See 26 USC 7872, Willis|Hoffman 2009 page 4-23 et seq. regarding imputed interest.
26 CFR 1.61-9. Not all distributions from corporations to shareholders are taxable as dividends. Distributions in excess of earnings and profits as well as distributions in complete termination of a shareholder's interest are treated as proceeds on disposition of the shares. See 26 USC 316 and 26 USC 302.
26 CFR 1.61-1(a). The courts have rejected arguments by various tax protesters have put forward that some types of income are not included in this broad definition. Where property or services are received in exchange for property, use of property, services, or use of money, the fair market value of the property or services received is included in gross income. See, 26 CFR 1.61-6, 26 CFR 1.1001-1Archived 2012-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, 26 CFR 1.61-2(d)(1). For examples, see, e.g., Rev. Rul. 79-24, 1979 1 C.B. 60.
26 CFR 1.61-2. See, e.g., Lucas v. Earl, 50 S. Ct. 241, in which Mr. Earl's income that he assigned to his wife was taxed to him. In four community property states, however, income is considered jointly earned by a husband and wife. See Willis|Hoffman 2009 page 4-18 et seq.
26 CFR 1.61-9. Not all distributions from corporations to shareholders are taxable as dividends. Distributions in excess of earnings and profits as well as distributions in complete termination of a shareholder's interest are treated as proceeds on disposition of the shares. See 26 USC 316 and 26 USC 302.
26 CFR 1.61-1(a). The courts have rejected arguments by various tax protesters have put forward that some types of income are not included in this broad definition. Where property or services are received in exchange for property, use of property, services, or use of money, the fair market value of the property or services received is included in gross income. See, 26 CFR 1.61-6, 26 CFR 1.1001-1Archived 2012-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, 26 CFR 1.61-2(d)(1). For examples, see, e.g., Rev. Rul. 79-24, 1979 1 C.B. 60.