Great Renunciation (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Great Renunciation" in English language version.

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Sattar, Noor (May 2022). "Feminine Participation in the Donors World: A Glimpse from the Inscribed Records of the Pāla - Sena Period". The Maha Bodhi The International Buddhist Journal.
Silk 2003, pp. 869–870, 872–873. Silk, J.A. (2003), "The Fruits of Paradox: On the Religious Architecture of the Buddha's Life Story", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 71 (4): 863–881, doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfg102, hdl:1887/3447560, archived from the original on 9 October 2019
For the goddess, see Mevissen (2011, p. 96). For the veiled woman, see Filigenzi (2005, p. 105 note 3). Mevissen, G.J.R. (2011), "The Great Renunciation: Astral Deities in Gandhāra", Pakistan Heritage, 3: 89–112, ISSN 2073-641X Filigenzi, Anna (2005), "Gestures and Things: The Buddha's Robe in Gandharan Art", East and West, 55 (1/4), Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente: 103–116, ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29757639

animenewsnetwork.com

For the disillusionment and the fifteen years, see Cabrera, David (12 July 2011). "Buddha: The Great Departure". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. For the three volumes, see Gray, Richard (14 December 2011). "JFF15 Review: Buddha – The Great Departure". The Reel Bits. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019.

archive.org

Thomas 1951, p. 136. Thomas, E.J. (1951), The History of Buddhist Thought (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge and Kegan Paul, OCLC 49690643
Thomas 1931, p. 53. Thomas, E.J. (1931), The Life of Buddha as Legend and History (PDF) (2nd ed.), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, OCLC 1893707
Thomas 1931, p. 54 note 1. Thomas, E.J. (1931), The Life of Buddha as Legend and History (PDF) (2nd ed.), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, OCLC 1893707
Beal 1875, pp. 128–129. Beal, Samuel (1875), The Romantic Legend of Sâkya Buddha (PDF), Trübner & Co., OCLC 556560794
Strong (2001, The Great Renunciation). For the three kingdoms, see Thomas (1951, p. 137). Strong, J.S. (2001), The Buddha: A Beginner's Guide, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-054-6 Thomas, E.J. (1951), The History of Buddhist Thought (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge and Kegan Paul, OCLC 49690643
Woodward 1997, pp. 50–51. Woodward, M.R. (1997), "The Biographical Imperative in Theravāda Buddhism", in Schober, J. (ed.), Sacred biography in the Buddhist traditions of South and Southeast Asia, University of Hawai'i Press, pp. 40–63, ISBN 978-0-8248-1699-5
Thomas 1931, pp. 56–57. Thomas, E.J. (1931), The Life of Buddha as Legend and History (PDF) (2nd ed.), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, OCLC 1893707
Wells 1939, pp. 139–140. Wells, Kenneth E. (1939), Thai Buddhism: Its Rites and Activities, Bangkok Times Press, OCLC 1004812732
Wells 1939, p. 140, note 1. Wells, Kenneth E. (1939), Thai Buddhism: Its Rites and Activities, Bangkok Times Press, OCLC 1004812732
Schober 1997, pp. 261–262. Schober, J. (1997), "In the Presence of the Buddha: Ritual Veneration of the Burmese Mahāmuni Image", in Schober, J. (ed.), Sacred biography in the Buddhist traditions of South and Southeast Asia, University of Hawai'i Press, pp. 259–288, ISBN 978-0-8248-1699-5
See Jullien (2019, p. xix). For the miracles, see Franklin (2008, p. 32). Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7 Franklin, J.J. (2008), The Lotus and the Lion: Buddhism and the British Empire, Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-4730-3
Franklin 2008, pp. 40, 42–43, 46, 48–49, quote is on page 49. Franklin, J.J. (2008), The Lotus and the Lion: Buddhism and the British Empire, Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-4730-3

books.google.com

Penner 2009, p. 22. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
See Lopez, D.S. (12 July 2019). "Buddha – Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 July 2019 and Penner (2009, p. 24). For the attendants, see Penner. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
Penner 2009, p. 23. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
See Penner (2009, pp. 24–27) and Hiltebeitel (2011, p. 632). Hiltebeitel mentions that the fourth sign was not brought about by deities, though Lopez & McCracken (2014, p. 24) refer to accounts that do describe the ascetic as a disguised deity. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3 Hiltebeitel, Alf (2011), Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-539423-8 Lopez, Donald S.; McCracken, Peggy (2014), In Search of the Christian Buddha: How an Asian Sage Became a Medieval Saint, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-08915-8
Lopez & McCracken 2014, p. 21. Lopez, Donald S.; McCracken, Peggy (2014), In Search of the Christian Buddha: How an Asian Sage Became a Medieval Saint, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-08915-8
Penner 2009, pp. 24–25. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
Penner 2009, pp. 26. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
Keown 2004, p. 267. Keown, Damien (2004), A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-157917-2
Powers 2013, Rāhula. Powers, John (2013), A Concise Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-476-6
Crosby 2013, p. 105. Crosby, Kate (2013), "The Inheritance of Rāhula: Abandoned Child, Boy Monk, Ideal Son and Trainee", in Sasson, Vanessa R. (ed.), Little Buddhas: Children and Childhoods in Buddhist Texts and Traditions, Oxford University Press, pp. 97–123, ISBN 978-0-19-994561-0
Collins (1998, p. 393). For the double translation, see Strong (2001, Incitements to Leave Home). For the Sanskrit rendering of the word in the song, see Hiltebeitel (2011, p. 644). Collins, S. (1998), Nirvana and Other Buddhist Felicities, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-57054-1 Strong, J.S. (2001), The Buddha: A Beginner's Guide, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-054-6 Hiltebeitel, Alf (2011), Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-539423-8
Penner 2009, p. 27. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
Penner 2009, p. 28. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
Penner 2009, p. 154. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3
Keown 2004, p. 137, Kanthaka. Keown, Damien (2004), A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-157917-2
See Buswell & Lopez (2013, Rāhula) and Strong (2001, The Great Renunciation). For the Mahāvastu, see Lopez & McCracken (2014, p. 31). Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-15786-3 Strong, J.S. (2001), The Buddha: A Beginner's Guide, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-054-6 Lopez, Donald S.; McCracken, Peggy (2014), In Search of the Christian Buddha: How an Asian Sage Became a Medieval Saint, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-08915-8
Sasson & Law 2008, p. 69. Sasson, Vanessa R.; Law, Jane Marie (2008), Imagining the Fetus: The Unborn in Myth, Religion, and Culture, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-970174-2
Strong 1997, p. 119. Strong, John S. (1997), "A Family Quest: The Buddha, Yaśodharā, and Rāhula in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya", in Schober, Juliane (ed.), Sacred Biography in the Buddhist Traditions of South and Southeast Asia, pp. 113–28, ISBN 978-0-8248-1699-5
Armstrong 2001, Ch.1. Armstrong, Karen (2001), Buddha, Paw Prints, ISBN 978-1-4395-6868-2
Jestice 2004, p. 193, Compassion and Holy People. Jestice, P.G., ed. (2004), Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1-85109-649-3
Wynne (2015, p. 14). For the multiple levels, see Schumann (1982, p. 21). Wynne, Alexander (2015), Buddhism: An Introduction, I.B. Tauris, ISBN 978-1-84885-397-3 Schumann, H.W. (1982), Der Historische Buddha [The Historical Buddha: The Times, Life, and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism] (in German), translated by Walshe, M. O' C., Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1817-0
Reynolds 1976, p. 43. Reynolds, F.E. (1976), "The Many Lives of Buddha: A Study of Sacred Biography and Theravāda Tradition", in Reynolds, F.E.; Capps, D. (eds.), The Biographical Process: Studies in the History and Psychology of Religion, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 9789027975225
See Wynne (2015, p. 14) and Analayo (2017, The Motivation to Go Forth). For the quote, see Wynne. For the role of old age, etc., see Analayo. Wynne, Alexander (2015), Buddhism: An Introduction, I.B. Tauris, ISBN 978-1-84885-397-3 Analayo, Bhikkhu (2017), A Meditator's Life of the Buddha: Based on the Early Discourses, Windhorse Publications, ISBN 978-1-911407-00-3
Wynne 2015, p. 15. Wynne, Alexander (2015), Buddhism: An Introduction, I.B. Tauris, ISBN 978-1-84885-397-3
Crosby 2013, pp. 108–9. Crosby, Kate (2013), "The Inheritance of Rāhula: Abandoned Child, Boy Monk, Ideal Son and Trainee", in Sasson, Vanessa R. (ed.), Little Buddhas: Children and Childhoods in Buddhist Texts and Traditions, Oxford University Press, pp. 97–123, ISBN 978-0-19-994561-0
See Strong (2001, The Great Departure). For the Mahāvastu, see Lopez & McCracken (2014, pp. 31–32). Strong, J.S. (2001), The Buddha: A Beginner's Guide, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-054-6 Lopez, Donald S.; McCracken, Peggy (2014), In Search of the Christian Buddha: How an Asian Sage Became a Medieval Saint, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-08915-8
Hiltebeitel 2011, pp. 639–641, 643. Hiltebeitel, Alf (2011), Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-539423-8
Keown 2004, p. 335, Wesak. Keown, Damien (2004), A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-157917-2

britannica.com

See Lopez, D.S. (12 July 2019). "Buddha – Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 July 2019 and Strong (2015, Birth and Childhood). Strong mentions Asita's single prediction. Strong, J.S. (2015), Buddhisms: An Introduction, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-506-0
See Lopez, D.S. (12 July 2019). "Buddha – Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 July 2019 and Penner (2009, p. 24). For the attendants, see Penner. Penner, Hans H. (2009), Rediscovering the Buddha: The Legends and Their Interpretations, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-538582-3

cinemagazine.nl

v.d. Ven, Frank. "Osamu Tezukas Buddha - The Great Departure - Tezuka Osamu no Buddha - Akai sabakuyo utsukushiku (2011) recensie" [review]. Cinemagazine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 April 2015.

depauw.edu

Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka in the Great Departure. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Ohnuma 2016. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka as the Buddha's Scapegoat. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019

doi.org

Bareau 1974, p. 243. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka in the Great Departure. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Skilling 2008, pp. 106–107. Skilling, Peter (2008), "New discoveries from South India: The life of the Buddha at Phanigiri, Andhra Pradesh", Arts Asiatiques, 63 (1): 96–118, doi:10.3406/arasi.2008.1664
Pons 2014, p. 29. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
Ohnuma 2016. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka as the Buddha's Scapegoat. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Meeks 2016, pp. 139–40. Meeks, Lori (27 June 2016), "Imagining Rāhula in Medieval Japan", Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 43 (1): 131–51, doi:10.18874/jjrs.43.1.2016.131-151
Brekke 1999, p. 857. Brekke, T. (1999), "The Religious Motivation of the Early Buddhists", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 67 (4): 849–866, doi:10.1093/jaarel/67.4.849
Bareau 1974, p. 267. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 213. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 263. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, pp. 238 note 1, 241, 245 note 1, 246, 264. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 249. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 253. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Brekke 1999, pp. 857–859, 861. Brekke, T. (1999), "The Religious Motivation of the Early Buddhists", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 67 (4): 849–866, doi:10.1093/jaarel/67.4.849
Silk 2003, pp. 869–870, 872–873. Silk, J.A. (2003), "The Fruits of Paradox: On the Religious Architecture of the Buddha's Life Story", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 71 (4): 863–881, doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfg102, hdl:1887/3447560, archived from the original on 9 October 2019
Hudson, Gutman & Maung 2018, p. 14. Hudson, B.; Gutman, P.; Maung, W. (2018), "Buddha's Life in Konbaung Period Bronzes from Yazagyo", Journal of Burma Studies, 22 (1): 1–30, doi:10.1353/jbs.2018.0000, ISSN 2010-314X
Pons 2014, p. 17. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
Pons 2014, p. 41. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
For the influence of Bābūya's version, see Crosby (2014, p. 101) and Mershman (1907). For the way through which the story was passed down, see Almond (1987, p. 406). Crosby, Kate (2014), Theravada Buddhism: Continuity, Diversity, and Identity, Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-4051-8906-4 Mershman, Francis (1907). "Barlaam and Josaphat" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Almond, P. (1987), "The Buddha of Christendom: A Review of The Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat", Religious Studies, 23 (3): 391–406, doi:10.1017/S0034412500018941
Almond 1987, p. 391. Almond, P. (1987), "The Buddha of Christendom: A Review of The Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat", Religious Studies, 23 (3): 391–406, doi:10.1017/S0034412500018941
Jullien 2019, p. 5. Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7
Almond 1987, pp. 392–393, 397. Almond, P. (1987), "The Buddha of Christendom: A Review of The Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat", Religious Studies, 23 (3): 391–406, doi:10.1017/S0034412500018941
Almond 1987, pp. 395–396. Almond, P. (1987), "The Buddha of Christendom: A Review of The Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat", Religious Studies, 23 (3): 391–406, doi:10.1017/S0034412500018941
Almond 1987, pp. 395–396, 398–400. Almond, P. (1987), "The Buddha of Christendom: A Review of The Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat", Religious Studies, 23 (3): 391–406, doi:10.1017/S0034412500018941
Jullien 2019, p. xix. Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7
Stenerson 1991, p. 392. Stenerson, D.C. (1991), "Some Impressions of the Buddha: Dreiser and Sir Edwin Arnold's the Light of Asia", Canadian Review of American Studies, 22 (3): 387–406, doi:10.3138/CRAS-022-03-05
See Jullien (2019, p. xix). For the miracles, see Franklin (2008, p. 32). Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7 Franklin, J.J. (2008), The Lotus and the Lion: Buddhism and the British Empire, Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-4730-3
Stenerson 1991, p. 396 ff.. Stenerson, D.C. (1991), "Some Impressions of the Buddha: Dreiser and Sir Edwin Arnold's the Light of Asia", Canadian Review of American Studies, 22 (3): 387–406, doi:10.3138/CRAS-022-03-05
Jullien 2019, passim. Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7
Jullien 2019, pp. xiii–xiv, xi–xii, xix. Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7
Jullien 2019, pp. xxi, 2, 6–7, 14–15. Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7
Jullien 2019, pp. 99–100. Jullien, Dominique (2019), Borges, Buddhism and World Literature: A Morphology of Renunciation Tales, Literatures of the Americas, Palgrave Macmillan, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04717-7, ISBN 978-3-030-04717-7

encyclopedia.com

See Malalasekera (1960, Vol. 1, Gotama), Bridgwater (2000) and Sarao (2017, p. 186). Sarao mentions the auspicious characteristics and Malalasekera mentions the eight Brahmins. For the natural mother's dreams and Asita, see Smart (1997, p. 276). For the father's dreams, see Mayer (2004, p. 238). Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195 Bridgwater, William (2000), "Buddha", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Columbia University Press, archived from the original on 21 April 2019 Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Smart, N. (1997), "Buddha", in Carr, B.; Mahalingam, I. (eds.), Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy (1st ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-203-01350-6 Mayer, A.L. (2004), "Dreams", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 238–239, ISBN 0-02-865720-9
Tyle 2003. Tyle, L.B. (2003), "Buddha", UXL Encyclopedia of World Biography, Thomson Gale
Reynolds & Hallisey (1987) mention that it was against his father's will. Smart (1997, p. 276) mentions the time. Reynolds, F.E.; Hallisey, C. (1987), "Buddha", Encyclopedia of Religion, Thomson Gale Smart, N. (1997), "Buddha", in Carr, B.; Mahalingam, I. (eds.), Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy (1st ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-203-01350-6
Bridgwater 2000. Bridgwater, William (2000), "Buddha", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Columbia University Press, archived from the original on 21 April 2019
Maxwell 2004, p. 90. Maxwell, Gail (2004), "Buddha, Life Of The, In Art", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 88–92, ISBN 0-02-865720-9, archived from the original on 15 July 2019
Maxwell 2004. Maxwell, Gail (2004), "Buddha, Life Of The, In Art", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 88–92, ISBN 0-02-865720-9, archived from the original on 15 July 2019

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Filigenzi 2005, pp. 106–107. Filigenzi, Anna (2005), "Gestures and Things: The Buddha's Robe in Gandharan Art", East and West, 55 (1/4), Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente: 103–116, ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29757639
For the goddess, see Mevissen (2011, p. 96). For the veiled woman, see Filigenzi (2005, p. 105 note 3). Mevissen, G.J.R. (2011), "The Great Renunciation: Astral Deities in Gandhāra", Pakistan Heritage, 3: 89–112, ISSN 2073-641X Filigenzi, Anna (2005), "Gestures and Things: The Buddha's Robe in Gandharan Art", East and West, 55 (1/4), Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente: 103–116, ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29757639

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Tanabe 2018, p. 427. Tanabe, K. (March 2018), "Not Benzhi/Benshi (賁識, 奔識) but Vaisravana/Kuvera (毘沙門天): Critical Review of Arlt/Hiyama's Article on Gandharan Great Departure", Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2017, 21: 423–438, ISSN 1343-8980
Tanabe 2018, p. 426. Tanabe, K. (March 2018), "Not Benzhi/Benshi (賁識, 奔識) but Vaisravana/Kuvera (毘沙門天): Critical Review of Arlt/Hiyama's Article on Gandharan Great Departure", Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2017, 21: 423–438, ISSN 1343-8980
Tanabe 2018, pp. 423. Tanabe, K. (March 2018), "Not Benzhi/Benshi (賁識, 奔識) but Vaisravana/Kuvera (毘沙門天): Critical Review of Arlt/Hiyama's Article on Gandharan Great Departure", Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2017, 21: 423–438, ISSN 1343-8980

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See Malalasekera (1960, Vol. 1, Gotama), Bridgwater (2000) and Sarao (2017, p. 186). Sarao mentions the auspicious characteristics and Malalasekera mentions the eight Brahmins. For the natural mother's dreams and Asita, see Smart (1997, p. 276). For the father's dreams, see Mayer (2004, p. 238). Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195 Bridgwater, William (2000), "Buddha", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Columbia University Press, archived from the original on 21 April 2019 Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Smart, N. (1997), "Buddha", in Carr, B.; Mahalingam, I. (eds.), Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy (1st ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-203-01350-6 Mayer, A.L. (2004), "Dreams", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 238–239, ISBN 0-02-865720-9
Malalasekera 1960, Vol. 1, Gotama. Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195
Malalasekera 1960, Rāhulamātā. Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195
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persee.fr

Bareau 1974, p. 243. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 267. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 213. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 263. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, pp. 238 note 1, 241, 245 note 1, 246, 264. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 249. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Bareau 1974, p. 253. Bareau, A. (1974), "La jeunesse du Buddha dans les Sûtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens" [The Buddha's Youth in the Sūtrapiṭaka and the Ancient Vinayapiṭaka] (PDF), Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (in French), 61 (1): 199–274, doi:10.3406/befeo.1974.5196^{[permanent dead link‍]}

researchgate.net

Albery 2017, p. 360. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
See Bechert (2004, p. 85), Deeg (2010, pp. 51–52) and Sarao (2017, Biography of the Buddha and Early Buddhism). Sarao mentions the early discourses; Deeg mentions the monastic discipline. Bechert, Heinz (2004), "Buddha, Life of the", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 82–88, ISBN 0-02-865720-9 Deeg, M. (2010), "Chips from a Biographical Workshop—Early Chinese Biographies of the Buddha: The Late Birth of Rāhula and Yaśodharā's Extended Pregnancy", in Covill, L.; Roesler, U.; Shaw, S. (eds.), Lives Lived, Lives Imagined: Biography in the Buddhist Traditions, Wisdom Publications and Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, pp. 49––88, ISBN 978-0-86171-578-7 Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
See Malalasekera (1960, Vol. 1, Gotama), Bridgwater (2000) and Sarao (2017, p. 186). Sarao mentions the auspicious characteristics and Malalasekera mentions the eight Brahmins. For the natural mother's dreams and Asita, see Smart (1997, p. 276). For the father's dreams, see Mayer (2004, p. 238). Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195 Bridgwater, William (2000), "Buddha", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Columbia University Press, archived from the original on 21 April 2019 Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Smart, N. (1997), "Buddha", in Carr, B.; Mahalingam, I. (eds.), Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy (1st ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-203-01350-6 Mayer, A.L. (2004), "Dreams", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 238–239, ISBN 0-02-865720-9
Sarao 2017, Biography of the Buddha and Early Buddhism. Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Albery 2017, pp. 370–371, note 28. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Albery 2017, pp. 360–361. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Albery 2017, pp. 370–371 note 28. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Sarao 2019. Sarao, K.T.S. (2019), "Kapilavatthu", in Sharma, A. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, Springer Netherlands, ISBN 9789400719880, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
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Albery 2017, pp. 358–359. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019

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Pons 2014, p. 29. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
Pons 2014, p. 17. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
Pons 2014, p. 41. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019

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For the disillusionment and the fifteen years, see Cabrera, David (12 July 2011). "Buddha: The Great Departure". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. For the three volumes, see Gray, Richard (14 December 2011). "JFF15 Review: Buddha – The Great Departure". The Reel Bits. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019.

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Arlt & Hiyama 2016, p. 188. Arlt, R.; Hiyama, S. (2016), "New Evidence for the Identification of the Figure with a Bow in Depictions of the Buddha's Life in Gandharan Art", Distant Worlds Journal, 1: 187–205

web.archive.org

Albery 2017, p. 360. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
See Bechert (2004, p. 85), Deeg (2010, pp. 51–52) and Sarao (2017, Biography of the Buddha and Early Buddhism). Sarao mentions the early discourses; Deeg mentions the monastic discipline. Bechert, Heinz (2004), "Buddha, Life of the", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 82–88, ISBN 0-02-865720-9 Deeg, M. (2010), "Chips from a Biographical Workshop—Early Chinese Biographies of the Buddha: The Late Birth of Rāhula and Yaśodharā's Extended Pregnancy", in Covill, L.; Roesler, U.; Shaw, S. (eds.), Lives Lived, Lives Imagined: Biography in the Buddhist Traditions, Wisdom Publications and Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, pp. 49––88, ISBN 978-0-86171-578-7 Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Luczanits 2010, p. 50, note 48. Luczanits, Christian (2010), "Prior to Birth. The Tuṣita episodes in Indian Buddhist Literature and Art" (PDF), in Cüppers, C.; Deeg, M.; Durt, Hubert (eds.), The Birth of the Buddha. Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Lumbini, Nepal, October 2004, Lumbini International Research Institute, pp. 41–91, archived (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2019
See Malalasekera (1960, Vol. 1, Gotama), Bridgwater (2000) and Sarao (2017, p. 186). Sarao mentions the auspicious characteristics and Malalasekera mentions the eight Brahmins. For the natural mother's dreams and Asita, see Smart (1997, p. 276). For the father's dreams, see Mayer (2004, p. 238). Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195 Bridgwater, William (2000), "Buddha", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Columbia University Press, archived from the original on 21 April 2019 Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Smart, N. (1997), "Buddha", in Carr, B.; Mahalingam, I. (eds.), Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy (1st ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-203-01350-6 Mayer, A.L. (2004), "Dreams", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 238–239, ISBN 0-02-865720-9
Sarao 2017, Biography of the Buddha and Early Buddhism. Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Albery 2017, pp. 370–371, note 28. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Bridgwater 2000. Bridgwater, William (2000), "Buddha", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Columbia University Press, archived from the original on 21 April 2019
Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka in the Great Departure. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Pons 2014, p. 29. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
Ohnuma 2016. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka as the Buddha's Scapegoat. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Albery 2017, pp. 360–361. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Albery 2017, pp. 370–371 note 28. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Maxwell 2004, p. 90. Maxwell, Gail (2004), "Buddha, Life Of The, In Art", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 88–92, ISBN 0-02-865720-9, archived from the original on 15 July 2019
Sarao 2019. Sarao, K.T.S. (2019), "Kapilavatthu", in Sharma, A. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, Springer Netherlands, ISBN 9789400719880, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Weller 1928, p. 169. Weller, F. (1928), "Die Überlieferung des älteren buddhistischen Schrifttums" [The Passing on of Ancient Buddhist Texts] (PDF), Asia Major (in German), 5: 149–82, archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2019
Silk 2003, pp. 869–870, 872–873. Silk, J.A. (2003), "The Fruits of Paradox: On the Religious Architecture of the Buddha's Life Story", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 71 (4): 863–881, doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfg102, hdl:1887/3447560, archived from the original on 9 October 2019
Maxwell 2004. Maxwell, Gail (2004), "Buddha, Life Of The, In Art", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 88–92, ISBN 0-02-865720-9, archived from the original on 15 July 2019
Pons 2014, p. 17. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
Albery 2017, pp. 358–359. Albery, Henry (2017), "Astro-biographies of Śākyamuni and the Great Renunciation in Gandhāran Art", in Sheel, Kamal; Willemen, Charles; Zysk, Kenneth (eds.), From Local to Global: Papers in Asian History and Culture. Prof. AK Narain Commemoration Volume, vol. 2, Buddhist World Press, pp. 346–382, ISBN 9789380852744, archived from the original on 24 October 2019
Pons 2014, p. 41. Pons, J. (2014), "The Figure with a Bow in Gandhāran Great Departure Scenes. Some New Readings", Entangled Religions, 1: 15–94, doi:10.46586/er.v1.2014.15-94, archived from the original on 27 August 2019
For the disillusionment and the fifteen years, see Cabrera, David (12 July 2011). "Buddha: The Great Departure". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. For the three volumes, see Gray, Richard (14 December 2011). "JFF15 Review: Buddha – The Great Departure". The Reel Bits. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019.
v.d. Ven, Frank. "Osamu Tezukas Buddha - The Great Departure - Tezuka Osamu no Buddha - Akai sabakuyo utsukushiku (2011) recensie" [review]. Cinemagazine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 April 2015.

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For the influence of Bābūya's version, see Crosby (2014, p. 101) and Mershman (1907). For the way through which the story was passed down, see Almond (1987, p. 406). Crosby, Kate (2014), Theravada Buddhism: Continuity, Diversity, and Identity, Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-4051-8906-4 Mershman, Francis (1907). "Barlaam and Josaphat" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Almond, P. (1987), "The Buddha of Christendom: A Review of The Legend of Barlaam and Josaphat", Religious Studies, 23 (3): 391–406, doi:10.1017/S0034412500018941

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Tanabe 2018, p. 427. Tanabe, K. (March 2018), "Not Benzhi/Benshi (賁識, 奔識) but Vaisravana/Kuvera (毘沙門天): Critical Review of Arlt/Hiyama's Article on Gandharan Great Departure", Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2017, 21: 423–438, ISSN 1343-8980
Durt 2004, p. 56. Durt, Hubert (2004), "On the Pregnancy Of Maya II: Late Episodes", Journal of the International College for Advanced Buddhist Studies, 7: 216–199, ISSN 1343-4128
Tanabe 2018, p. 426. Tanabe, K. (March 2018), "Not Benzhi/Benshi (賁識, 奔識) but Vaisravana/Kuvera (毘沙門天): Critical Review of Arlt/Hiyama's Article on Gandharan Great Departure", Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2017, 21: 423–438, ISSN 1343-8980
See Malalasekera (1960, Vol. 1, Gotama), Bridgwater (2000) and Sarao (2017, p. 186). Sarao mentions the auspicious characteristics and Malalasekera mentions the eight Brahmins. For the natural mother's dreams and Asita, see Smart (1997, p. 276). For the father's dreams, see Mayer (2004, p. 238). Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195 Bridgwater, William (2000), "Buddha", The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.), Columbia University Press, archived from the original on 21 April 2019 Sarao, K. T. S. (2017), "History, Indian Buddhism", in Sarao, K. T. S.; Long, Jeffery D. (eds.), Buddhism and Jainism, Springer Nature, ISBN 9789402408515, archived from the original on 24 October 2019 Smart, N. (1997), "Buddha", in Carr, B.; Mahalingam, I. (eds.), Companion Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy (1st ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-203-01350-6 Mayer, A.L. (2004), "Dreams", in Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Thomson Gale, pp. 238–239, ISBN 0-02-865720-9
Malalasekera 1960, Vol. 1, Gotama. Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195
Thomas 1951, p. 136. Thomas, E.J. (1951), The History of Buddhist Thought (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge and Kegan Paul, OCLC 49690643
Malalasekera 1960, Rāhulamātā. Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195
Saddhasena 2003, p. 481. Saddhasena, D. (2003), "Rāhula", in Malalasekera, G. P.; Weeraratne, W. G. (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, vol. 7, Government of Sri Lanka, OCLC 2863845613^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Rahula 1978, p. 136. Rahula, T. (1978), A Critical Study of the Mahāvastu, Motilal Banarsidass, OCLC 5680748
Malalasekera 1960, Rāhula. Malalasekera, G.P. (1960), Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, Pali Text Society, OCLC 793535195
Thomas 1931, p. 53. Thomas, E.J. (1931), The Life of Buddha as Legend and History (PDF) (2nd ed.), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, OCLC 1893707
Thomas 1931, p. 54 note 1. Thomas, E.J. (1931), The Life of Buddha as Legend and History (PDF) (2nd ed.), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, OCLC 1893707
Rahula 1978, p. 242. Rahula, T. (1978), A Critical Study of the Mahāvastu, Motilal Banarsidass, OCLC 5680748
Beal 1875, pp. 128–129. Beal, Samuel (1875), The Romantic Legend of Sâkya Buddha (PDF), Trübner & Co., OCLC 556560794
Jones 1952, p. 131. Jones, J.J. (1952), The Mahāvastu, vol. 2, Pali Text Society, OCLC 468282520
Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka in the Great Departure. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Strong (2001, The Great Renunciation). For the three kingdoms, see Thomas (1951, p. 137). Strong, J.S. (2001), The Buddha: A Beginner's Guide, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-054-6 Thomas, E.J. (1951), The History of Buddhist Thought (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge and Kegan Paul, OCLC 49690643
Ohnuma 2016. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
Ohnuma 2016, Kanthaka as the Buddha's Scapegoat. Ohnuma, Reiko (2016), "Animal Doubles of the Buddha", Humanimalia, 7 (2): 1–34, doi:10.52537/humanimalia.9664, ISSN 2151-8645, archived from the original on 10 August 2019
See Powers (2016, p. 15) and Strong (2015, The Great Departure). For Malla, see Schumann (1982, p. 45). For Indra, see Rahula (1978, p. 246). Powers, John (2016), "Buddhas and Buddhisms", in Powers, John (ed.), The Buddhist World, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-315-68811-4 Strong, J.S. (2015), Buddhisms: An Introduction, Oneworld Publications, ISBN 978-1-78074-506-0 Schumann, H.W. (1982), Der Historische Buddha [The Historical Buddha: The Times, Life, and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism] (in German), translated by Walshe, M. O' C., Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1817-0 Rahula, T. (1978), A Critical Study of the Mahāvastu, Motilal Banarsidass, OCLC 5680748
Filigenzi 2005, pp. 106–107. Filigenzi, Anna (2005), "Gestures and Things: The Buddha's Robe in Gandharan Art", East and West, 55 (1/4), Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente: 103–116, ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29757639
Weber 1958, p. 204. Weber, M. (1958), The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism, Free Press, OCLC 874200316
Jones 1949, p. 189. Jones, J.J. (1949), The Mahāvastu, vol. 1, Pali Text Society, OCLC 221926551
Thomas 1931, pp. 56–57. Thomas, E.J. (1931), The Life of Buddha as Legend and History (PDF) (2nd ed.), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, OCLC 1893707
Tanabe 2018, pp. 423. Tanabe, K. (March 2018), "Not Benzhi/Benshi (賁識, 奔識) but Vaisravana/Kuvera (毘沙門天): Critical Review of Arlt/Hiyama's Article on Gandharan Great Departure", Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2017, 21: 423–438, ISSN 1343-8980
Hudson, Gutman & Maung 2018, p. 14. Hudson, B.; Gutman, P.; Maung, W. (2018), "Buddha's Life in Konbaung Period Bronzes from Yazagyo", Journal of Burma Studies, 22 (1): 1–30, doi:10.1353/jbs.2018.0000, ISSN 2010-314X
For the goddess, see Mevissen (2011, p. 96). For the veiled woman, see Filigenzi (2005, p. 105 note 3). Mevissen, G.J.R. (2011), "The Great Renunciation: Astral Deities in Gandhāra", Pakistan Heritage, 3: 89–112, ISSN 2073-641X Filigenzi, Anna (2005), "Gestures and Things: The Buddha's Robe in Gandharan Art", East and West, 55 (1/4), Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente: 103–116, ISSN 0012-8376, JSTOR 29757639
Wells 1939, pp. 139–140. Wells, Kenneth E. (1939), Thai Buddhism: Its Rites and Activities, Bangkok Times Press, OCLC 1004812732
Wells 1939, p. 140, note 1. Wells, Kenneth E. (1939), Thai Buddhism: Its Rites and Activities, Bangkok Times Press, OCLC 1004812732