Grizzly bear (English Wikipedia)

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Jonkel, Charles; Husby, Peter; Russell, Richard; Beecham, John (1980). "The Reintroduction of Orphaned Grizzly Bear Cubs into the Wild" (PDF). Bears: Their Biology and Management. 4: 369–372. doi:10.2307/3872892. JSTOR 3872892. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
Wyman T (2002). "Grizzly bear predation on a bull bison in Yellowstone National Park" (PDF). Ursus. 13: 375. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
Reynolds, Harry V.; Garner, Gerald W.; Reynolds, H. V. (16 September 1987). "Patterns of Grizzly Bear Predation on Caribou in Northern Alaska" (PDF). Bears: Their Biology and Management. 7: 59–67. doi:10.2307/3872608. JSTOR 3872608. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
Michael, F.P.; Bruce, N.M. & Curtis S. (2002). "Population Fragmentation of Grizzly Bears in Southeastern British Columbia, Canada" (PDF). Ursus. 8: 153–160. JSTOR 3873196. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2013.

bearbiology.org

"Size and Growth Patterns of the Yellowstone Grizzly Bear" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

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"Brown Bear: facts, diet, habitat, baby cubs, claws, kodiak". Bear Life.

books.google.com

Busch, Robert (2004). The Grizzly Almanac. Globe Pequot Press. pp. 11–14. ISBN 978-1-5922-8320-0. Retrieved 21 October 2014.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 2142.

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"State Symbols". History and Culture. California State Library. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2010.

cbslocal.com

denver.cbslocal.com

"Wildlife officials hope grizzly bears stay out of Colorado". CBS Denver. 23 May 2012.

cnn.com

"Be a guest of Katmai's brown bears". CNN. Retrieved 27 June 2013.

conservationnw.org

"North Cascades Ecosystem Grizzly Bear Restoration Plan/Environmental Impact Statement". Conservation Northwest. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
"North Cascades Ecosystem Grizzly Bear Restoration Plan /Environmental Impact Statement". Conservation Northwest. National Park Service and US Fish and Wildlife. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

cowboystatedaily.com

Heinz, Mark (4 November 2023). "Drunk Grizzlies Keep Getting Hit By Trains In Montana". Cowboy State Daily. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

dailyinterlake.com

Garrity, Mike (16 July 2023). "Court decision saves Northwest Montana grizzly bears". Daily Inter Lake. Retrieved 16 July 2023.

dailyrepublic.com

"Grisly indeed, Grizzly Island was aptly named". Daily Republic. Retrieved 5 May 2011.

doi.org

Churcher, Charles S.; Morgan, Alan V. (February 1976). "A grizzly bear from the Middle Wisconsin of Woodbridge, Ontario". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 13 (2). Canadian Science Publishing: 341–347. Bibcode:1976CaJES..13..341C. doi:10.1139/e76-036.
Miller, C.R.; Waits, L.P.; Joyce, P. (18 October 2006). "Phylogeography and mitochondrial diversity of extirpated brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in the contiguous United States and Mexico". Molecular Ecology. 15 (14): 4477–4485. Bibcode:2006MolEc..15.4477M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03097.x. PMID 17107477.
Rausch, Robert (1953). "On the status of some arctic animals". Arctic. 6 (2): 91–148. doi:10.14430/arctic3870. ISSN 0004-0843.
Elson, C. S. (1954). "Further Evidence about the Barren-Ground Grizzly Bear in Northeast Labrador and Quebec". Journal of Mammalogy. 35 (3): 345–357. doi:10.2307/1375959. JSTOR 1375959.
Salis, Alexander T; Bray, Sarah C E; Lee, Michael S Y; Heiniger, Holly; Barnett, Ross; Burns, James A; Doronichev, Vladimir; Fedje, Daryl; Golovanova, Liubov; Harington, C Richard; Hockett, Bryan; Kosintsev, Pavel; Lai, Xulong; Mackie, Quentin; Vasiliev, Sergei; Weinstock, Jacobo; Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Meachen, Julie; Cooper, Alan; Mitchell, Kieren J (3 September 2020). "Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.09.03.279117.
Leonard, J.A.; Wayne, R.K.; Cooper, A. (2000). "Population genetics of ice age brown bears". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (4): 1651–1654. doi:10.1073/pnas.040453097. PMC 26490. PMID 10677513.
Paabo, Svante (15 February 2000). "Of bears, conservation genetics, and the value of time travel". PNAS. 97 (4): 1320–1321. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.1320P. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.4.1320. PMC 34293. PMID 10677456.
Cronin, M. A.; Armstrup, S. C.; Garner, and E. R. Vyse, G. W.; Vyse, E.R. (1991). "Interspecific and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 69 (12): 2985–2992. doi:10.1139/z91-421.
Taylor, Gregory (30 November 2018). "The Genome of the North American Brown Bear or Grizzly: Ursus arctos ssp. horribilis". Genes. 9 (12): 598. doi:10.3390/genes9120598. PMC 6315469. PMID 30513700.
Kubiak, Cara; Grimes, Vaughan; Van Biesen, Geert; Keddie, Grant; Buckley, Mike; Macdonald, Reba; Richards, M. P. (27 June 2022). "Dietary niche separation of three Late Pleistocene bear species from Vancouver Island, on the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America". Journal of Quaternary Science. 38: 8–20. doi:10.1002/jqs.3451. ISSN 0267-8179. S2CID 250134103.
Steffen, Martina L.; Fulton, Tara L. (1 February 2018). "On the association of giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) in late Pleistocene North America". Geobios. 51 (1): 61–74. Bibcode:2018Geobi..51...61S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2017.12.001.
Rausch, R. L. (1963). "Geographic variation in size in North American brown bears, Ursus arctos L., as indicated by condylobasal length". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 41 (1): 33–45. Bibcode:1963CaJZ...41...33R. doi:10.1139/z63-005.
Cahill, James A.; Green, Richard E.; Fulton, Tara L.; Stiller, Mathias; Jay, Flora; Ovsyanikov, Nikita; Salamzade, Rauf; St. John, John; Stirling, Ian; Slatkin, Montgomery; Shapiro, Beth (2013). "Genomic Evidence for Island Population COnversion Resolves Conflicting Theories of Polar Bear Evolution". PLOS Genetics. 9 (3) e1003345: e1003345. Bibcode:2013PLOSG...9.3345C. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003345. PMC 3597504. PMID 23516372.
de Jong, Menno J.; Niamir, Aidin; Wolf, Magnus; Kitchener, Andrew C.; Lecomte, Nicolas; Seryodkin, Ivan V.; Fain, Steven F.; Hagen, Snorre B.; Saarma, Urmas; Janke, Axel (2023). "Range-wide whole-genome resequencing of the brown bear reveals drivers of intraspecies divergence". Communications Biology. 6 (1) 15: 153. doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04514-w. hdl:11250/3092374. PMC 9902616. PMID 36746982.
Mychajliw, Alexis M.; Adams, Andrea J.; Brown, Kevin C.; Campbell, Beau T.; Hardesty-Moore, Molly; Welch, Zoë S.; Page, Henry M.; Southon, John R.; Cooper, Scott D.; Alagona, Peter S. (2024). "Coupled social and ecological change drove the historical extinction of the California grizzly bear (Ursus arctos californicus)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 290 (2014) 20230921. doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.0921. PMC 10777157. PMID 38196370.
Elton, C. (1954). "Further evidence about the barren-ground grizzly bear in northeast Labrador and Quebec". Journal of Mammalogy. 35 (3): 345–357. doi:10.2307/1375959. JSTOR 1375959.
Harington, C.R. (2008). "The evolution of Arctic marine mammals". Ecological Applications. 18 (2 Suppl): S23–40. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18S..23H. doi:10.1890/06-0624.1. PMID 18494361.
Doupe, J.P.; England, J.H.; Furze, M.; Paetkau, D. (2007). "Most Northerly Observation of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) in Canada: Photographic and DNA Evidence from Melville Island, Northwest Territories" (PDF). Arctic. 60 (3): 271–276. doi:10.14430/arctic219. S2CID 54757802. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2019.
Jonkel, Charles; Husby, Peter; Russell, Richard; Beecham, John (1980). "The Reintroduction of Orphaned Grizzly Bear Cubs into the Wild" (PDF). Bears: Their Biology and Management. 4: 369–372. doi:10.2307/3872892. JSTOR 3872892. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
Reynolds, Harry V.; Garner, Gerald W.; Reynolds, H. V. (16 September 1987). "Patterns of Grizzly Bear Predation on Caribou in Northern Alaska" (PDF). Bears: Their Biology and Management. 7: 59–67. doi:10.2307/3872608. JSTOR 3872608. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
Young, Donald D. Jr.; McCabe, Thomas R. (1997). "Grizzly bear predation rates on caribou calves in northeastern Alaska". Journal of Wildlife Management. 61 (4). United States Global Service: 11. doi:10.2307/3802102. JSTOR 3802102.
Boertje, R. D.; Gasaway, W. C.; Grangaard, D. V.; Kelleyhouse, D. G. (1988). "Predation on moose and caribou by radio-collared grizzly bears in east central Alaska". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 66 (11): 2492–2499. Bibcode:1988CaJZ...66.2492B. doi:10.1139/z88-369.
Gunther, K. A. & Smith, D. W. (2004). "Interactions between wolves and female grizzly bears with cubs in Yellowstone National Park". Ursus. 15 (2): 232–238. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0232:IBWAFG>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 55121363.
Apps, C. D.; McLellan, B. N. & Woods, J. G. (2006). "Landscape partitioning and spatial inferences of competition between black and grizzly bears". Ecography. 29 (4): 561–572. Bibcode:2006Ecogr..29..561A. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04564.x.
Mattson, T.; Herrero, D. J. & Merrill, S. (2005). "Are black bears a factor in the restoration of North American grizzly bear populations?". Ursus. 16 (1): 11–30. doi:10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0011:ABBAFI]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 56333267.
Pongracz, Jodie D.; Paetkau, David; Branigan, Marsha; Richardson, Evan (31 May 2017). "Recent Hybridization between a Polar Bear and Grizzly Bears in the Canadian Arctic". Arctic. 70 (2): 151–160. doi:10.14430/arctic4643. ISSN 1923-1245.
Meyer, G. & Witmer, M. (1998). "Influence of Seed Processing by Frugivorous Birds on Germination Success of Three North American Shrubs". American Midland Naturalist. 140 (1): 129–139. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0129:IOSPBF]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85807685.
Willson, M. & Gende, S. (2004). "Seed Dispersal by Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, in Southeastern Alaska". Canadian Field-Naturalist. 118 (4): 499–503. doi:10.22621/cfn.v118i4.53.
Doak, D. & Loso, M. (2003). "Effects of Grizzly Bear Digging on Alpine Plant Community Structure" (PDF). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 35 (4): 499–503. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0421:EOGBDO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 54768941.
Tardiff, S. & Stanford, J. (1998). "Grizzly Bear Digging: Effects on Subalpine Meadow Plants in Relation to Mineral Nitrogen Availability". Ecology. 79 (7): 2219–2228. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2219:GBDEOS]2.0.CO;2.
Rich, T.; Carlson, S.; Gende, S. & Rich, H. (2009). "Transportation of Pacific Salmon Carcasses from Streams to Riparian Forests by Bears". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 87 (3): 195–203. Bibcode:2009CaJZ...87..195Q. doi:10.1139/Z09-004.
Hilderbrand, G.; Hanley, T.; Robbins, C. & Schwartz, C. (1999). "Role of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in the Flow of Marine Nitrogen into a Terrestrial Ecosystem". Oecologia. 121 (4): 546–550. Bibcode:1999Oecol.121..546H. doi:10.1007/s004420050961. PMID 28308364. S2CID 12028991.
Helfield, J. & Naiman, R. (2006). "Keystone Interactions: Salmon and Bear in Riparian Forests of Alaska". Ecosystems. 9 (2): 167–180. Bibcode:2006Ecosy...9..167H. doi:10.1007/s10021-004-0063-5. S2CID 28989920.
Berger, J.; Stacey, P.; Bellis, L. & Johnson, M. (2001). "A Mammalian Predator-Prey Imbalance: Grizzly Bear and Wolf Extinction Affect Avian Neo-Tropical Migrants". Ecological Applications. 11 (4): 947–960. doi:10.2307/3061004. JSTOR 3061004.
Kellert, S. R.; Black, M.; Rush, C. R.; Bath, A. J. (1996). "Human Culture and Large Carnivore Conservation in North America". Conservation Biology. 10 (4): 977. Bibcode:1996ConBi..10..977K. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10040977.x.
Hallowell, A. I. (1926). "Bear Ceremonialism in the Northern Hemisphere". American Anthropologist. 28: 1. doi:10.1525/aa.1926.28.1.02a00020.
Clevenger, A. P.; Waltho, N (2005). "Performance indices to identify attributes of highway crossing structures facilitating movement of large mammals". Biological Conservation. 121 (3): 453–464. Bibcode:2005BCons.121..453C. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.04.025.
Edwards, M. A.; Nagy, J. A.; Derocher, A. E. (2008). "Using Subpopulation structure for barren-ground grizzly bear management". Ursus. 19 (2): 91–104. doi:10.2192/1537-6176-19.2.91. S2CID 59062736.

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MacDonald, Jason; MacDonald, Paula; MacPhee, Mitchell & Nicolle, Paige. "Endangered Wildlife: Grizzly Bear". Edu.pe.ca. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2009.

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escholarship.org

Doak, D. & Loso, M. (2003). "Effects of Grizzly Bear Digging on Alpine Plant Community Structure" (PDF). Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 35 (4): 499–503. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0421:EOGBDO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 54768941.

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"Image of the Month – Brown bear chasing salmon". Expeditions Alaska. 31 October 2010.

fieldandstream.com

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elp.gov.bc.ca

Austin, M. A., Wrenshall, C. (2004). An Analysis of Reported Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos): Mortality Data for British Columbia from 1978 to 2003 Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (pdf). BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. Retrieved 27 October 2009.

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handle.net

hdl.handle.net

de Jong, Menno J.; Niamir, Aidin; Wolf, Magnus; Kitchener, Andrew C.; Lecomte, Nicolas; Seryodkin, Ivan V.; Fain, Steven F.; Hagen, Snorre B.; Saarma, Urmas; Janke, Axel (2023). "Range-wide whole-genome resequencing of the brown bear reveals drivers of intraspecies divergence". Communications Biology. 6 (1) 15: 153. doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04514-w. hdl:11250/3092374. PMC 9902616. PMID 36746982.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Churcher, Charles S.; Morgan, Alan V. (February 1976). "A grizzly bear from the Middle Wisconsin of Woodbridge, Ontario". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 13 (2). Canadian Science Publishing: 341–347. Bibcode:1976CaJES..13..341C. doi:10.1139/e76-036.
Miller, C.R.; Waits, L.P.; Joyce, P. (18 October 2006). "Phylogeography and mitochondrial diversity of extirpated brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in the contiguous United States and Mexico". Molecular Ecology. 15 (14): 4477–4485. Bibcode:2006MolEc..15.4477M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03097.x. PMID 17107477.
Paabo, Svante (15 February 2000). "Of bears, conservation genetics, and the value of time travel". PNAS. 97 (4): 1320–1321. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.1320P. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.4.1320. PMC 34293. PMID 10677456.
Steffen, Martina L.; Fulton, Tara L. (1 February 2018). "On the association of giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) in late Pleistocene North America". Geobios. 51 (1): 61–74. Bibcode:2018Geobi..51...61S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2017.12.001.
Rausch, R. L. (1963). "Geographic variation in size in North American brown bears, Ursus arctos L., as indicated by condylobasal length". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 41 (1): 33–45. Bibcode:1963CaJZ...41...33R. doi:10.1139/z63-005.
Cahill, James A.; Green, Richard E.; Fulton, Tara L.; Stiller, Mathias; Jay, Flora; Ovsyanikov, Nikita; Salamzade, Rauf; St. John, John; Stirling, Ian; Slatkin, Montgomery; Shapiro, Beth (2013). "Genomic Evidence for Island Population COnversion Resolves Conflicting Theories of Polar Bear Evolution". PLOS Genetics. 9 (3) e1003345: e1003345. Bibcode:2013PLOSG...9.3345C. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003345. PMC 3597504. PMID 23516372.
Harington, C.R. (2008). "The evolution of Arctic marine mammals". Ecological Applications. 18 (2 Suppl): S23–40. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18S..23H. doi:10.1890/06-0624.1. PMID 18494361.
Boertje, R. D.; Gasaway, W. C.; Grangaard, D. V.; Kelleyhouse, D. G. (1988). "Predation on moose and caribou by radio-collared grizzly bears in east central Alaska". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 66 (11): 2492–2499. Bibcode:1988CaJZ...66.2492B. doi:10.1139/z88-369.
Apps, C. D.; McLellan, B. N. & Woods, J. G. (2006). "Landscape partitioning and spatial inferences of competition between black and grizzly bears". Ecography. 29 (4): 561–572. Bibcode:2006Ecogr..29..561A. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04564.x.
Rich, T.; Carlson, S.; Gende, S. & Rich, H. (2009). "Transportation of Pacific Salmon Carcasses from Streams to Riparian Forests by Bears". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 87 (3): 195–203. Bibcode:2009CaJZ...87..195Q. doi:10.1139/Z09-004.
Hilderbrand, G.; Hanley, T.; Robbins, C. & Schwartz, C. (1999). "Role of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in the Flow of Marine Nitrogen into a Terrestrial Ecosystem". Oecologia. 121 (4): 546–550. Bibcode:1999Oecol.121..546H. doi:10.1007/s004420050961. PMID 28308364. S2CID 12028991.
Helfield, J. & Naiman, R. (2006). "Keystone Interactions: Salmon and Bear in Riparian Forests of Alaska". Ecosystems. 9 (2): 167–180. Bibcode:2006Ecosy...9..167H. doi:10.1007/s10021-004-0063-5. S2CID 28989920.
Kellert, S. R.; Black, M.; Rush, C. R.; Bath, A. J. (1996). "Human Culture and Large Carnivore Conservation in North America". Conservation Biology. 10 (4): 977. Bibcode:1996ConBi..10..977K. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10040977.x.
Clevenger, A. P.; Waltho, N (2005). "Performance indices to identify attributes of highway crossing structures facilitating movement of large mammals". Biological Conservation. 121 (3): 453–464. Bibcode:2005BCons.121..453C. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.04.025.

hww.ca

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igbconline.org

"Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee". Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee. Retrieved 15 March 2015.

independent.co.uk

Spocchia, Gino (1 April 2021). "Grizzly bears are expanding their roaming grounds meaning they need more protection, new study says". The Independent. Retrieved 2 April 2021.

itis.gov

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jhnewsandguide.com

van Manen, Frank T.; Ebinger, Michael R.; Haroldson, Mark A.; et al. (6 April 2021). Reassessment of Chao2 Estimates for Monitoring Grizzly Bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Report). Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, USGS. Retrieved 24 May 2022.

jstor.org

Elson, C. S. (1954). "Further Evidence about the Barren-Ground Grizzly Bear in Northeast Labrador and Quebec". Journal of Mammalogy. 35 (3): 345–357. doi:10.2307/1375959. JSTOR 1375959.
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