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Owen J (12 January 2011). "Earliest Known Winery Found in Armenian Cave". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

This, Patrice, Lacombe, Thierry, Thomash, Mark R. (2006). "Historical Origins and Genetic Diversity of Wine Grapes" (PDF). Trends in Genetics. 22 (9): 511–519. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.07.008. PMID 16872714. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Walker AR, Lee E, Bogs J, et al. (2007). "White grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes". The Plant Journal. 49 (5): 772–785. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02997.x. PMID 17316172.
Waterhouse AL (2002). "Wine phenolics". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 957 (1): 21–36. Bibcode:2002NYASA.957...21W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x. PMID 12074959. S2CID 36937910.
Brouillard R, Chassaing S, Fougerousse A (2003). "Why are grape/fresh wine anthocyanins so simple and why is it that red wine color lasts so long?". Phytochemistry. 64 (7): 1179–1186. Bibcode:2003PChem..64.1179B. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00518-1. PMID 14599515.
Shi J, Yu J, Pohorly JE, et al. (2003). "Polyphenolics in Grape Seeds—Biochemistry and Functionality". Journal of Medicinal Food. 6 (4): 291–299. doi:10.1089/109662003772519831. PMID 14977436.
Parry J, Su L, Moore J, et al. (2006). "Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant Capacities, and Antiproliferative Activities of Selected Fruit Seed Flours". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (11): 3773–3778. doi:10.1021/jf060325k. PMID 16719495.
Gómez-Brandón M, Lores M, Insam H, et al. (2 April 2019). "Strategies for recycling and valorization of grape marc". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 39 (4): 437–450. doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1555514. ISSN 0738-8551. PMID 30939940. S2CID 93000616.
Muhlack RA, Potumarthi R, Jeffery DW (2018). "Sustainable wineries through waste valorisation: A review of grape marc utilisation for value-added products". Waste Management. 72: 99–118. Bibcode:2018WaMan..72...99M. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.011. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 29132780.
Cantos E, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA (2002). "Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50 (20): 5691–5696. doi:10.1021/jf0204102. PMID 12236700.
Xu C, Yagiz Y, Zhao L, et al. (2017). "Fruit quality, nutraceutical and antimicrobial properties of 58 muscadine grape varieties (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) grown in United States". Food Chemistry. 215: 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.163. ISSN 0308-8146. PMID 27542461.
Pastrana-Bonilla E, Akoh CC, Sellappan S, et al. (2003). "Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of muscadine grapes". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (18): 5497–5503. doi:10.1021/jf030113c. PMID 12926904.
Mattivi F, Guzzon R, Vrhovsek U, et al. (2006). "Metabolite Profiling of Grape: Flavonols and Anthocyanins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (20): 7692–7702. doi:10.1021/jf061538c. PMID 17002441.
Beveridge TH, Girard B, Kopp T, et al. (2005). "Yield and Composition of Grape Seed Oils Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Petroleum Ether: Varietal Effects". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (5): 1799–1804. doi:10.1021/jf040295q. PMID 15740076.
Crews C, Hough P, Godward J, et al. (2006). "Quantitation of the Main Constituents of Some Authentic Grape-Seed Oils of Different Origin". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (17): 6261–6265. doi:10.1021/jf060338y. PMID 16910717.
Tangolar SG, Özoğul YI, Tangolar S, et al. (2009). "Evaluation of fatty acid profiles and mineral content of grape seed oil of some grape genotypes". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 60 (1): 32–39. doi:10.1080/09637480701581551. PMID 17886077. S2CID 29294873.
Li X, Wu B, Wang L, et al. (2006). "Extractable Amounts of trans-Resveratrol in Seed and Berry Skin in Vitis Evaluated at the Germplasm Level". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (23): 8804–8811. doi:10.1021/jf061722y. PMID 17090126.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.

nytimes.com

Grapes, Sour or Sweet, Are Ripe for Dessert

oed.com

"currant". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

oregonstate.edu

lpi.oregonstate.edu

"Resveratrol". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2019.

penn.museum

McGovern, Patrick E. (2003). Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture (PDF). Princeton University Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2013.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Waterhouse AL (2002). "Wine phenolics". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 957 (1): 21–36. Bibcode:2002NYASA.957...21W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x. PMID 12074959. S2CID 36937910.
Gómez-Brandón M, Lores M, Insam H, et al. (2 April 2019). "Strategies for recycling and valorization of grape marc". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 39 (4): 437–450. doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1555514. ISSN 0738-8551. PMID 30939940. S2CID 93000616.
Ector BJ, Magee JB, Hegwood CP, et al. (1996). "Resveratrol Concentration in Muscadine Berries, Juice, Pomace, Purees, Seeds, and Wines". Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 47 (1): 57–62. doi:10.5344/ajev.1996.47.1.57. S2CID 98822789. Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
Tangolar SG, Özoğul YI, Tangolar S, et al. (2009). "Evaluation of fatty acid profiles and mineral content of grape seed oil of some grape genotypes". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 60 (1): 32–39. doi:10.1080/09637480701581551. PMID 17886077. S2CID 29294873.

sweetwatercellars.com

"Thompson Seedless Grape Juice". sweetwatercellars.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.

uni-karlsruhe.de

rz.uni-karlsruhe.de

This, Patrice, Lacombe, Thierry, Thomash, Mark R. (2006). "Historical Origins and Genetic Diversity of Wine Grapes" (PDF). Trends in Genetics. 22 (9): 511–519. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.07.008. PMID 16872714. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013.

web.archive.org

This, Patrice, Lacombe, Thierry, Thomash, Mark R. (2006). "Historical Origins and Genetic Diversity of Wine Grapes" (PDF). Trends in Genetics. 22 (9): 511–519. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.07.008. PMID 16872714. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013.
McGovern, Patrick E. (2003). Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture (PDF). Princeton University Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2013.
McGovern, P. E. "Georgia: Homeland of Winemaking and Viticulture". Archived from the original on 30 May 2013.
Keys, David (2003-12-28) Now that's what you call a real vintage: professor unearths 8,000-year-old wine Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine. archaeology.ws.
Owen J (12 January 2011). "Earliest Known Winery Found in Armenian Cave". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
"Grape". Better Health Channel Victoria. October 2015. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
"The most widely planted grape in the world". freshplaza.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
"WineLoversPage – Straight talk in plain English about fine wine". WineLoversPage. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
Reisch BI, Peterson DV, Martens M-H. "Seedless Grapes" Archived 2008-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, in "Table Grape Varieties for Cool Climates", Information Bulletin 234, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, retrieved December 30, 2008.
"Thompson Seedless Grape Juice". sweetwatercellars.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
Ector BJ, Magee JB, Hegwood CP, et al. (1996). "Resveratrol Concentration in Muscadine Berries, Juice, Pomace, Purees, Seeds, and Wines". Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 47 (1): 57–62. doi:10.5344/ajev.1996.47.1.57. S2CID 98822789. Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
Raisins/Grapes Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. The Merck Veterinary Manual.

winehistory.com

McGovern, P. E. "Georgia: Homeland of Winemaking and Viticulture". Archived from the original on 30 May 2013.

wineloverspage.com

"WineLoversPage – Straight talk in plain English about fine wine". WineLoversPage. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Gómez-Brandón M, Lores M, Insam H, et al. (2 April 2019). "Strategies for recycling and valorization of grape marc". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 39 (4): 437–450. doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1555514. ISSN 0738-8551. PMID 30939940. S2CID 93000616.
Muhlack RA, Potumarthi R, Jeffery DW (2018). "Sustainable wineries through waste valorisation: A review of grape marc utilisation for value-added products". Waste Management. 72: 99–118. Bibcode:2018WaMan..72...99M. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.011. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 29132780.
Xu C, Yagiz Y, Zhao L, et al. (2017). "Fruit quality, nutraceutical and antimicrobial properties of 58 muscadine grape varieties (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) grown in United States". Food Chemistry. 215: 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.163. ISSN 0308-8146. PMID 27542461.