Gravitational lens (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Gravitational lens" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

17doi.org

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16harvard.edu

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13semanticscholar.org

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11spacetelescope.org

8,860^th place

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10arxiv.org

69^th place

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9books.google.com

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8nih.gov

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5web.archive.org

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4nasa.gov

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2nytimes.com

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2zenodo.org

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2sciencedaily.com

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1nd.edu

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1einstein-online.info

low place

1worldcat.org

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1abc.net.au

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1wikisource.org

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1caltech.edu

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1penguin.co.uk

5,157^th place

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1sci-news.com

low place

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1noirlab.edu

low place

1hubblesite.org

6,632^nd place

7,237^th place

1eso.org

3,034^th place

2,650^th place

abc.net.au

"Gravity Lens – Part 2 (Great Moments in Science, ABS Science)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 5 November 2001.

arxiv.org

Tilman Sauer (2008). "Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (1): 1–22. arXiv:0704.0963. Bibcode:2008AHES...62....1S. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0008-4. S2CID 17384823.
Will, C.M. (2006). "The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment". Living Reviews in Relativity. 9 (1): 39. arXiv:gr-qc/0510072. Bibcode:2006LRR.....9....3W. doi:10.12942/lrr-2006-3. PMC 5256066. PMID 28179873.
Cassan, A.; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.; Greenhill, J.; Wambsganss, J.; Menzies, J.; Williams, A. (2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations". Nature. 481 (7380): 167–169. arXiv:1202.0903. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..167C. doi:10.1038/nature10684. PMID 22237108. S2CID 2614136.
van der Wel, A.; et al. (2013). "Discovery of a Quadruple Lens in CANDELS with a Record Lens Redshift". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 777 (1): L17. arXiv:1309.2826. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777L..17V. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L17. S2CID 55728208.
Wong, K.; et al. (2014). "Discovery of a Strong Lensing Galaxy Embedded in a Cluster at z = 1.62". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 789 (2): L31. arXiv:1405.3661. Bibcode:2014ApJ...789L..31W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/789/2/L31. S2CID 56376674.
Hanson, D.; et al. (Sep 30, 2013). "Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope". Physical Review Letters. 14. 111 (14): 141301. arXiv:1307.5830. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111n1301H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. PMID 24138230. S2CID 9437637.
Geoffrey A. Landis, "Mission to the Gravitational Focus of the Sun: A Critical Analysis," ArXiv, paper 1604.06351, Cornell University, 21 Apr 2016 (downloaded 30 April 2016)
Landis, Geoffrey A., “Mission to the Gravitational Focus of the Sun: A Critical Analysis,” paper AIAA-2017-1679, AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition 2017, Grapevine TX, January 9–13, 2017. Preprint at arXiv.org (accessed 24 December 2016).
Kaiser, Nick; Squires, Gordon; Broadhurst, Tom (August 1995). "A Method for Weak Lensing Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 449: 460–475. arXiv:astro-ph/9411005. Bibcode:1995ApJ...449..460K. doi:10.1086/176071. S2CID 119382511.
Luppino, G. A.; Kaiser, Nick (20 January 1997). "Detection of Weak Lensing by a Cluster of Galaxies at z = 0.83". The Astrophysical Journal. 475 (1): 20–28. arXiv:astro-ph/9601194. Bibcode:1997ApJ...475...20L. doi:10.1086/303508. S2CID 6294167.

books.google.com

Bernard F. Schutz (1985). A First Course in General Relativity (illustrated, herdruk ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-521-27703-7.
Wolfgang Rindler (2006). Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological (2nd ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-152433-2. Extract of page 21
Gabor Kunstatter; Jeffrey G Williams; D E Vincent (1992). General Relativity And Relativistic Astrophysics - Proceedings Of The 4th Canadian Conference. World Scientific. p. 100. ISBN 978-981-4554-87-9. Extract of page 100
Pekka Teerikorpi; Mauri Valtonen; K. Lehto; Harry Lehto; Gene Byrd; Arthur Chernin (2008). The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life: The Search for Our Cosmic Roots (illustrated ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-387-09534-9. Extract of page 165
Bičák, Jiří; Ledvinka, Tomáš (2014). General Relativity, Cosmology and Astrophysics: Perspectives 100 years after Einstein's stay in Prague (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 49–50. ISBN 9783319063492.
Claudio Maccone (2009). Deep Space Flight and Communications: Exploiting the Sun as a Gravitational Lens. Springer. ISBN 9783540729433.
Babu, Gutti Jogesh; Feigelson, Eric D. (2007). Statistical Challenges in Modern Astronomy IV: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, 12–15 June 2006, Volume 371 (illustrated ed.). Astronomical Society of the Pacific. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-58381-240-2.
Plionis, Manolis; López-Cruz, O.; Hughes, D. (2008). A Pan-Chromatic View of Clusters of Galaxies and the Large-Scale Structure (illustrated ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-4020-6940-6.
Frederic Courbin, Dante Minniti, Frederic Courbin, Dante Minniti (2008). Gravitational Lensing: An Astrophysical Tool (illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 69. ISBN 978-3-540-45857-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

F. Zwicky (1937). "Nebulae as Gravitational lenses" (PDF). Physical Review. 51 (4): 290. Bibcode:1937PhRv...51..290Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.290. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-12-26.

doi.org

Tilman Sauer (2008). "Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (1): 1–22. arXiv:0704.0963. Bibcode:2008AHES...62....1S. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0008-4. S2CID 17384823.
Lodge, Oliver J. (December 1919). "Gravitation and Light". Nature. 104 (2614): 354. Bibcode:1919Natur.104..354L. doi:10.1038/104354a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4157815.
Will, C.M. (2006). "The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment". Living Reviews in Relativity. 9 (1): 39. arXiv:gr-qc/0510072. Bibcode:2006LRR.....9....3W. doi:10.12942/lrr-2006-3. PMC 5256066. PMID 28179873.
Dyson, F. W.; Eddington, A. S.; Davidson C. (1920). "A determination of the deflection of light by the Sun's gravitational field, from observations made at the total eclipse of 29 May 1919". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 220A (571–581): 291–333. Bibcode:1920RSPTA.220..291D. doi:10.1098/rsta.1920.0009.
Stanley, Matthew (2003). "'An Expedition to Heal the Wounds of War': The 1919 Eclipse and Eddington as Quaker Adventurer". Isis. 94 (1): 57–89. Bibcode:2003Isis...94...57S. doi:10.1086/376099. PMID 12725104. S2CID 25615643.
Dyson, F. W.; Eddington, A. S.; Davidson, C. (1 January 1920). "A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Total Eclipse of May 29, 1919". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 220 (571–581): 291–333. Bibcode:1920RSPTA.220..291D. doi:10.1098/rsta.1920.0009.
F. Zwicky (1937). "Nebulae as Gravitational lenses" (PDF). Physical Review. 51 (4): 290. Bibcode:1937PhRv...51..290Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.290. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-12-26.
Walsh, D.; Carswell, R. F.; Weymann, R. J. (31 May 1979). "0957 + 561 A, B: twin quasistellar objects or gravitational lens?". Nature. 279 (5712): 381–384. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..381W. doi:10.1038/279381a0. PMID 16068158. S2CID 2142707.
Meneghetti, Massimo (2021). Introduction to Gravitational Lensing With Python Examples. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 956. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73582-1. ISBN 978-3-030-73582-1. S2CID 243826707.
Cassan, A.; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.; Greenhill, J.; Wambsganss, J.; Menzies, J.; Williams, A. (2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations". Nature. 481 (7380): 167–169. arXiv:1202.0903. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..167C. doi:10.1038/nature10684. PMID 22237108. S2CID 2614136.
van der Wel, A.; et al. (2013). "Discovery of a Quadruple Lens in CANDELS with a Record Lens Redshift". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 777 (1): L17. arXiv:1309.2826. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777L..17V. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L17. S2CID 55728208.
Wong, K.; et al. (2014). "Discovery of a Strong Lensing Galaxy Embedded in a Cluster at z = 1.62". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 789 (2): L31. arXiv:1405.3661. Bibcode:2014ApJ...789L..31W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/789/2/L31. S2CID 56376674.
Hanson, D.; et al. (Sep 30, 2013). "Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope". Physical Review Letters. 14. 111 (14): 141301. arXiv:1307.5830. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111n1301H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. PMID 24138230. S2CID 9437637.
Einstein, Albert (1936). "Lens-Like Action of a Star by the Deviation of Light in the Gravitational Field". Science. 84 (2188): 506–507. Bibcode:1936Sci....84..506E. doi:10.1126/science.84.2188.506. PMID 17769014. S2CID 38450435.
Eshleman, Von R (1979). "Gravitational lens of the sun: its potential for observations and communications over interstellar distances". Science. 205 (4411): 1133–1135. Bibcode:1979Sci...205.1133E. doi:10.1126/science.205.4411.1133. PMID 17735051. S2CID 27692082.
Kaiser, Nick; Squires, Gordon; Broadhurst, Tom (August 1995). "A Method for Weak Lensing Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 449: 460–475. arXiv:astro-ph/9411005. Bibcode:1995ApJ...449..460K. doi:10.1086/176071. S2CID 119382511.
Luppino, G. A.; Kaiser, Nick (20 January 1997). "Detection of Weak Lensing by a Cluster of Galaxies at z = 0.83". The Astrophysical Journal. 475 (1): 20–28. arXiv:astro-ph/9601194. Bibcode:1997ApJ...475...20L. doi:10.1086/303508. S2CID 6294167.

einstein-online.info

"A brief history of gravitational lensing". Einstein Online. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2016-06-29.

eso.org

"ALMA Rewrites History of Universe's Stellar Baby Boom". ESO. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2013.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Tilman Sauer (2008). "Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (1): 1–22. arXiv:0704.0963. Bibcode:2008AHES...62....1S. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0008-4. S2CID 17384823.
Lodge, Oliver J. (December 1919). "Gravitation and Light". Nature. 104 (2614): 354. Bibcode:1919Natur.104..354L. doi:10.1038/104354a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4157815.
Will, C.M. (2006). "The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment". Living Reviews in Relativity. 9 (1): 39. arXiv:gr-qc/0510072. Bibcode:2006LRR.....9....3W. doi:10.12942/lrr-2006-3. PMC 5256066. PMID 28179873.
Dyson, F. W.; Eddington, A. S.; Davidson C. (1920). "A determination of the deflection of light by the Sun's gravitational field, from observations made at the total eclipse of 29 May 1919". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 220A (571–581): 291–333. Bibcode:1920RSPTA.220..291D. doi:10.1098/rsta.1920.0009.
Stanley, Matthew (2003). "'An Expedition to Heal the Wounds of War': The 1919 Eclipse and Eddington as Quaker Adventurer". Isis. 94 (1): 57–89. Bibcode:2003Isis...94...57S. doi:10.1086/376099. PMID 12725104. S2CID 25615643.
Dyson, F. W.; Eddington, A. S.; Davidson, C. (1 January 1920). "A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Total Eclipse of May 29, 1919". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 220 (571–581): 291–333. Bibcode:1920RSPTA.220..291D. doi:10.1098/rsta.1920.0009.
F. Zwicky (1937). "Nebulae as Gravitational lenses" (PDF). Physical Review. 51 (4): 290. Bibcode:1937PhRv...51..290Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.290. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-12-26.
Walsh, D.; Carswell, R. F.; Weymann, R. J. (31 May 1979). "0957 + 561 A, B: twin quasistellar objects or gravitational lens?". Nature. 279 (5712): 381–384. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..381W. doi:10.1038/279381a0. PMID 16068158. S2CID 2142707.
Cassan, A.; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.; Greenhill, J.; Wambsganss, J.; Menzies, J.; Williams, A. (2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations". Nature. 481 (7380): 167–169. arXiv:1202.0903. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..167C. doi:10.1038/nature10684. PMID 22237108. S2CID 2614136.
van der Wel, A.; et al. (2013). "Discovery of a Quadruple Lens in CANDELS with a Record Lens Redshift". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 777 (1): L17. arXiv:1309.2826. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777L..17V. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L17. S2CID 55728208.
Wong, K.; et al. (2014). "Discovery of a Strong Lensing Galaxy Embedded in a Cluster at z = 1.62". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 789 (2): L31. arXiv:1405.3661. Bibcode:2014ApJ...789L..31W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/789/2/L31. S2CID 56376674.
Hanson, D.; et al. (Sep 30, 2013). "Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope". Physical Review Letters. 14. 111 (14): 141301. arXiv:1307.5830. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111n1301H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. PMID 24138230. S2CID 9437637.
Einstein, Albert (1936). "Lens-Like Action of a Star by the Deviation of Light in the Gravitational Field". Science. 84 (2188): 506–507. Bibcode:1936Sci....84..506E. doi:10.1126/science.84.2188.506. PMID 17769014. S2CID 38450435.
Eshleman, Von R (1979). "Gravitational lens of the sun: its potential for observations and communications over interstellar distances". Science. 205 (4411): 1133–1135. Bibcode:1979Sci...205.1133E. doi:10.1126/science.205.4411.1133. PMID 17735051. S2CID 27692082.
Kaiser, Nick; Squires, Gordon; Broadhurst, Tom (August 1995). "A Method for Weak Lensing Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 449: 460–475. arXiv:astro-ph/9411005. Bibcode:1995ApJ...449..460K. doi:10.1086/176071. S2CID 119382511.
Luppino, G. A.; Kaiser, Nick (20 January 1997). "Detection of Weak Lensing by a Cluster of Galaxies at z = 0.83". The Astrophysical Journal. 475 (1): 20–28. arXiv:astro-ph/9601194. Bibcode:1997ApJ...475...20L. doi:10.1086/303508. S2CID 6294167.

hubblesite.org

"Hubble Determines Mass of Isolated Black Hole Roaming Our Milky Way Galaxy". HubbleSite.org. Retrieved 16 June 2022.

nasa.gov

Chou, Felecia; Weaver, Donna (16 October 2014). "RELEASE 14-283 - NASA's Hubble Finds Extremely Distant Galaxy through Cosmic Magnifying Glass". NASA. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
Hall, Loura (2020-04-06). "Direct Multipixel Imaging and Spectroscopy of an Exoplanet". NASA. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
Loff, Sarah; Dunbar, Brian (February 10, 2015). "Hubble Sees A Smiling Lens". NASA. Retrieved February 10, 2015.

jpl.nasa.gov

Clavin, Whitney; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray (7 January 2014). "NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies". NASA. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

nd.edu

Turner, Christina (February 14, 2006). "The Early History of Gravitational Lensing" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2008.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Will, C.M. (2006). "The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment". Living Reviews in Relativity. 9 (1): 39. arXiv:gr-qc/0510072. Bibcode:2006LRR.....9....3W. doi:10.12942/lrr-2006-3. PMC 5256066. PMID 28179873.
Stanley, Matthew (2003). "'An Expedition to Heal the Wounds of War': The 1919 Eclipse and Eddington as Quaker Adventurer". Isis. 94 (1): 57–89. Bibcode:2003Isis...94...57S. doi:10.1086/376099. PMID 12725104. S2CID 25615643.
Walsh, D.; Carswell, R. F.; Weymann, R. J. (31 May 1979). "0957 + 561 A, B: twin quasistellar objects or gravitational lens?". Nature. 279 (5712): 381–384. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..381W. doi:10.1038/279381a0. PMID 16068158. S2CID 2142707.
Cassan, A.; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.; Greenhill, J.; Wambsganss, J.; Menzies, J.; Williams, A. (2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations". Nature. 481 (7380): 167–169. arXiv:1202.0903. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..167C. doi:10.1038/nature10684. PMID 22237108. S2CID 2614136.
Hanson, D.; et al. (Sep 30, 2013). "Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope". Physical Review Letters. 14. 111 (14): 141301. arXiv:1307.5830. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111n1301H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. PMID 24138230. S2CID 9437637.
Einstein, Albert (1936). "Lens-Like Action of a Star by the Deviation of Light in the Gravitational Field". Science. 84 (2188): 506–507. Bibcode:1936Sci....84..506E. doi:10.1126/science.84.2188.506. PMID 17769014. S2CID 38450435.
Eshleman, Von R (1979). "Gravitational lens of the sun: its potential for observations and communications over interstellar distances". Science. 205 (4411): 1133–1135. Bibcode:1979Sci...205.1133E. doi:10.1126/science.205.4411.1133. PMID 17735051. S2CID 27692082.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Will, C.M. (2006). "The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment". Living Reviews in Relativity. 9 (1): 39. arXiv:gr-qc/0510072. Bibcode:2006LRR.....9....3W. doi:10.12942/lrr-2006-3. PMC 5256066. PMID 28179873.

noirlab.edu

"Doubling the Number of Known Gravitational Lenses". noirlab.edu. Retrieved 3 February 2021.

nytimes.com

Drakeford, Jason; Corum, Jonathan; Overbye, Dennis (March 5, 2015). "Einstein's Telescope - video (02:32)". New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Overbye, Dennis (March 5, 2015). "Astronomers Observe Supernova and Find They're Watching Reruns". New York Times. Retrieved March 5, 2015.

penguin.co.uk

Susskind, Leonard; Friedman, Art (2018). Special Relativity and Classical Field Theory. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780141985015.

sci-news.com

Sci-News.com (21 Oct 2013). "Most Distant Gravitational Lens Discovered". Sci-News.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.

sciencedaily.com

DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (January 21, 2010). "Cosmology: Weak gravitational lensing improves measurements of distant galaxies". ScienceDaily.
NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (October 22, 2013). "Long-sought pattern of ancient light detected". ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 23, 2013.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Tilman Sauer (2008). "Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (1): 1–22. arXiv:0704.0963. Bibcode:2008AHES...62....1S. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0008-4. S2CID 17384823.
Lodge, Oliver J. (December 1919). "Gravitation and Light". Nature. 104 (2614): 354. Bibcode:1919Natur.104..354L. doi:10.1038/104354a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4157815.
Stanley, Matthew (2003). "'An Expedition to Heal the Wounds of War': The 1919 Eclipse and Eddington as Quaker Adventurer". Isis. 94 (1): 57–89. Bibcode:2003Isis...94...57S. doi:10.1086/376099. PMID 12725104. S2CID 25615643.
Walsh, D.; Carswell, R. F.; Weymann, R. J. (31 May 1979). "0957 + 561 A, B: twin quasistellar objects or gravitational lens?". Nature. 279 (5712): 381–384. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..381W. doi:10.1038/279381a0. PMID 16068158. S2CID 2142707.
Meneghetti, Massimo (2021). Introduction to Gravitational Lensing With Python Examples. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 956. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73582-1. ISBN 978-3-030-73582-1. S2CID 243826707.
Cassan, A.; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.; Greenhill, J.; Wambsganss, J.; Menzies, J.; Williams, A. (2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations". Nature. 481 (7380): 167–169. arXiv:1202.0903. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..167C. doi:10.1038/nature10684. PMID 22237108. S2CID 2614136.
van der Wel, A.; et al. (2013). "Discovery of a Quadruple Lens in CANDELS with a Record Lens Redshift". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 777 (1): L17. arXiv:1309.2826. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777L..17V. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L17. S2CID 55728208.
Wong, K.; et al. (2014). "Discovery of a Strong Lensing Galaxy Embedded in a Cluster at z = 1.62". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 789 (2): L31. arXiv:1405.3661. Bibcode:2014ApJ...789L..31W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/789/2/L31. S2CID 56376674.
Hanson, D.; et al. (Sep 30, 2013). "Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope". Physical Review Letters. 14. 111 (14): 141301. arXiv:1307.5830. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111n1301H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. PMID 24138230. S2CID 9437637.
Einstein, Albert (1936). "Lens-Like Action of a Star by the Deviation of Light in the Gravitational Field". Science. 84 (2188): 506–507. Bibcode:1936Sci....84..506E. doi:10.1126/science.84.2188.506. PMID 17769014. S2CID 38450435.
Eshleman, Von R (1979). "Gravitational lens of the sun: its potential for observations and communications over interstellar distances". Science. 205 (4411): 1133–1135. Bibcode:1979Sci...205.1133E. doi:10.1126/science.205.4411.1133. PMID 17735051. S2CID 27692082.
Kaiser, Nick; Squires, Gordon; Broadhurst, Tom (August 1995). "A Method for Weak Lensing Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 449: 460–475. arXiv:astro-ph/9411005. Bibcode:1995ApJ...449..460K. doi:10.1086/176071. S2CID 119382511.
Luppino, G. A.; Kaiser, Nick (20 January 1997). "Detection of Weak Lensing by a Cluster of Galaxies at z = 0.83". The Astrophysical Journal. 475 (1): 20–28. arXiv:astro-ph/9601194. Bibcode:1997ApJ...475...20L. doi:10.1086/303508. S2CID 6294167.

spacetelescope.org

"Helping Hubble". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
"Galaxy cluster MACS J2129-0741 and lensed galaxy MACS2129-1". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
"Hubble Captures a Dozen Sunburst Arc Doppelgangers". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
"Hubble sees the brightest quasar in the early Universe". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
"On the hunt for newborn stars". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
"Warped and distorted". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
"Stretched out image of distant galaxy". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
"Cosmic snake pregnant with stars". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
"Hubble captures gallery of ultra-bright galaxies". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
"Detailed look at a gravitationally lensed supernova". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
"Most distant gravitational lens helps weigh galaxies". ESA/Hubble Press Release. Retrieved 18 October 2013.

web.archive.org

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