Group 4 element (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Group 4 element" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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23doi.org

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10harvard.edu

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5usgs.gov

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4semanticscholar.org

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3archive.org

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3books.google.com

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2arxiv.org

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2nih.gov

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1zenodo.org

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1loc.gov

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1escholarship.org

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1nii.ac.jp

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1primefan.ru

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1special-metals.co.uk

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1cbmm.com.br

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1ilo.org

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1cdc.gov

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1osha.gov

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alkane.com.au

"Dubbo Zirconia Project Fact Sheet" (PDF). Alkane Resources Limited. June 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2008-09-10.

archive.org

Bohr, Niels (June 2008). The Theory of Spectra and Atomic Constitution: Three Essays. Kessinger. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4365-0368-6.
"Titanium". Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 2000–2006. ISBN 978-0-7876-5015-5.
Emsley, John (2001). "Titanium". Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 457–458. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.^{[verification needed]}

arxiv.org

Thiemann, M.; et al. (2018). "Complete electrodynamics of a BCS superconductor with μeV energy scales: Microwave spectroscopy on titanium at mK temperatures". Phys. Rev. B. 97 (21): 214516. arXiv:1803.02736. Bibcode:2018PhRvB..97u4516T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.214516. S2CID 54891002.
Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Sikka, S. K. (2011). "Structural Properties of Group IV B Element Rutherfordium by First Principles Theory". arXiv:1106.3146 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci].

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Urbain, M. G. (1911). "Sur un nouvel élément qui accompagne le lutécium et le scandium dans les terres de la gadolinite: le celtium (On a new element that accompanies lutetium and scandium in gadolinite: celtium)". Comptes Rendus (in French): 141. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
Urbain, M. G. (1922). "Sur les séries L du lutécium et de l'ytterbium et sur l'identification d'un celtium avec l'élément de nombre atomique 72" [The L series from lutetium to ytterbium and the identification of element 72 celtium]. Comptes Rendus (in French). 174: 1347. Retrieved 2008-10-30.

books.google.com

Stwertka, Albert (1998). "Titanium". Guide to the Elements (Revised ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-19-508083-4.
Schemel, J. H. (1977). ASTM Manual on Zirconium and Hafnium. ASTM International. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-0-8031-0505-8.
Donachie, Matthew J. (2002). Superalloys. ASTM International. pp. 235–236. ISBN 978-0-87170-749-9.

britannica.com

"Titanium". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

cbmm.com.br

Hebda, John (2001). "Niobium alloys and high Temperature Applications" (PDF). CBMM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-09-04.

cdc.gov

"Zirconium Compounds". National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety. 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2008-02-17.

divched.org

jce.divched.org

Fernelius, W. C. (1982). "Hafnium" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (3): 242. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..242F. doi:10.1021/ed059p242. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-15. Retrieved 2021-02-03.

doi.org

Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "III. Some Eighteenth-Century Metals". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (7): 1231–1243. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1231W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1231.
Heilbron, John L. (1966). "The Work of H. G. J. Moseley". Isis. 57 (3): 336. doi:10.1086/350143. S2CID 144765815.
Heimann, P. M. (1967). "Moseley and celtium: The search for a missing element". Annals of Science. 23 (4): 249–260. doi:10.1080/00033796700203306.
Mel'nikov, V. P. (1982). "Some Details in the Prehistory of the Discovery of Element 72". Centaurus. 26 (3): 317–322. Bibcode:1982Cent...26..317M. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1982.tb00667.x.
Bury, Charles R. (1921). "Langmuir's Theory of the Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43 (7): 1602–1609. doi:10.1021/ja01440a023.
Fernelius, W. C. (1982). "Hafnium" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (3): 242. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..242F. doi:10.1021/ed059p242. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-15. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
Coster, D.; Hevesy, G. (1923). "On the Missing Element of Atomic Number 72". Nature. 111 (2777): 79. Bibcode:1923Natur.111...79C. doi:10.1038/111079a0.
Hevesy, G. (1925). "The Discovery and Properties of Hafnium". Chemical Reviews. 2: 1–41. doi:10.1021/cr60005a001.
Scerri, Eric R. (1994). "Prediction of the nature of hafnium from chemistry, Bohr's theory and quantum theory". Annals of Science. 51 (2): 137–150. doi:10.1080/00033799400200161.
van Arkel, A. E.; de Boer, J. H. (1924). "Die Trennung von Zirkonium und Hafnium durch Kristallisation ihrer Ammoniumdoppelfluoride (The separation of zirconium and hafnium by crystallization of the double ammonium fluorides)". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie (in German). 141: 284–288. doi:10.1002/zaac.19241410117.
van Arkel, A. E.; de Boer, J. H. (1924). "Die Trennung des Zirkoniums von anderen Metallen, einschließlich Hafnium, durch fraktionierte Distillation (The separation of zirconium and hafnium by fractionated distillation)". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie (in German). 141: 289–296. doi:10.1002/zaac.19241410118.
van Arkel, A. E.; de Boer, J. H. (1925). "Darstellung von reinem Titanium-, Zirkonium-, Hafnium- und Thoriummetall (Production of pure titanium, zirconium, hafnium and Thorium metal)". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie (in German). 148: 345–350. doi:10.1002/zaac.19251480133.
Barber, R. C.; Greenwood, N. N.; Hrynkiewicz, A. Z.; Jeannin, Y. P.; Lefort, M.; Sakai, M.; Ulehla, I.; Wapstra, A. P.; Wilkinson, D. H. (1993). "Discovery of the transfermium elements. Part II: Introduction to discovery profiles. Part III: Discovery profiles of the transfermium elements". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 65 (8): 1757–1814. doi:10.1351/pac199365081757. S2CID 195819585.
Ghiorso, A.; Nurmia, M.; Harris, J.; Eskola, K.; Eskola, P. (1969). "Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 22 (24): 1317–1320. Bibcode:1969PhRvL..22.1317G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1317.
"Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 69 (12): 2471–2474. 1997. doi:10.1351/pac199769122471.
Nagame, Y.; et al. (2005). "Chemical studies on rutherfordium (Rf) at JAERI" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 93 (9–10_2005): 519. doi:10.1524/ract.2005.93.9-10.519. S2CID 96299943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-28.
Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11): 113104. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
Steele, M. C.; Hein, R. A. (1953). "Superconductivity of Titanium". Phys. Rev. 92 (2): 243–247. Bibcode:1953PhRv...92..243S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.92.243.
Thiemann, M.; et al. (2018). "Complete electrodynamics of a BCS superconductor with μeV energy scales: Microwave spectroscopy on titanium at mK temperatures". Phys. Rev. B. 97 (21): 214516. arXiv:1803.02736. Bibcode:2018PhRvB..97u4516T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.214516. S2CID 54891002.
O'Hara, Andrew; Demkov, Alexander A. (2014). "Oxygen and nitrogen diffusion in α-hafnium from first principles". Applied Physics Letters. 104 (21): 211909. Bibcode:2014ApPhL.104u1909O. doi:10.1063/1.4880657.
Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Sikka, S. K. (10 May 2011). "Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals". Physical Review B. 83 (17): 172101. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..83q2101G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101.
Spink, Donald (1961). "Reactive Metals. Zirconium, Hafnium, and Titanium". Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 53 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1021/ie50614a019.
Berglund, Fredrik; Carlmark, Bjorn (October 2011). "Titanium, Sinusitis, and the Yellow Nail Syndrome". Biological Trace Element Research. 143 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8828-5. PMC 3176400. PMID 20809268.

escholarship.org

cloudfront.escholarship.org

Ghiorso, A.; Nurmia, M.; Harris, J.; Eskola, K.; Eskola, P. (1969). "Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 22 (24): 1317–1320. Bibcode:1969PhRvL..22.1317G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1317.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "III. Some Eighteenth-Century Metals". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (7): 1231–1243. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1231W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1231.
Mel'nikov, V. P. (1982). "Some Details in the Prehistory of the Discovery of Element 72". Centaurus. 26 (3): 317–322. Bibcode:1982Cent...26..317M. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1982.tb00667.x.
Fernelius, W. C. (1982). "Hafnium" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (3): 242. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..242F. doi:10.1021/ed059p242. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-15. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
Coster, D.; Hevesy, G. (1923). "On the Missing Element of Atomic Number 72". Nature. 111 (2777): 79. Bibcode:1923Natur.111...79C. doi:10.1038/111079a0.
Ghiorso, A.; Nurmia, M.; Harris, J.; Eskola, K.; Eskola, P. (1969). "Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 22 (24): 1317–1320. Bibcode:1969PhRvL..22.1317G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1317.
Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11): 113104. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
Steele, M. C.; Hein, R. A. (1953). "Superconductivity of Titanium". Phys. Rev. 92 (2): 243–247. Bibcode:1953PhRv...92..243S. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.92.243.
Thiemann, M.; et al. (2018). "Complete electrodynamics of a BCS superconductor with μeV energy scales: Microwave spectroscopy on titanium at mK temperatures". Phys. Rev. B. 97 (21): 214516. arXiv:1803.02736. Bibcode:2018PhRvB..97u4516T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.214516. S2CID 54891002.
O'Hara, Andrew; Demkov, Alexander A. (2014). "Oxygen and nitrogen diffusion in α-hafnium from first principles". Applied Physics Letters. 104 (21): 211909. Bibcode:2014ApPhL.104u1909O. doi:10.1063/1.4880657.
Gyanchandani, Jyoti; Sikka, S. K. (10 May 2011). "Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals". Physical Review B. 83 (17): 172101. Bibcode:2011PhRvB..83q2101G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101.

ilo.org

"Zirconium". International Chemical Safety Card Database. International Labour Organization. October 2004. Retrieved 2008-03-30.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Barksdale, Jelks (1968). "Titanium". In Hampel, Clifford A. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. Skokie, Illinois: Reinhold Book Corporation. pp. 732–738. LCCN 68-29938.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Berglund, Fredrik; Carlmark, Bjorn (October 2011). "Titanium, Sinusitis, and the Yellow Nail Syndrome". Biological Trace Element Research. 143 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8828-5. PMC 3176400. PMID 20809268.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Berglund, Fredrik; Carlmark, Bjorn (October 2011). "Titanium, Sinusitis, and the Yellow Nail Syndrome". Biological Trace Element Research. 143 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8828-5. PMC 3176400. PMID 20809268.

nii.ac.jp

wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp

Nagame, Y.; et al. (2005). "Chemical studies on rutherfordium (Rf) at JAERI" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 93 (9–10_2005): 519. doi:10.1524/ract.2005.93.9-10.519. S2CID 96299943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-28.

osha.gov

"Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Hafnium". U.S. Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-09-10.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

"Contemplating a role for titanium in organisms". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2023-09-23.

primefan.ru

Periodic table poster by A. V. Kulsha and T. A. Kolevich

rsc.org

"Rutherfordium". Rsc.org. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
"Zirconium - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table". www.rsc.org. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
"Hafnium - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table". www.rsc.org. Retrieved 2023-09-23.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Heilbron, John L. (1966). "The Work of H. G. J. Moseley". Isis. 57 (3): 336. doi:10.1086/350143. S2CID 144765815.
Barber, R. C.; Greenwood, N. N.; Hrynkiewicz, A. Z.; Jeannin, Y. P.; Lefort, M.; Sakai, M.; Ulehla, I.; Wapstra, A. P.; Wilkinson, D. H. (1993). "Discovery of the transfermium elements. Part II: Introduction to discovery profiles. Part III: Discovery profiles of the transfermium elements". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 65 (8): 1757–1814. doi:10.1351/pac199365081757. S2CID 195819585.
Nagame, Y.; et al. (2005). "Chemical studies on rutherfordium (Rf) at JAERI" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 93 (9–10_2005): 519. doi:10.1524/ract.2005.93.9-10.519. S2CID 96299943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-28.
Thiemann, M.; et al. (2018). "Complete electrodynamics of a BCS superconductor with μeV energy scales: Microwave spectroscopy on titanium at mK temperatures". Phys. Rev. B. 97 (21): 214516. arXiv:1803.02736. Bibcode:2018PhRvB..97u4516T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.214516. S2CID 54891002.

special-metals.co.uk

"Is Titanium A Refractory Metal". Special Metal Fabrication. 3 August 2021.

usgs.gov

minerals.usgs.gov

"Zirconium and Hafnium" (PDF). Mineral Commodity Summaries. US Geological Survey: 192–193. January 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
Callaghan, R. (2008-02-21). "Zirconium and Hafnium Statistics and Information". US Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
"Minerals Yearbook Commodity Summaries 2009: Titanium" (PDF). US Geological Survey. May 2009. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
Gambogi, Joseph (January 2009). "Titanium and Titanium dioxide Statistics and Information" (PDF). US Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-02-24.

minerals.er.usgs.gov

Hedrick, James B. "Hafnium" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-09-10.

web.archive.org

Fernelius, W. C. (1982). "Hafnium" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (3): 242. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..242F. doi:10.1021/ed059p242. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-15. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
Nagame, Y.; et al. (2005). "Chemical studies on rutherfordium (Rf) at JAERI" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 93 (9–10_2005): 519. doi:10.1524/ract.2005.93.9-10.519. S2CID 96299943. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-28.
"Abundance in Earth's Crust". WebElements.com. Archived from the original on 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
"Dubbo Zirconia Project Fact Sheet" (PDF). Alkane Resources Limited. June 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
Hebda, John (2001). "Niobium alloys and high Temperature Applications" (PDF). CBMM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
"Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Hafnium". U.S. Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2008-09-10.

webelements.com

"Abundance in Earth's Crust". WebElements.com. Archived from the original on 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2007-04-14.

zenodo.org

Bury, Charles R. (1921). "Langmuir's Theory of the Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43 (7): 1602–1609. doi:10.1021/ja01440a023.