"Clock". Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Ed. Vol. 6. The Encyclopaedia Brittanica Co. 1910. p. 539. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
"The total lengths should be inversely proportional to the coefficients of expansion for the metals used" Glasgow, David (1885) Watch and Clock Making, Cassell and Co., London, p.289
Kater, Henry; Lardner, Dionysus (1831). A Treatise on Mechanics. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea.