Graphics processing unit (English Wikipedia)

Wiegers, Karl E. (April 1984). "Atari Display List Interrupts". Compute! (47): 161. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
Wiegers, Karl E. (December 1985). "Atari Fine Scrolling". Compute! (67): 110. Archived from the original on 2006-02-16.

axiomgaming.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

gpus.axiomgaming.net

"GPU Memory Bandwidth Evolution 2007-2025: NVIDIA AMD Intel". Axiom Gaming. Retrieved 17 August 2025.

bethesda.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

help.bethesda.net

"Bethesda Support". help.bethesda.net. Retrieved 2026-06-07.

bham.ac.uk (Global: 6,455^th place; English: 3,713^th place)

cs.bham.ac.uk

Nickolls, John (July 2008). "Stanford Lecture: Scalable Parallel Programming with CUDA on Manycore GPUs". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2016-10-11.
- Harding, S.; Banzhaf, W. "Fast genetic programming on GPUs". Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
- Langdon, W.; Banzhaf, W. "A SIMD interpreter for Genetic Programming on GPU Graphics Cards". Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-05-01.

bit-tech.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nvidia GeForce GTX 680 2GB Review". Archived from the original on 2016-09-11. Retrieved 2016-08-03.

blackmagicdesign.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

documents.blackmagicdesign.com

"Hardware Selection and Configuration Guide DaVinci Resolve 15" (PDF). BlackMagic Design. 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2022.

blacksmith-studios.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dreijer, Søren. "Bump Mapping Using CG (3rd Edition)". Archived from the original on 2010-01-20. Retrieved 2007-05-30.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Hopgood, F. Robert A.; Hubbold, Roger J.; Duce, David A., eds. (1986). Advances in Computer Graphics II. Springer. p. 169. ISBN 9783540169109. Perhaps the best known one is the NEC 7220.
Wolf, Mark J. P. (June 2012). Before the Crash: Early Video Game History. Wayne State University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0814337226.
Brownstein, Mark (November 14, 1988). "NEC Forms Video Standards Group". InfoWorld. Vol. 10, no. 46. p. 3. ISSN 0199-6649. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
"S3 Video Boards". InfoWorld. 14 (20): 62. May 18, 1992. Archived from the original on November 22, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
"What the numbers mean". PC Magazine. 12: 128. 23 February 1993. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- Singer, Graham. "The History of the Modern Graphics Processor". Techspot. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- Sanders, Jason; Kandrot, Edward (2010-07-19). CUDA by Example: An Introduction to General-Purpose GPU Programming, Portable Documents. Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN 9780132180139. Archived from the original on 2017-04-12.

chaosgroup.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"V-Ray for Nuke – Ray Traced Rendering for Compositors | Chaos Group".
- "System Requirements | Nuke | Foundry".

cnet.com (Global: 447^th place; English: 345^th place)

"AMD Radeon HD 6000M series – don't call it ATI!". CNET. Archived from the original on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2016-08-03.

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

Anderson, Marian (2018-07-18). "Famous Graphics Chips: NEC μPD7220 Graphics Display Controller". IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
Anderson, Marian (2018-10-07). "GPU History: Hitachi ARTC HD63484". IEEE Computer Society. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
"Famous Graphics Chips: TI TMS34010 and VRAM. The first programmable graphics processor chip | IEEE Computer Society". 10 January 2019.
"Is it Time to Rename the GPU? | IEEE Computer Society". 17 July 2018.

dadgum.com (Global: low place; English: 7,456^th place)

prog21.dadgum.com

Hague, James (September 10, 2013). "Why Do Dedicated Game Consoles Exist?". Programming in the 21st Century. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.

digitaltrends.com (Global: 2,318^th place; English: 1,437^th place)

"School's in session – Nvidia's driverless system learns by watching". 2016-04-30. Archived from the original on 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2016-08-03.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Raina, Rajat; Madhavan, Anand; Ng, Andrew Y. (2009-06-14). "Large-scale deep unsupervised learning using graphics processors". Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning – ICML '09. Dl.acm.org. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/1553374.1553486. ISBN 9781605585161. S2CID 392458.
Liepe; et al. (2010). "ABC-SysBio—approximate Bayesian computation in Python with GPU support". Bioinformatics. 26 (14): 1797–1799. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq278. PMC 2894518. PMID 20591907. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2010-10-15.

engadget.com (Global: 613^th place; English: 442^nd place)

Murph, Darren (29 September 2006). "Stanford University tailors Folding@home to GPUs". Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-04.

eurogamer.net (Global: 264^th place; English: 185^th place)

Judd, Will (October 28, 2020). "AMD unveils three Radeon 6000 graphics cards with ray tracing and RTX-beating performance". Eurogamer. Retrieved October 28, 2020.

extremetech.com (Global: 6,470^th place; English: 4,882^nd place)

Hruska, Joel (February 10, 2021). "How Do Graphics Cards Work?". Extreme Tech. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
"Xbox One vs. PlayStation 4: Which game console is best?". ExtremeTech. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 2019-05-13.

foldingathome.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What about multi-GPU support? – Folding@home".

foundry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"V-Ray for Nuke – Ray Traced Rendering for Compositors | Chaos Group".
- "System Requirements | Nuke | Foundry".

fudzilla.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Abazovic, F. (3 July 2015). "Crossfire and SLI market is just 300.000 units". fudzilla. Retrieved 24 December 2023.

fujitsu.com (Global: 7,626^th place; English: low place)

fujitsu.com

"3D Graphics Processor Chip Set" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
- "3D-CG System with Video Texturing for Personal Computers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-06. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
pr.fujitsu.com
- "Fujitsu Develops World's First Three Dimensional Geometry Processor". fujitsu.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-12.

gamingscan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Best External Graphics Card 2020 (EGPU) [The Complete Guide]". 16 March 2020.

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

"mame/8080bw.c at master 路 mamedev/mame 路 GitHub". GitHub.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
- "mame/mw8080bw.c at master 路 mamedev/mame 路 GitHub". GitHub.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
- "mame/galaxian.c at master 路 mamedev/mame 路 GitHub". GitHub.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
- "mame/galaxian.c at master 路 mamedev/mame 路 GitHub". GitHub.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  - "MAME – src/mame/drivers/galdrvr.c". Archived from the original on 3 January 2014.

hardcoregaming101.net (Global: 2,881^st place; English: 1,536^th place)

"Hardcore Gaming 101: Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier". hardcoregaming101.net. Archived from the original on 2011-01-13.

hardwaresecrets.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Coelho, Rafael (18 January 2016). "Does dual-channel memory make difference on integrated video performance?". Hardware Secrets. Retrieved 4 January 2019.

hexus.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mujtaba, Hassan (2020-11-30). "AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT 'Navi 22 GPU' Custom Models Reportedly Boost Up To 2.95 GHz". Wccftech. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- Tyson, Mark (December 3, 2020). "AMD CEO keynote scheduled for CES 2020 on 12th January". HEXUS. Retrieved 2020-12-03.

hotchips.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"3D Graphics Processor Chip Set" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
- "3D-CG System with Video Texturing for Personal Computers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-06. Retrieved 2016-08-08.

hothardware.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Funk, Ben (December 12, 2020). "Sony PS5 Gets A Full Teardown Detailing Its RDNA 2 Guts And Glory". Hot Hardware. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2021.

intel.com (Global: 1,727^th place; English: 1,234^th place)

Lake, Adam T. "Getting the Most from OpenCL™ 1.2: How to Increase Performance by..." Intel. Retrieved 2024-01-08.

jonpeddie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"GPU Q3'22 biggest quarter-to-quarter drop since the 2009 recession". Jon Peddie Research. 2022-11-20. Retrieved 2023-06-06.

khronos.org (Global: low place; English: 8,658^th place)

"OpenCL – The open standard for parallel programming of heterogeneous systems". khronos.org. Archived from the original on 2011-08-09.

kinja.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

xenol.kinja.com

"The Nintendo 64 is one of the greatest gaming devices of all time". xenol. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18.

mamedev.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"mame/galaxian.c at master 路 mamedev/mame 路 GitHub". GitHub.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
- "MAME – src/mame/drivers/galdrvr.c". Archived from the original on 3 January 2014.
- "MAME – src/mame/video/model2.c". Archived from the original on 4 January 2013.

matrox.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Matrox Graphics – Products – Graphics Cards". Matrox.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-05. Retrieved 2014-01-21.

nfggames.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"X68000". Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-09-12.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Liepe; et al. (2010). "ABC-SysBio—approximate Bayesian computation in Python with GPU support". Bioinformatics. 26 (14): 1797–1799. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq278. PMC 2894518. PMID 20591907. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2010-10-15.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Liepe; et al. (2010). "ABC-SysBio—approximate Bayesian computation in Python with GPU support". Bioinformatics. 26 (14): 1797–1799. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq278. PMC 2894518. PMID 20591907. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2010-10-15.

nvidia.com (Global: 2,958^th place; English: 2,263^rd place)

nvidia.com

"Kepler TM GK110" (PDF). NVIDIA Corporation. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
"NVIDIA Volta AI Architecture". NVIDIA. Retrieved 2026-03-03.

devblogs.nvidia.com

"NVIDIA FFmpeg Transcoding Guide". 24 July 2019.

developer.nvidia.com

"OpenGL". NVIDIA Developer. Archived from the original on 2026-04-01. Retrieved 2026-06-05.

octopusrift.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Building a PC for the HTC Vive". 2016-06-16. Archived from the original on 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2016-08-03.

old-computers.com (Global: 9,539^th place; English: 9,919^th place)

"museum ~ Sharp X68000". Old-computers.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-19. Retrieved 2015-01-28.

oxfordjournals.org (Global: 1,550^th place; English: 3,406^th place)

bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org

Liepe; et al. (2010). "ABC-SysBio—approximate Bayesian computation in Python with GPU support". Bioinformatics. 26 (14): 1797–1799. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq278. PMC 2894518. PMID 20591907. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2010-10-15.

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889^th place; English: 1,323^rd place)

"Nvidia's monstrous Pascal GPU is packed with cutting-edge tech and 15 billion transistors". 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-07-31. Retrieved 2016-08-03.

polygon.com (Global: 215^th place; English: 150^th place)

Sarkar, Samit (20 August 2018). "Nvidia RTX 2070, RTX 2080, RTX 2080 Ti GPUs revealed: specs, price, release date". Polygon. Retrieved 11 September 2019.

priem.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Priem Family Foundation".

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

"Linear algebra operators for GPU implementation of numerical algorithms", Kruger and Westermann, International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, 2005

pugetsystems.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Recommended System: Recommended Systems for DaVinci Resolve". Puget Systems.
- "GPU Accelerated Rendering and Hardware Encoding".
- "V-Ray Next Multi-GPU Performance Scaling". 20 August 2019.
  - "FAQ | GPU-accelerated 3D rendering software | Redshift". Archived from the original on 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2020-03-03.

quantumzeitgeist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What Happened to the Silicon Graphics Company?". Quantum Zeitgeist. July 5, 2024.

redshift3d.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"V-Ray Next Multi-GPU Performance Scaling". 20 August 2019.
- "FAQ | GPU-accelerated 3D rendering software | Redshift". Archived from the original on 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2020-03-03.

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

Pan, Che (31 July 2023). "Blacklisted Jingjia Micro to develop GPUs in Wuxi in latest chip self sufficiency move". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 20 January 2025.

sdtimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Handy, Alex (2011-09-28). "AMD helps OpenCL gain ground in HPC space". SD Times. Retrieved 2023-06-04.

seanriddle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Riddle, Sean. "Blitter Information". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Raina, Rajat; Madhavan, Anand; Ng, Andrew Y. (2009-06-14). "Large-scale deep unsupervised learning using graphics processors". Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning – ICML '09. Dl.acm.org. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1145/1553374.1553486. ISBN 9781605585161. S2CID 392458.

softpedia.com (Global: 4,174^th place; English: 3,327^th place)

news.softpedia.com

Teglet, Traian (8 January 2010). "NVIDIA Tegra Inside Every Audi 2010 Vehicle". Archived from the original on 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2016-08-03.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

graphics.stanford.edu

Houston, Mike. "Folding@Home – GPGPU". Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
James H. Clark (1982). "The Geometry Engine:A VLSI Geometry System for Graphics" (PDF). Palo Alto: Stanford University.

system16.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"System 16 – Namco System 21 Hardware (Namco)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18.
"System 16 – Taito Air System Hardware (Taito)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-16.
"System 16 – Namco Magic Edge Hornet Simulator Hardware (Namco)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-12.
"System 16 – Sega Model 2 Hardware (Sega)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-21.

techradar.com (Global: 1,513^th place; English: 964^th place)

"Nvidia SLI and AMD CrossFire is dead – but should we mourn multi-GPU gaming? | TechRadar". 24 August 2019.
Mohr, Neil. "How to make an external laptop graphics adaptor". TechRadar. Archived from the original on 2017-06-26.

techspot.com (Global: 9,385^th place; English: 6,623^rd place)

Cal Jeffrey (November 10, 2022). "Silicon Graphics: Gone But Not Forgotten". Techspot.
"What the numbers mean". PC Magazine. 12: 128. 23 February 1993. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- Singer, Graham. "The History of the Modern Graphics Processor". Techspot. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.

tgdaily.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Graphics chips market is showing some life". TG Daily. August 20, 2014. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 686^th place; English: 383^rd place)

"Mitsubishi's 3DPro/2mp Chipset Sets New Records for Fastest 3D Graphics Accelerator for Windows NT Systems; 3DPro/2mp grabs Viewperf performance lead; other high-end benchmark tests clearly show that 3DPro's performance outdistances all Windows NT competitors". Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2022-02-18.

thetechaltar.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Is Multi-GPU Dead?". 7 January 2018.

theverge.com (Global: 208^th place; English: 158^th place)

Gartenberg, Chaim (March 18, 2020). "Sony reveals full PS5 hardware specifications". The Verge. Retrieved January 3, 2021.

tomshardware.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 1,982^nd place)

"Evolution of Intel Graphics: I740 to Iris Pro". 4 February 2017.
"AMD to Introduce New Next-Gen RDNA GPUs in 2020, Not a Typical 'Refresh' of Navi". Tom's Hardware. 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
- Garreffa, Anthony (September 9, 2020). "AMD to reveal next-gen Big Navi RDNA 2 graphics cards on October 28". TweakTown. Retrieved September 9, 2020.

top500.org (Global: 8,086^th place; English: 7,694^th place)

"June 2026 | TOP500". Top500.org. Archived from the original on 2026-08-22. Retrieved 2026-08-24.

tsmc.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited". www.tsmc.com. Archived from the original on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-03.

tweaktown.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AMD to Introduce New Next-Gen RDNA GPUs in 2020, Not a Typical 'Refresh' of Navi". Tom's Hardware. 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
- Garreffa, Anthony (September 9, 2020). "AMD to reveal next-gen Big Navi RDNA 2 graphics cards on October 28". TweakTown. Retrieved September 9, 2020.

vgamuseum.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Vlask. "VGA Legacy MKIII – Diamond Fire GL 4000 (Mitsubishi 3DPro/2mp)". Archived from the original on 2015-11-18.

vive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"VIVE Ready Computers". Vive. Archived from the original on 2016-02-24. Retrieved 2021-07-30.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Springmann, Alessondra. "Atari 2600 Teardown: What?s Inside Your Old Console?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015.

wccftech.com (Global: 6,369^th place; English: 4,426^th place)

"AMD RX 480, 470 & 460 Polaris GPUs To Deliver The 'Most Revolutionary Jump In Performance' Yet". 2016-01-16. Archived from the original on 2016-08-01. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
Mujtaba, Hassan (2020-11-30). "AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT 'Navi 22 GPU' Custom Models Reportedly Boost Up To 2.95 GHz". Wccftech. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- Tyson, Mark (December 3, 2020). "AMD CEO keynote scheduled for CES 2020 on 12th January". HEXUS. Retrieved 2020-12-03.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Matrox Graphics – Products – Graphics Cards". Matrox.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-05. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
"V-Ray Next Multi-GPU Performance Scaling". 20 August 2019.
- "FAQ | GPU-accelerated 3D rendering software | Redshift". Archived from the original on 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
- Tscheblockov, Tim. "Xbit Labs: Roundup of 7 Contemporary Integrated Graphics Chipsets for Socket 478 and Socket A Platforms". X-bit labs. Archived from the original on 2007-05-26. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
- Shimpi, Anand Lal. "AMD Outlines HSA Roadmap: Unified Memory for CPU/GPU in 2013, HSA GPUs in 2014". www.anandtech.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
- Murph, Darren (29 September 2006). "Stanford University tailors Folding@home to GPUs". Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
- Houston, Mike. "Folding@Home – GPGPU". Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
- "June 2026 | TOP500". Top500.org. Archived from the original on 2026-08-22. Retrieved 2026-08-24.
- Nickolls, John (July 2008). "Stanford Lecture: Scalable Parallel Programming with CUDA on Manycore GPUs". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2016-10-11.
  - Harding, S.; Banzhaf, W. "Fast genetic programming on GPUs". Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  - Langdon, W.; Banzhaf, W. "A SIMD interpreter for Genetic Programming on GPU Graphics Cards". Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  - Mohr, Neil. "How to make an external laptop graphics adaptor". TechRadar. Archived from the original on 2017-06-26.
  - Hague, James (September 10, 2013). "Why Do Dedicated Game Consoles Exist?". Programming in the 21st Century. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  - "mame/galaxian.c at master 路 mamedev/mame 路 GitHub". GitHub.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
    - "MAME – src/mame/drivers/galdrvr.c". Archived from the original on 3 January 2014.
    - Springmann, Alessondra. "Atari 2600 Teardown: What?s Inside Your Old Console?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
    - "What are the 6502, ANTIC, CTIA/GTIA, POKEY, and FREDDIE chips?". Atari8.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
    - Wiegers, Karl E. (April 1984). "Atari Display List Interrupts". Compute! (47): 161. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
    - Wiegers, Karl E. (December 1985). "Atari Fine Scrolling". Compute! (67): 110. Archived from the original on 2006-02-16.
    - Riddle, Sean. "Blitter Information". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22.
    - "X68000". Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-09-12.
    - "museum ~ Sharp X68000". Old-computers.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-19. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
    - "Hardcore Gaming 101: Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier". hardcoregaming101.net. Archived from the original on 2011-01-13.
    - "System 16 – Namco System 21 Hardware (Namco)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18.
    - "System 16 – Taito Air System Hardware (Taito)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-16.
    - "OpenGL". NVIDIA Developer. Archived from the original on 2026-04-01. Retrieved 2026-06-05.
    - "S3 Video Boards". InfoWorld. 14 (20): 62. May 18, 1992. Archived from the original on November 22, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
    - "What the numbers mean". PC Magazine. 12: 128. 23 February 1993. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
      - Singer, Graham. "The History of the Modern Graphics Processor". Techspot. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
      - "System 16 – Namco Magic Edge Hornet Simulator Hardware (Namco)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-12.
      - "MAME – src/mame/video/model2.c". Archived from the original on 4 January 2013.
      - "System 16 – Sega Model 2 Hardware (Sega)". system16.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-21.
      - "3D Graphics Processor Chip Set" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
        "3D-CG System with Video Texturing for Personal Computers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-06. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
        "Fujitsu Develops World's First Three Dimensional Geometry Processor". fujitsu.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-12.
        "The Nintendo 64 is one of the greatest gaming devices of all time". xenol. Archived from the original on 2015-11-18.
        "Mitsubishi's 3DPro/2mp Chipset Sets New Records for Fastest 3D Graphics Accelerator for Windows NT Systems; 3DPro/2mp grabs Viewperf performance lead; other high-end benchmark tests clearly show that 3DPro's performance outdistances all Windows NT competitors". Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
        Vlask. "VGA Legacy MKIII – Diamond Fire GL 4000 (Mitsubishi 3DPro/2mp)". Archived from the original on 2015-11-18.
        Dreijer, Søren. "Bump Mapping Using CG (3rd Edition)". Archived from the original on 2010-01-20. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
        Liepe; et al. (2010). "ABC-SysBio—approximate Bayesian computation in Python with GPU support". Bioinformatics. 26 (14): 1797–1799. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq278. PMC 2894518. PMID 20591907. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
        Sanders, Jason; Kandrot, Edward (2010-07-19). CUDA by Example: An Introduction to General-Purpose GPU Programming, Portable Documents. Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN 9780132180139. Archived from the original on 2017-04-12.
        "OpenCL – The open standard for parallel programming of heterogeneous systems". khronos.org. Archived from the original on 2011-08-09.
        Teglet, Traian (8 January 2010). "NVIDIA Tegra Inside Every Audi 2010 Vehicle". Archived from the original on 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "School's in session – Nvidia's driverless system learns by watching". 2016-04-30. Archived from the original on 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "AMD Radeon HD 6000M series – don't call it ATI!". CNET. Archived from the original on 2016-10-11. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "Nvidia GeForce GTX 680 2GB Review". Archived from the original on 2016-09-11. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "Kepler TM GK110" (PDF). NVIDIA Corporation. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
        "Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited". www.tsmc.com. Archived from the original on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "Building a PC for the HTC Vive". 2016-06-16. Archived from the original on 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "VIVE Ready Computers". Vive. Archived from the original on 2016-02-24. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
        "Nvidia's monstrous Pascal GPU is packed with cutting-edge tech and 15 billion transistors". 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-07-31. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "AMD RX 480, 470 & 460 Polaris GPUs To Deliver The 'Most Revolutionary Jump In Performance' Yet". 2016-01-16. Archived from the original on 2016-08-01. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
        "AMD Teases Radeon RX 6000 Card Performance Numbers: Aiming For 3080?". AnandTech. 2020-10-08. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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xbitlabs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)

Nickolls, John (July 2008). "Stanford Lecture: Scalable Parallel Programming with CUDA on Manycore GPUs". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2016-10-11.
- Harding, S.; Banzhaf, W. "Fast genetic programming on GPUs". Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-05-01.

Graphics processing unit (English Wikipedia)

adobe.com (Global: 2,320th place; English: 1,990th place)

helpx.adobe.com

amd.com (Global: 2,753rd place; English: 2,229th place)

anandtech.com (Global: 1,850th place; English: 1,272nd place)

atari8.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

atarimagazines.com (Global: low place; English: 6,236th place)

axiomgaming.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

gpus.axiomgaming.net

bethesda.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

help.bethesda.net

bham.ac.uk (Global: 6,455th place; English: 3,713th place)

cs.bham.ac.uk

bit-tech.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

blackmagicdesign.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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blacksmith-studios.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

chaosgroup.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnet.com (Global: 447th place; English: 345th place)

computer.org (Global: 6,549th place; English: 4,616th place)

dadgum.com (Global: low place; English: 7,456th place)

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digitaltrends.com (Global: 2,318th place; English: 1,437th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

engadget.com (Global: 613th place; English: 442nd place)

eurogamer.net (Global: 264th place; English: 185th place)

extremetech.com (Global: 6,470th place; English: 4,882nd place)

foldingathome.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

foundry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fudzilla.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fujitsu.com (Global: 7,626th place; English: low place)

fujitsu.com

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gamingscan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

github.com (Global: 380th place; English: 337th place)

hardcoregaming101.net (Global: 2,881st place; English: 1,536th place)

hardwaresecrets.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hexus.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

hotchips.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

hothardware.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

intel.com (Global: 1,727th place; English: 1,234th place)

jonpeddie.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

khronos.org (Global: low place; English: 8,658th place)

kinja.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

xenol.kinja.com

mamedev.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

matrox.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nfggames.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nvidia.com (Global: 2,958th place; English: 2,263rd place)

nvidia.com

devblogs.nvidia.com

developer.nvidia.com

octopusrift.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

old-computers.com (Global: 9,539th place; English: 9,919th place)

oxfordjournals.org (Global: 1,550th place; English: 3,406th place)

bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889th place; English: 1,323rd place)

polygon.com (Global: 215th place; English: 150th place)

priem.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

psu.edu (Global: 299th place; English: 159th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

pugetsystems.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

quantumzeitgeist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

redshift3d.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

scmp.com (Global: 302nd place; English: 189th place)

sdtimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

seanriddle.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

softpedia.com (Global: 4,174th place; English: 3,327th place)

news.softpedia.com

stanford.edu (Global: 194th place; English: 182nd place)

graphics.stanford.edu

system16.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

techradar.com (Global: 1,513th place; English: 964th place)

techspot.com (Global: 9,385th place; English: 6,623rd place)

adobe.com (Global: 2,320^th place; English: 1,990^th place)

amd.com (Global: 2,753^rd place; English: 2,229^th place)

anandtech.com (Global: 1,850^th place; English: 1,272^nd place)

atarimagazines.com (Global: low place; English: 6,236^th place)

bham.ac.uk (Global: 6,455^th place; English: 3,713^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cnet.com (Global: 447^th place; English: 345^th place)

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

dadgum.com (Global: low place; English: 7,456^th place)

digitaltrends.com (Global: 2,318^th place; English: 1,437^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

engadget.com (Global: 613^th place; English: 442^nd place)

eurogamer.net (Global: 264^th place; English: 185^th place)

extremetech.com (Global: 6,470^th place; English: 4,882^nd place)

fujitsu.com (Global: 7,626^th place; English: low place)

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

hardcoregaming101.net (Global: 2,881^st place; English: 1,536^th place)

intel.com (Global: 1,727^th place; English: 1,234^th place)

khronos.org (Global: low place; English: 8,658^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nvidia.com (Global: 2,958^th place; English: 2,263^rd place)

old-computers.com (Global: 9,539^th place; English: 9,919^th place)

oxfordjournals.org (Global: 1,550^th place; English: 3,406^th place)

pcworld.com (Global: 1,889^th place; English: 1,323^rd place)

polygon.com (Global: 215^th place; English: 150^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

softpedia.com (Global: 4,174^th place; English: 3,327^th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

techradar.com (Global: 1,513^th place; English: 964^th place)

techspot.com (Global: 9,385^th place; English: 6,623^rd place)

thefreelibrary.com (Global: 686^th place; English: 383^rd place)

theverge.com (Global: 208^th place; English: 158^th place)

tomshardware.com (Global: 3,042^nd place; English: 1,982^nd place)

top500.org (Global: 8,086^th place; English: 7,694^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

wccftech.com (Global: 6,369^th place; English: 4,426^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

youtube.com (Global: 13^th place; English: 14^th place)